Clinical efficacy and mechanism study of mid-frequency anti-snoring device in treating moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is primarily caused by airway obstruction due to narrowing and blockage in the nasal and nasopha-ryngeal,oropharyngeal,soft palate,and tongue base areas.The mid-frequency anti-snoring device is a new technology based on sublingual nerve stimulation.Its principle is to improve the degree of oropharyngeal airway stenosis in OSAHS patients under mid-frequency wave stimulation.Nevertheless,there is a lack of clinical application and imaging evidence.METHODS We selected 50 patients diagnosed with moderate OSAHS in our hospital between July 2022 and August 2023.They underwent a 4-wk treatment regimen involving the mid-frequency anti-snoring device during nighttime sleep.Following the treatment,we monitored and assessed the sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores.Additionally,we performed computed tomo-graphy scans of the oropharynx in the awake state,during snoring,and while using the mid-frequency anti-snoring device.Cross-sectional area measurements in different states were taken at the narrowest airway point in the soft palate posterior and retrolingual areas.RESULTS Compared to pretreatment measurements,patients exhibited a significant reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index,the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90%,snoring frequency,and the duration of the most prolonged apnea event.The lowest oxygen saturation showed a notable increase,and both sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores improved.Oropharyngeal computed tomography scans revealed that in OSAHS patients cross-sectional areas of the oropharyngeal airway in the soft palate posterior area and retrolingual area decreased during snoring compared to the awake state.Conversely,during mid-frequency anti-snoring device treatment,these areas increased compared to snoring.CONCLUSION The mid-frequency anti-snoring device demonstrates the potential to enhance various sleep parameters in patients with moderate OSAHS,thereby improving their quality of life and reducing daytime sleepiness.These therapeutic effects are attributed to the device’s ability to ameliorate the narrowing of the oropharynx in OSAHS patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome immunological relationship

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a complex disorder cha-racterized by symptoms resulting from intermittent hypoxia and hypopnea,with research indicating a crucial role of immune system dysregulation and genetic variations in its pathogenesis.A recent Zhao et al study utilizes Mendelian ran-domization analysis to explore the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and OSAHS.The study identifies specific lymphocyte subsets as-sociated with OSAHS,providing valuable insights into the disease's pathophy-siology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.The findings underscore the significance of genetic and immunological factors in sleep disorders,offering a fresh perspective on OSAHS's complexities.Compared to existing literature,Zhao et al's study stands out for its focus on genetic markers and specific immune responses associated with OSAHS,expanding upon previous research primarily centered on systemic inflammation.In conclusion,the study represents a signi-ficant advancement in the field,shedding light on the causal role of immune cells in OSAHS and paving the way for future research and targeted treatments.

Intermittent hypoxia is involved in gut microbial dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)has been recognized as a comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);more than half of T2DM patients suffer from OSAHS.Intermittent hypoxia(IH)plays an important role in metabolic diseases,such as obesity and OSAHS,through various mechanisms,including altering the gut microecological composition and function.Therefore,it is important to study the role of gut microbiota in T2DM patients with OSAHS,which has a high incidence and is prone to several complications.AIM To assess whether IH is involved in altering the fecal microbiome in T2DM patients with OSAHS.METHODS Seventy-eight participants were enrolled from Henan Province People’s Hospital and divided into healthy control(HC,n=26),T2DM(n=25),and T2DM+OSA(n=27)groups based on their conditions.The fecal bacterial DNA of the research participants was extracted and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.The clinical indices,such as insulin resistance index,homocysteine(HCY)concentration,and the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood,were assessed and recorded.RESULTS Group T2DM+OSA had the highest apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)(2.3 vs 3.7 vs 13.7),oxygen desaturation index(0.65 vs 2.2 vs 9.1),HCY concentration(9.6μmol/L vs 10.3μmol/L vs 13.81μmol/L)and C-reactive protein(CRP)concentrations(0.3 mg/L vs 1.43 mg/L vs 2.11 mg/L),and lowest mean oxygen saturation(97.05%vs 96.6%vs 94.7%)among the three groups.Twelve and fifteen key differences in amplicon sequence variants were identified when comparing group T2DM+OSA with groups T2DM and HC,respectively.We found progressively decreased levels of Faecalibacterium,Eubacterium,and Lachnospiraceae,and an increase in the level of Actinomyces,which strongly correlated with the HCY,CRP,fasting plasma glucose,and hemoglobin A1c concentrations,AHI,mean oxygen saturation,and insulin resistance index in group T2DM+OSA(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For T2DM patients with OSAHS,IH may be involved in selective alterations of the gut microbiota,which may affect the pathophysiological development of T2DM and DM-related complications.

Effect of motivational interviewing on postoperative weight control in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obesity is an important factor to cause the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Higher body mass index(BMI)often results in more severe OSAHS.Currently,the common measures for controlling the weight mainly include diet control,increase exercise and so on.Motivational interviewing(MI)could explore the patient’s internal state and make the patient realize his/her ambivalence,resulting in the change in his/her behavior.This process emphasizes respecting the patient’s autonomy.AIM To evaluate the effect of MI on the weight control of patients with OSAHS.METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted in 100 obese OSAHS patients undergoing surgical treatment at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.The patients were divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 50 cases each.The control group was given routine health education after the operation;in addition to the regular health education,the intervention group was given MI according to a predetermined plan.Obesity-related indicators,postoperative complications,and the sleep status of both groups were evaluated before and 6 mo after the intervention.RESULTS Patients in the intervention group had significantly improved body weight,BMI,and waist and neck circumferences compared with patients in the control group(P<0.05).Regarding complications at 6 mo after operation,the incidence of cough and reflux in patients in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Self-Rating Scale of Sleep scores of patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the sleep status of patients in the intervention group was improved(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MI intervention has a significant advantage over postoperative routine health education.It can greatly change the lifestyle,further control the postoperative weight,reduce the occurrence of complications,improve the quality of sleep,and improve long-term postoperative efficacy in OSAHS patients.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Ssyndrome and Hearing in Children

Objective To explore the relationship between hypoxemia and hearing in children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Methods Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 68 ears and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 60 ears in children with OSAHS and type "A" tym-panograms, and in 30 ears in normal children. Results ABR latencies of waves I, III and V, and I-III, III-V and I-V intervals were not statistically different between OSAHS and normal children. Wave I latency was delayed in children with OSAHS compared to normal children3 (P < 0.05). DPOAE amplitudes in children with mild OSAHS were lower than normal children at 8 kHz (P < 0.05). DPOAEs were lower at 6 kHz and 8 kHz in children with moderate/severe OSAHS than normal children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cochlear function was affected when AHI was at or greater than 10/hour. ABR and DPOAE can be used to detect early changes in auditory function in children with OSAHS.

Relation between Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Glaucoma in a Sub-Saharan African Population

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a frequent pathology worldwide whose main mechanism is a complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms described in primary open-angle glaucoma is that hypoxia in the optic nerve progressively destroys the retinal cells leading to the onset and/or aggravation of glaucoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of OSA in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methodology: An analytical study was conducted from January to May 2020 at the UHC. After obtaining ethical clearance, 112 patients including 50 glaucoma patients (44.64%) and 62 in the control group were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the medical records of the participants, with or without glaucoma, and a questionnaire was administered and a clinical examination performed. The STOP BANG score was used to determine the risk level of OSAHS. Statistical analyses were performed using Epi Info version 7.2. Results: A female predominance was found (60%) in the glaucoma group with a mean age of 55 ± 17 years against 49 ± 18 years in the control group. The high risk of OSAHS was more associated with glaucoma patients. In glaucoma patients, an association was found between high risk of OSAHS and snoring (OR = [1.43 - 849.53];p = 0.029) as well as insomnia (OR = [1.36 - 482.86];p = 0.030). Conclusion: High risk of OSAHS was found in participants with chronic open-angle glaucoma. Signs of OSAHS should be sought in chronic open-angle glaucoma as it may be a factor in its progression.

Characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome combined with cerebral infarction

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with cerebral infarction.Methods:Patients who were treated in the hospital due to acute cerebral infarction between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected, and according to the combination of OSAHS, the 300 patients with cerebral infarction were divided into the cerebral infarction group A who were combined with OSAHS and the cerebral infarction group B who were not combined with OSAHS;the 100 cases of healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of glucolipid metabolism indexes, cytokines and plaque hydrolysis molecules in serum were determined.Results: Serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A and cerebral infarction group B were significantly higher than those of control group whereas HDL-C levels were significantly lower than that of control group;serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A were significantly higher than those of cerebral infarction group B whereas HDL-C level was significantly lower than that of cerebral infarction group B.Conclusion: There are more significant glucolipid metabolism disorder and worse plaque stability in patients with OSAHS combined with cerebral infarction.

Reliability and Validity of Simplified Chinese STOP-BANG Questionnaire in Diagnosing and Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

The main purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese STOP-BANG Questionnaire(SBQ)as a diagnosing and screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Two hundred and ten patients with suspected OSAHS were recruited in this study.The simplified Chinese SBQ was completed twice before and after polysomnography(PSG)monitoring.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the test-retest reliability,discriminant validity,comparative validity and predictive validity of the SBQ.Fourteen patients were excluded on account of fragmentary data,and valid 196 were divided into four groups:non-OSAHS group(n=28,14.29%),mild OSAHS group(n=28,14.29%),moderate OSAHS group(n=31,15.81%)and severe OSAHS group(n=109,55.61%).The test-retest coefficient tor the first four items was 0.810,0.679,0.775,0.963 respectively and the total score of the STOP questionnaire was 0.854.The analysis of discriminant validity revealed that there were significant differences among four groups in the total score of the SBQ and scores of item 1,3,7 and 8,which were also validated between patients with normal blood oxygen saturation and different degrees of hypoxemia.The SBQ evaluation showed low consistency with diagnostic gold standard PSG(k=0.3O3,P<0.05).When taking apnea hypopnea index(AHI)≥5/h,≥15/h and≥30/h as cut-offs to evaluate the SBQ predictive value,the areas under ROC curve were 0.77,0.81 and 0.78,the sensitivity was 90.48%,93.57%and 93.33%,and corresponding negative predictive values were 40.74%,66.67%and 85.19%,respectively.It was suggested that the simplified Chinese version of SBQ had good reliability,and could distinguish the severity of OSAHS.Despite its limited diagnostic accuracy,the SBQ can be considered as an ideal tool for screening OSAHS with superior predictive validity.

Serum Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

To explore the relationship between the serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） level and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）, the concentrations of serum VEGF in 40 OSAHS patients and 9 healthy controls were measured by using ELISA method. Meanwhile the correlation between the concentration of VEGF and parameters of polysomnography （PSG） was examined. Our results showed that the concentrations of VEGF were significantly higher in OSAHS patients with severe hypoxia （536.8±334.7 pg/mL） than in those with mild hypoxia （329.2±174.7 pg/mL） and healthy controls （272. 8±211.0 pg/mL） （P〈0.05 for both）. The concentrations of VEGF were also significantly higher in OSAHS patients with hypertension （484.5±261.4 pg/mL） than in those without hypertension （311.0±158.4 pg/mL） and healthy controls （272. 8±211.0 pg/mL） （P〈0.05 for both）. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of VEGF and the apnea hypopnea index （AHI） （r=0.34, P〈0.05）. It is concluded that the concentration of the serum VEGF is positively related to the severity of OSAHS. The elevated serum VEGF level may be involved in the pathogenesis of the complications of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

Postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome and hypoxemia with bilateral carotid body tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Carotid body tumor(CBT)is a chemoreceptor tumor located in the carotid body,accounting for approximately 0.22%of head and neck tumors.Surgery is the main treatment method for the disease.CASE SUMMARY We reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of one patient who had postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and hypoxia after surgical resection of bilateral CBTs.This patient was admitted,and relevant laboratory and imaging examinations,and polysomnography(PSG)were performed.After the definitive diagnosis,continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment was given,which achieved good efficacy.CONCLUSION This case suggested that aggravation of OSAHS and hypoxemia is possibly caused by the postoperative complications after bilateral CBTs,and diagnosis by PSG and CPAP treatment are helpful for this patient.

超声测量应用于OSAHS病人困难喉镜暴露评估

目的:探讨通过超声测量皮肤到舌骨的距离、皮肤到会厌的距离及皮肤到声带前联合的距离来预测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)病人困难喉镜暴露的可行性。方法:选取择期在气管插管全麻下行悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)的OSAHS病人150例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级。麻醉前进行常规气道评估(Mallampati分级)及应用超声测量皮肤到舌骨的距离、皮肤到会厌的距离及皮肤到声带前联合的距离。麻醉诱导后采用直接喉镜气管插管,记录喉镜暴露分级,将Cormack-LehaneⅢ~Ⅳ级定为喉镜暴露困难。依据喉镜暴露分级的结果将病人分为非困难喉镜暴露组和困难喉镜暴露组,比较两组间Mallampati分级及超声测量值的差异。计算各指标的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积及超声测量的最佳截点,分析各评估方法对困难喉镜暴露的预测效果。结果:困难喉镜暴露组Mallampati气道分级>Ⅱ级的病例数的比例明显多于非困难喉镜暴露组(P<0.05)。困难喉镜暴露组皮肤到舌骨的距离及皮肤到会厌的距离均明显长于非困难喉镜暴露组(P<0.05),皮肤到舌骨的距离及皮肤到会厌的距离最佳截点分别为1.12 cm及2.23 cm。皮肤到声带前联合的距离两组差异无统计学意义。结论:超声测量皮肤到舌骨,皮肤到会厌的距离对OSAHS病人困难喉镜暴露具有良好的预测作用。

耳鸣与OSAHS相关性研究进展

耳鸣的发生机制还不清楚,除了耳部疾病可诱发耳鸣外,身体各系统也共同参与了耳鸣的发病机制。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)可能与耳鸣发生有关,近年来,这一观点逐渐受到关注。本文就OSAHS与耳鸣发生的关系及可能机制的最新研究进展进行综述,以期给耳鸣的治疗带来新的思考。

LXR及其靶基因COX-2和CETP在肥胖OSAHS幼鼠肝组织中的保护作用

目的阐明肝X受体(liver X receptor,LXR)及其靶基因环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、胆固醇酯转移蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein,CETP)的高表达是肥胖幼鼠阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)发病过程中的保护性因素,为肥胖儿童OSAHS的发病机制提供基础研究资料。方法24只3~4周龄雄性Wistar幼鼠分为正常对照组(control组)、单纯肥胖组(obesity组)、单纯OSAHS组(OSAHS组)、肥胖+OSAHS组(obesity+OSAHS组)。HE染色观察幼鼠肝组织病理变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测幼鼠肝组织中LXRα、COX-2、CETP的表达水平;运用免疫组化方法检测幼鼠肝组织中LXRα、COX-2、CETP的表达水平及分布情况。结果单纯肥胖组和肥胖+OSAHS组幼鼠体质量、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)含量与正常对照组相比均明显增加(P<0.05),单纯OSAHS组和肥胖+OSAHS组幼鼠血氧饱和度与正常对照组相比均明显降低(P<0.05)。单纯肥胖组、单纯OSAHS组及肥胖+OSAHS组肝组织与正常对照组肝组织相比均有明显损伤,肥胖+OSAHS组肝组织损伤较单纯肥胖组、单纯OSAHS组肝组织损伤程度明显升高。单纯OSAHS组和单纯肥胖组幼鼠肝组织中LXRα、COX-2、CETP表达水平较正常对照组均明显升高(P<0.05)。肥胖+OSAHS组幼鼠肝组织中LXRα、COX-2、CETP表达水平较其余各组均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论LXR及其靶基因COX-2、CETP在肥胖OSAHS幼鼠肝脏中高表达,是发病过程中的可能保护性因素。

Altered Cortical Information Interaction During Respiratory Events in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

tObstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)significantly impairs children's growth and cognition.This study aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OSAHS in children,with a particular focus on the alterations in cortical information interaction during respiratory events.We analyzed sleep electroencephalography before,during,and after events,utilizing Symbolic Transfer Entropy(STE)for brain network construction and information flow assessment.The results showed a significant increase in STE after events in specific frequency bands during N2 and rapid eye movement(REM)stages,along with increased STE during N3 stage events.Moreover,a noteworthy rise in the information flow imbalance within and between hemispheres was found after events,displaying unique patterns in central sleep apnea and hypopnea.Importantly,some of these alterations were correlated with symptom severity.These findings highlight significant changes in brain region coordination and communication during respiratory events,offering novel insights into OSAHS pathophysiology in children.

Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and liver fibrosis

Objective:The current study discusses the relationship between sleep apnea-hypopnea syn-drome(OSAHS)and liver fibrosis by determining the level of plasma hyaluronic acid(HA),pro-collagen III(PIII),collagen IV(IVC),and laminin(LN)in OSAHS patients and non-OSAHS patients with obesity and normal body weight.Methods:The patients who underwent polysomnographic(PSG)examinations in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital between December 2010 and June 2013 were selected.The patients were divided into two groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI;OSAHS and non-OSAHS patients),and both groups were further divided based on obesity and normal body weight based on the body mass index(BMI).Sleep breathing indicators,including BMI,AHI,LSaO_(2),and MSaO_(2),were measured in all patients.All of the patients had their blood drawn on the morning after the day of the PSG examination,and the samples were sent to the biochemical laboratory of our hospital for determination of the levels of HA,PIII,IVC,and LN.Results:Among the obese and normoweight patients,the levels of HA,PIII,IVC,and LN in OSAHS patients were higher than the non-OSAHS patients(P value<0.05).Amongst the OSAHS and non-OSAHS patients,the levels of HA,PIII,IVC,and LN in the obese patients were also higher than the non-obese patients(P value<0.05).The levels of HA,PIII,IVC,and LN in the obese OSAHS patients were higher than the remaining three groups(P value<0.05).The levels of HA,PIII,IVC,and LN had positive correlations with the AHI and BMI(r=0.701,0.523,0.639,and 0.421,respectively,P<0.05;and r=0.565,0.441,0.475,and 0.401,respectively,P<0.05),and nega-tive correlations with the LSaO_(2) and MSaO_(2) in OSAHS patients(r=-0.432,-0.394,-0.403,and-0.267,respectively,P<0.05;and r=-0.591,-0.517,-0.533,and-0.484,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion:The levels of plasma HA,PIII,IVC,and LN in OSAHS patients were related to OSAHS.OSAHS might lead to liver fibrosis.

OSAHS患者与单纯打鼾者鼾声声学特性初步研究

目的利用鼾声监测及分析技术对OSAHS患者和单纯打鼾者的鼾声的声学特性进行初步研究。方法阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者22人,单纯打鼾(simple snoring)者15人,分别同步进行鼾声监测和睡眠呼吸监测。取每例单纯打鼾者10次鼾声和每例OSAHS患者10次阻塞性呼吸暂停后的第一次鼾声进行时域和频域特性分析。结果单纯打鼾者鼾声片断时域曲线表现为多个振幅、间隔大致相仿的复合波,频域曲线表现出明显的基频—谐波结构;OSAHS患者鼾声的时域曲线表现为多个振幅、间隔不规则的复合波,频域曲线中无明显的基频—谐波结构。OSAHS患者鼾声的峰频率、中心频率较单纯打鼾者高,800Hz功率比率较单纯打鼾者低,OSAHS组,中重度OSAHS患者的鼾声峰频率、中心频率较轻度者高,800Hz功率比率较轻度者低,中心频率和800Hz功率比率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论OSAHS患者和单纯打鼾者鼾声具有不同的时域特性和频域特性,表明两种鼾声在声学上有质的差别,提示将鼾声监测分析技术应用于OSAHS的研究具有一定可行性,并可能为确定阻塞部位及鼾声来源提供新的临床研究思路。

典型男性OSAHS患者上气道气流运动特性的数值模拟

目的研究典型男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)患者在平静呼吸时上气道气流运动特性,以及气流对软腭和悬雍垂作用的动力特点。方法基于患者CT影像数据建立可靠的上气道流场几何模型,以临床睡眠监测数据作为数值模拟边界条件的依据,采用低雷诺数的湍流模型计算获得一个完整呼吸周期内上气道气流运动规律。结果 OSAHS患者在呼吸过程中,上气道气流流动形式有显著差异。在吸气阶段,上气道腔内流速可达9.808 m/s,最大负压可达-78.856 Pa,鼻腔顶部出现局部回流,软腭受到的最大气流压力为-10.884 Pa,悬雍垂受到的最大气流压力为-51.946 Pa,气流对软腭和悬雍垂造成的最大剪切应力分别为78和311 mPa。在呼气阶段,上气道腔内最大流速为10.330 m/s,最大负压为-51.921 Pa,口咽部和鼻腔顶部均出现局部回流,且口咽部顺时针回流现象显著,软腭受到的最大气流压力为2.603 Pa,悬雍垂受到的最大气流压力为-18.222 Pa,软腭和悬雍垂受到的最大剪切应力分别为51和508 mPa。结论口咽部是易塌陷的部位,一个呼吸循环过程的数值模拟可以捕捉到上气道流场显著的回流特征,上气道回流直接影响软腭和悬雍垂所受的力,同时也关系到患者呼吸的流畅程度。

有效治疗OSAHS的口腔矫治器戴入后髁突位置的变化

目的:研究口腔矫治器治疗效果好的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者戴入矫治器后髁突位置的变化。方法:选取21例口腔矫治器治疗效果好的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者治疗前闭口位、最大开口位及戴口腔矫治器时的双侧颞下颌关节许勒位X线片,测量并分析3组髁突位置的差别。选用配对样本T检验及描述性的统计学方法。结果:闭口位、最大开口位及戴重建蜡位时髁突的位置各不相同,戴口腔矫治器时的髁突上端点C平均坐标值为x(-0.74±2.22)mm,y(-0.68±1.08)mm。结论:成功治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者效果好的口腔矫治器戴入后患者的髁突上端点靠近关节结节点。

OSAHS患者H-UPPP术后嗓音变化研究

目的探讨成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OS-AHS)患者行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术(H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,H-UPPP)前后声道共鸣腔的变化对发音的影响。方法用美国Tiger公司的Dr Speech4.0软件,对56例成人OSAHS患者于H-UPPP手术前后,平稳自然的发/e/音,行嗓音声学参数及共振峰分析,并与40例正常对照组比较。结果除标准化噪声能量在手术前后有显著性差异外,OSAHS患者手术前后的其他嗓音声学参数均无统计学差异。OSAHS患者术前第一共振峰及带宽、第二共振峰及带宽、第三共振峰均明显低于正常;术后一周时的第一及第二共振峰均低于正常对照,但与术前无统计学差异;术后一月时的共振峰均与正常对照无显著性差异。结论H-UPPP手术通过解除OSAHS患者上气道的阻塞性因素及进行咽腔的塑形,改变声道共鸣腔,能够改变OSAHS患者的发声特点及音质,术后随时间的延长,共振峰频率逐渐增高,接近正常水平。

COPD合并OSAHS重叠综合征患者临床特征研究

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)重叠综合征(OS)患者临床特征,为其诊断及并发症的研究提供参考。方法选择2012年7月—2014年12月收治的OSAHS、COPD和OS患者各30例,同时设立健康对照组30例。检测并比较各组缶床资料、多导睡眠监测、肺功能、心超、和肺动脉收缩压(sPAP)情况。结果 4组中OS组的氧分压(PaO_2)、夜间最低氧饱和度(LSaO_2)和一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1%)最低,sPAP最高(P<0.05)。OSAHS与COPD对sPAP有正交互作用(F=5.88,P=0.02)。OS组的sPAP分别与腰围和AHI呈正相关(r=0.22和r=0.21,均P<0.05),而与FEV1/FVC和SaO_2呈负相关(/r=-0.48,P<0.01;r=-0.23,P<0.05)。结论 OS患者的低氧和肺动脉高压程度较重,患者的肺动脉压与向心性肥胖、夜间呼吸暂停和肺功能均有高度相关性。