Application of GPS technology to build a mine-subsidence observation station

We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.

Maintenance of Storage Batteries in Automatic Meteorological Observation Stations

Firstly, the definition, structure and working principles of storage batteries in automatic meteorological observation stations were stated simply, and then the daily maintenance of the storage batteries were introduced according to previous practical experience, finally typical faults of storage batteries were analyzed. Practical evidence shows that timely external maintenance and enough supply of electrolyte can greatly extend the lifespan of storage batteries.

Comparison and Analysis of Data at Traffic Meteorological Observation Station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games Period

This paper presents a comparison and analysis method of data at traffic meteorological observation station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period based on Grubbs criterion. By comparing the data of a set of standard multi-element observation stations with the data of multiple measured traffic stations, the outliers of each element data at each station were analyzed. It could provide data support for the maintenance of Zhangjiakou traffic meteorological observation station and a guarantee for the accuracy of forest service during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period.

Intercomparison of the South Asian High in NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 Reanalyses and in Station Observations

The South Asian Highs (SAHs) at 100 hPa over China in the three reanalysis datasets NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 are evaluated by using station observation data. The results demonstrate a substantial discrepancy even between the reanalyses. First, the data of the three reanalyses generally underestimate the intensity of the SAH in the China domain. Second, there are interdecadal changes in the SAH, with highs in the 1960s and 1980s and lows in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. This interdecadal variation of the SAH can be well depicted with NCEP1 data, but the high in the 1980s is missed by ERA-40. The NCEP2 corresponds well with NCEP 1 and captures the decreasing trend after 1979. Furthermore, the NCEP1 reanalysis overestimates the interdecadal changes of SAH, while ERA-40 underestimates the interdecadal changes. This work suggests that much caution should be exerted when the reanalysis datasets are adopted to study the interdecadal variability of SAH.

Electromagnetic Abnormity Observed at Sujiatun Seismic Station and Its Relation toEarthquake

The Sujiatun seismic station is a local professional seismic observation station in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning province. Electromagnetic radiations observation apparatus, of the type EMAOS-L, are used there. In this paper, four years observation data and observed earthquakes with M_S≥4.0 were collected in the Sujiatun observation station. The characteristics of electromagnetic radiation abnormities and earthquakes are analyzed from such aspects as capabilities of the apparatus used, tectonic structure, origins of electromagnetic radiations and so on. By analysis, precursor abnormities observed at this observation station are remarkable. The electric and magnetic abnormities are with good synchronism and the abnormities can respond better to the earthquakes with the epicenter distance being less than 20km and taking place in the upper crust. At the same time, for earthquakes with large magnitudes, the variation of precursor abnormities shows a periodic diurnal variation.

Decreasing Trend in Summer Precipitation over the Western Sichuan Basin since the 1950s

Changing precipitation in the densely populated Sichuan basin may have a great impact on human life. This study analyzes the change in summer precipitation since 1951 over the western Sichuan basin, one of the regions of the heaviest rainfall in China, by using two datasets provided by the Chinese Meteorological Data Center. The results indicate that summer (from June to September) precipitation over the western Sichuan basin shows a significantly decreasing trend. The summer precipitation over this region has decreased by about 20% since the 1950s, with a rate of decrease of about 40 mm per decade.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON SETTING UP THE OBSERVATIONAL STATION IN HEIFE(SUMMER)

Using a modified numerical model with higher resolution both horizontal and vertical directions,the surface fluxes of the sensible and latent heat in the HEIFE(Heihe Field Experiment)region were diagnosed.Based on statistical analy- sis for the diagnostic fluxes,the representativeness and location of observational stations in the HEIFE region were inves- tigated,a concrete scheme for setting up the observational stations in the HEIFE region with different underlying sur- faces are obtained and the general principle of choosing the locations of observational stations with better representativeness is proposed.

Construction of a Comprehensive Observation Network for Natural-Resource Elements in Heihe River Basin,NW China

The construction of a comprehensive observation platform for natural-resource elements would provide data support for studies of dynamic changes in various natural resources,and could serve the needs of natural-resource management and the construction of ecological civilization during a period of global change.As the second-largest inland river basin in NW China,the Heihe River Basin(HRB)lies in the central part of the Silk Road Economic Belt,consequently,pilot studies of resource management in the basin are urgently needed.This paper describes the construction of a comprehensive natural-resource elements observation network in the HRB to meet requirements for natural-resource management,based on natural-resource and Earth-system science.Based on current observations and research,thirteen observation stations were established in different river basins through integration with existing stations,reconstruction and upgrading,and new construction.The main types of land-surface resources in the HRB(grassland,forests,rivers,lakes,deserts,wetlands,and farmland)were included in the observation network constructed for the monitoring of natural-resource elements.Long-term,continuous,and stable observation can yield key data concerning coupling processes,trends of change,and rates of change in natural resources.This is of great significance in improving cognitive ability,scientific management,and strategic decision-making regarding natural resources in the HRB,and can provide a reference paradigm for the observation of and research into natural resources in other basins.