Direct Torque Control System and Sensorless Technique of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control ofinduction motors. However, in the DTC drive system of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)proposed a few years ago, there are many basic theoretical problems that must be clarified. Thispaper describes an investigation about the effect of the zero voltage space vectors in the DTCsystem of PMSM and points out that if using the zero voltage space vectors rationally, not only canthe DTC system be driven successfully but also the torque ripple is reduced and the performance ofthe system is improved. This paper also studies the sensorless technique in the DTC system of PMSMand configures the DTC system of PMSM with sensorless technique including zero voltage spacevectors. Numerical simulations and experimental tests have proved the theory correct. In thecondition of sensor-less, the DTC system of PMSM is wide-rangely speed adjusting, and the ratio ofspeed adjustment is 1: 100.

An Observing Method for Flux and Speed with Direct Torque Control

An observing method for stator flux and rotor flux is presented. Based on the proposed flux observing method, a novel speed estimator has been designed. At last, the speed estimator combined with the flux observing is applied in the direct torque control system without speed sensor. The simulation results show that these methods can improve the accuracy of speed observing and the low speed performance of direct torque control system, and strengthen the robustness of system.

An Improved Stator Flux Observation Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation is the basis of direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor( PMSM) drive system. However,the traditional stator flux observer based on voltage model is affected by integral initial values and integral drift,that based on current model is affected by the parameters of PMSM,so a new stator flux observation method is proposed based on an improved secondorder generalized integrator( SOGI). Compared to the stator flux observation method based on the conventional SOGI,the proposed method can not only overcome the influence of integral initial values and integral drift,but also completely eliminate the DC offset's influence. Therefore,the observation accuracy of stator flux is further improved. The simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method has a higher stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation precision.

基于磁链相移原理的不对称交替极永磁辅助同步磁阻电机设计与分析

传统永磁辅助同步磁阻电机(PMaSynRM)无法充分利用永磁转矩和磁阻转矩,该文提出一种新型不对称交替极永磁辅助同步磁阻电机(ACP-PMaSynRM)。基于永磁磁链相移原理,将交替极永磁阵列、不对称磁极和磁障相结合,实现永磁转矩和磁阻转矩的最大值在相同电流相位下叠加,不但提高了永磁转矩和磁阻转矩的利用率,增强了电机输出转矩能力,而且减少了永磁体用量。采用有限元法对比分析了传统和新型ACP-PMaSynRM的电磁性能,验证了所提电机拓扑的可行性。最后,制造了一台48槽14极样机并对其进行了实验验证。

考虑磁链变化率的永磁同步电机失磁故障复合容错控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)失磁故障中磁链变化较快,近似认为磁链变化率为0会导致传统PMSM失磁容错控制方法性能受限的问题,本文提出一种基于智能比例积分微分的无模型超螺旋滑模复合容错控制(iPID-MFSTSMC)方法。首先,构建考虑永磁体磁链变化量的PMSM失磁故障数学模型,根据这一模型设计了磁链滑模观测器,实现了对于磁链及其变化率的观测。此外,针对快速变化的负载转矩设计了负载转矩导数滑模观测器。然后,基于磁链及其变化率、负载转矩导数的观测,设计了iPID无模型容错控制方法,该方法采用超螺旋滑模算法对观测误差及其他扰动进行抑制,改善了动态性能且降低了控制器参数的设计难度。利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了所设计容错控制方法的稳定性,并给出了参数的设计条件。最后,在磁链以及负载转矩快速变化工况下,通过仿真和实验分析表明,该方法可以有效减少系统抖振并降低超调量。

船舶永磁同步推进电机的优化I/f起动控制方法

为解决高转矩与高转动惯量的船舶推进电机在开环I/f控制中转速和转矩波动大、电机易失步、效率低的问题,提出一种I/f控制改进方法。通过建立转矩角观测器,调节给定电流矢量的幅值,使其跟随负载转矩变化,提高系统鲁棒性。同时,将电机运行状态推进至接近最大转矩电流比状态,提高电机的运行效率;通过瞬时有功功率调节电流矢量的角速度,降低电磁转矩波动,加快电机的转速收敛过程。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明该方法可以显著提高推进电机运行效率和稳定性。

基于虚拟方波注入的五相永磁同步电机开路故障下直接转矩控制

在传统直接转矩控制(DTC)中,参考磁链往往是一个固定值,这将导致五相永磁同步电机(PMSM)在正常及容错情况下运行时效率不高。为解决该问题,该文提出一种基于虚拟方波注入的DTC(VSWI-DTC)策略。首先,建立五相PMSM在正常和开路故障情况下的数学模型,在同步旋转坐标系中推导出恒定转矩下电流幅值与定子磁链幅值的关系。其次,设计最优定子磁链探测器。通过向定子磁链幅值中注入虚拟方波信号,根据电流幅值的变化情况补偿定子磁链幅值,在线探寻最优定子磁链幅值。最后,与无差拍DTC相结合,实现电机高效率DTC运行。实验结果表明,所提策略不但能保持DTC良好的动态性能,抑制开路故障引起的转矩脉动,而且提高了电机在正常和开路故障情况下的效率。

计及磁链和电流的PMSM DTC系统中功率器件键合线老化监测方法

在闭环控制系统中,基于电参数的功率器件老化监测方法是电力电子可靠性领域的难点之一。以永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统为例,研究基于磁链相图和电流的功率逆变器中功率器件老化状态的在线监测方法。首先,分析功率器件老化的特征,得到键合线老化引起通态电阻增加的结论;其次,研究得到功率器件键合线老化与磁链相图、直轴电流和三相电流峰值变化的关系,进而提出功率器件键合线老化的监测方法;最后,通过多组仿真实验验证了基于磁链相图和电流的在线监测方法均可实现功率逆变器中功率器件键合线老化状态的在线监测。其中,基于磁链相图的在线监测方法需要系统磁链出现一些波动时才易观测,此时功率器件处于失效状态,该方法并不可取;而基于三相电流的监测方法能够更为精确地监测功率器件老化状况,效果更为优越。

智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制

因智能跑步机控制系统存在延时的问题,导致跑步机的运行损耗高、效率低。为此,提出智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制方法。分析异步电机的变频调速效果,构建跑步机控制约束,将模型预测直接转矩控制算法作为非线性内部控制器的控制算法,估计定子磁链后预测定子磁链和电磁转矩,建立合适的目标函数,并采用末端输出控制法获取定子磁链和电磁转矩参考值,对跑步机系统延时加以补偿,完成智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制。实验结果表明,所提方法控制下的智能跑步机振幅曲线波动最小,电磁转矩在(0.5~1.5)N·m之间,稳定后的运行损耗和运行效率控制在67 W和0.77%左右,可有效减小跑步机的电磁转矩脉动,降低运行损耗,提高运行效率,且具有良好的平稳性。

电机参数变化对磁场定向矢量控制系统性能的影响及其对策

分析了转子电阻和转子时间常数变化对矢量控制系统性能的影响,针对这一影响,设计了一种基于转子磁链模型的磁链混合观测器。经过仿真,结果表明磁链混合观测器能明显抑制电机参数时变带来的影响,提高系统的性能。

Torque Ripple Suppression Control Strategy for Brushless Integrated Starter/Generator Wound-Field Synchronous Motor

A flux linkage compensation field oriented control (FOC) method was proposed to suppress the speed and torque ripples of a brushless wound-field synchronous motor in its starting process. The starting process was analyzed and the model of wound-field synchronous electric machine was established. The change of field current of the electric machine was described mathematically for simplified exciter and rotate rectifier. Based on the traditional field control, the flux linkage compensation was introduced in d-axis current to counteract the flux ripple. Some simulation and preliminary experiments were implemented. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

Study on inverter fault-tolerant operation of PMSM DTC

This paper presents an investigation of inverter fault-tolerant operation for a permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） direct torque control （DTC） system under various inverter faults. The performance of a faulty standard 6-switch inverter driven PMSM DTC system is analyzed. To avoid the loss or even disaster caused by the inverter faults, a topology-modified inverter with fault-tolerant capability is introduced, which is reconfigured as a 3-phase 4-switch inverter. The modeling of the 4-switch inverter is then analyzed and a novel DTC strategy with a unique nonlinear perpendicular flux observer and feedback compensation scheme is proposed for obtaining a continuous, disturbance-flee drive system. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed inverter fault-tolerant PMSM DTC system is able to operate stably and continuously with acceptable static and pretty good dynamic performance.

Research on Direct Torque Control System Based on Induction Motor

The mathematic model of direct torque control (DTC) was deduced. Two simulating models based on the MATLAB & SIMULINK were established. The emphasis is focused on study of the performance difference of the DTC system with stator flux hexagon and circle trajectories. The simulation waveforms of flux, torque and current characters with two flux trajectories were given. Experiments were carried out in an AC drive system based on induction motor and two-level inverter. A dual-CPU structure was used and the communication with two CPUs was obtained by a dual-port RAM in this system.

新型混合励磁爪极电机Ansoft 3D仿真分析

针对现阶段爪极电机的效率低、电机空间利用率低和易磁饱和等问题,根据爪极电机的相关结构,提出一种利用电机端部空间实现混合励磁的新型电机,使用Ansoft软件构建电机的三维仿真模型,并对电机的磁场性能进行仿真分析.对比了新型爪极电机与传统爪极电机空载状态下的磁密和磁链特性,同时分析了新型爪极电机的齿槽转矩特性.结果表明,新型爪极电机具有更高的磁密与磁链特性,同时还具有更不易磁饱和特性.此外新型爪极电机具有较小的齿槽转矩,可以应用到驱动电机领域.

双馈感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制方法

风电机组双馈感应发电机运行中,由于参数变化的不确定性导致其无速度传感器直接转矩控制输出值出现异常波动,为保证双馈感应电机的频率稳定性,提出一种双馈感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制方法。计算转子磁链同步转速和转差速度,得到发电机的转速观测值;分析转子绕组电压空间矢量,建立磁链模型并构建电磁矩阵,在矩阵中计算定子绕组和转子绕组的磁势矢量,通过二者的矢量积得到电机的电磁转矩;转速和转矩共同组成直接转矩控制系统,实现对电机的速度调节和控制。仿真分析结果表明:采用所提方法时,在双馈感应电机启动后转速迅速增加,且在1.2 s后转速始终保持为1400 r/min,可保证转子磁链的运行轨迹接近于圆形,直接转矩控制效果平稳。

混合励磁双凸极电机电磁转矩非线性模型建模

针对混合励磁双凸极电机磁路饱和特性对电磁转矩的影响,提出一种具有几何意义的电磁转矩非线性计算模型。首先利用有限元电磁模型计算了磁链分布,提出磁链梯度的概念,根据磁共能原理,推导出电磁转矩的积分表达式,描述了其几何含义;然后仿真验证了所推导公式的正确性,并分别求解出满足恒转矩运行和最大转矩运行时的电枢电流波形,实现了电机在一定转子角度内的恒转矩输出和最大转矩输出;为便于实现方波控制,对方波电枢电流的波形参数进行优化,实现电机在方波电流下的最大转矩输出。经仿真验证,提出的混合励磁双凸极电机电磁转矩非线性模型具有计算准确、简单直观、便于应用的特点,为混合励磁双凸极电机设计提供参考。

基于分数阶全局滑模与Elman神经网络磁链观测的PMSM转矩脉动抑制研究

针对传统直接转矩控制转矩脉动较大的问题,提出一种基于构造分数阶全局滑模控制器和基于Elman神经网络电阻辨识的磁链观测器的PMSM转矩脉动抑制方法。首先,建立了PMSM的数学模型,以磁链和转矩误差建立了分数阶滑模面,设计了分数阶全局滑模控制器;其次,为了通过精确观测磁链来进一步实现转矩脉动的抑制,提出了基于Elman神经网络的电阻辨识方法,然后将辨识结果用于磁链观测器的设计,并与分数阶全局滑模控制器结合,构建了基于分数阶全局滑模与磁链观测的PMSM控制系统,实现对PMSM转矩脉动的抑制。试验结果表明,所提出的基于构造分数阶全局滑模控制器和基于Elman神经网络电阻辨识的磁链观测器相结合的方法可以很好地抑制转矩脉动。

基于磁链预测的永磁直驱风力发电机SVM-DTC技术

永磁直驱风力发电机传统直接转矩控制(DTC)通过查表法选择固定电压矢量来控制定子磁链和电磁转矩,导致磁链和转矩的双重控制要求不能同时兼顾,造成磁链和转矩脉动过大。针对传统DTC的不足,研究了一种永磁直驱风力发电机基于定子磁链预测的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)DTC方法,通过对下一个控制周期磁链矢量的预测计算需要补偿的电压矢量,并引入SVPWM模块代替查表法来合成该电压矢量。仿真和实验结果表明,此方案能明显降低磁链和转矩脉动,改善永磁直驱风力发电系统的控制性能。

交流异步电机直接转矩自动解耦矢量控制方法

交流异步电动机是一种对电能进行转换的电力拖动装置,因在工作过程中易受强耦合性、非线性、外界因素等问题的干扰,导致对其控制效果差、能量损耗大,为此,该文提出交流异步电机直接转矩自动解耦矢量控制方法。采用直接转矩策略降低电机的耦合振动与磁链振动,构建矢量控制模型,实现电流与电压的静态解耦。通过自动解耦策略、模糊控制器与低通滤波器,在改善交流异步电机动态性能的基础上提高电机矢量控制模型的精度,完成交流异步电机的控制。实验结果表明,所提方法在额定转速与转速突变情况下与给定波形的差距最小、能量损耗低于112 V,具有良好的控制效果。

交流电机直接转矩控制系统新型闭环磁链观测器研究

针对电机参数变化与负载扰动影响电机磁链辨识结果的问题,提出了一种新型的闭环磁链观测器,通过DTC系统采样数据进行离线训练,构建了BP神经网络逆磁链模型,与电机磁链模型构成“可调整系统”,以实际电机作为参考模型,建立了具有自适应能力的新型闭环磁链观测器。新型闭环磁链观测器应用于直接转矩控制(DTC)系统中,通过电机参数变化与负载扰动仿真结果表明:系统性能优于传统DTC系统,磁链辨识精度高、转矩脉动小、转速波动小,具有较强的鲁棒性和控制精度。