Innovation Creates An Ocean Shipping Giant

Innovation is the soul of a company. It is what we are doing and will do. It's a miracle created in a decade.Un- der the lead of Gao Yanming,Hebei Ocean Shipping Company Ltd(HOS- CO Group)has developed from a re- gional company near bankruptcy into

EXPLORATION OF MECHANISM AND SYSTEM OF OCEAN SHIPPING ENTERPRISE

Company is a kind of effective organizational form of modern enterprise system. In connection with China’s real situation, change from the old factory system of part of the large and medium-sized state enterprises to company system is an important reform. The company system will play a significant role in shifting enterprises’ operational mechanism and sharpening their competitive edge.

The Cradle of China's First Class Seafarers:Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College——by Lin Jinhe,President of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College

Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College is a College subordinate to China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company under the Ministry of Communications. In our college there are the Department of Marine Navigation,Department of Marine Engineering, Department of Shipping Management and Department of Foreign Languages, offering speciahies of Marine Navigation, Marine Engine Control, Marine Electrical Equipment Control, Marine Radio Communication, International Shipping Management and International Finance and Accounting. We have 3 types of education: the education of formal college schooling, the training for implementation of the 95 revised STCW Convention and the continuation education. Meanwhile we undertake different training of COSCO’s contracted seafarers overseas and other managerial per-

Application Progress of Computational Fluid Dynamic Techniques for Complex Viscous Flows in Ship and Ocean Engineering

Complex flow around floating structures is a highly nonlinear problem,and it is a typical feature in ship and ocean engineering.Traditional experimental methods and potential flow theory have limitations in predicting complex viscous flows.With the improvement of high-performance computing and the development of numerical techniques,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become increasingly powerful in predicting the complex viscous flow around floating structures.This paper reviews the recent progress in CFD techniques for numerical solutions of typical complex viscous flows in ship and ocean engineering.Applications to free-surface flows,breaking bow waves of high-speed ship,ship hull-propeller-rudder interaction,vortexinduced vibration of risers,vortex-induced motions of deep-draft platforms,and floating offshore wind turbines are discussed.Typical techniques,including volume of fluid for sharp interface,dynamic overset grid,detached eddy simulation,and fluid-structure coupling,are reviewed along with their applications.Some novel techniques,such as high-efficiency Cartesian grid method and GPU acceleration technique,are discussed in the last part as the future perspective for further enhancement of accuracy and efficiency for CFD simulations of complex flow in ship and ocean engineering.

Enhancing the observing capacity for the surface ocean by the use of Volunteer Observing Ship

Knowledge of the surface ocean dynamics and the underlying controlling mechanisms is critical to understand the natural variability of the ocean and to predict its future response to climate change.In this paper,we highlight the potential use of Volunteer Observing Ship(VOS),as carrier for automatic underway measuring system and as platform for sample collection,to enhance the observing capacity for the surface ocean.We review the concept,history,present status and future development of the VOS-based in situ surface ocean observation.The successes of various VOS projects demonstrate that,along with the rapid advancing sensor techniques,VOS is able to improve the temporal resolution and spatial coverage of the surface ocean observation in a highly cost-effective manner.A sustained and efficient marine monitoring system in the future should integrate the advantages of various observing platforms including VOS.

Test Study on Current Force on Mooring Ships

In respect of an offshore berthing pillar, the test study result of current force acting on mooring ships is described in this paper. Empirical and semi-empirical relationships of current force coefficient are given according to the angle between the flow direction and the ship's longitudinal axis, which are coincident with the result of theoretical analysis.

基于自航模的某海洋调查船回转性能数值研究

本文针对某海洋调查船在实船海试过程中出现回转横倾角过大问题,采用基于RANS方程的数值模拟技术结合自航模型对其回转性能进行数值模拟,获得了其回转性能预报结果,为了减小该船回转过程中的横倾角,对船底呆木开展改进设计,获得呆木改进设计方案后该船的回转性横倾。通过对比分析可知,改进方案有效降低了回转过程中的横倾角,避免了回转中横倾过大的问题,为该船的顺利交付提供了技术支撑。

将多元技术引入船海专业核心实验课程的改革与实践

基于船海工业近年来发展的大背景,面向社会对高校培养船海专业人才的需求,以船海专业培养过程中的核心实验课程为目标开展研究,并在哈尔滨工程大学开展将多元技术引入船海专业核心实验课程的改革实践。首先,通过虚拟现实技术构建船海专业核心实验课内容,将大型实验课程的设备、流程、效果全部虚拟化,即使不在实验场地也可以身临其境地体验实验过程,极大地降低了开展船海专业实验课程的门槛;其次,将科研用途的自研仪器用于教学实验过程中,不仅在实验教学中增加了先进技术,而且支持开展更多拓展实验,鼓励学生自主设计实验内容与方案;最后,通过实验建立多元技术引入的船海专业核心实验课程教学模式,增强船海专业核心实验课程的自主性与适用性,满足了专业核心实验课程改革需求,为船海专业核心实验课程改革提供指南。

论北方海航道开发前景:气候、海运与破冰船

随着全球气候不断变暖,北极冰川融化加剧,北方海航道海域冰层日趋缩小和变薄,为北方海航道开发提供了历史性机遇。全球化趋势下,国际货物贸易飞速发展,国际海运尤其是欧亚大陆间海运活动昌盛,传统南方航道面临压力,为北方海航道开发提供了现实需求。破冰船自出现以来,不断迭代升级,在动力、船体设计、船体材料、辅助设备等方面飞速发展,破冰能力不断提高,为北方海航道开发提供了技术可能。近年来北方海航道的开发取得飞速发展,而且俄罗斯仍在加大对北方海航道的开发力度,但北方海航道开发也面临国际合作环境恶化、资金投入大、经济性不强等问题。整体而言,在气候变暖、海运需求旺盛和破冰船技术不断发展的大背景下,长期来看,北方海航道开发的前景仍十分广阔。

基于“三全育人”理念的船舶与海洋工程专业思政教学改革探索

中国教育进入新时代,海洋强国战略对船舶与海洋工程专业的人才培养提出育人育才双要求。目前,高校船舶与海洋工程专业课程思政教学改革研究较少,该文讨论课程思政的教学现状,整理船舶与海洋工程专业思政元素,建立全员、全程、全方位思政教学模式,以期为高等院校的船舶与海洋工程专业思政教学改革提供参考借鉴。

Using MAN and Coastal AERONET Measurements to Assess the Suitability of MODIS C6.1 Aerosol Optical Depth for Monitoring Changes from Increased Arctic Shipping

Collocated data of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MO-DIS) Collection 6.1 aerosol optical depths (AOD) at 3 km × 3 km north of 59.9°N over ocean were assessed at 550 nm by aerosol robotic network (AERONET) data from coastal sites and marine aerosol network (MAN) data from vessels during June to October 2006 to 2018. Typically, MODIS AOD was higher at low and lower at high values than the AERONET AOD. Discrepancies were largest for sites where the Earth’s surface around the site is very heterogeneous (Canadian Archipelago, coast of Greenland). Due to the higher likelihood for sea-ice, MAN and MODIS AOD differed stronger west of Greenland and over the Beaufort Sea than at location in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas and Atlantic. MODIS AOD well captured the inter-seasonal variability found in the AERONET AOD data (R = 0.933). At all sites, MO-DIS and AERONET AOD agreement improved as time progressed in the shipping season, hinting at errors in sea-ice vs. open water classification. Overall 75.3% of the MODIS AOD data fell within the limits of the error envelops of the AERONET/MAN AOD data with MAN ranging between 87.5% and 100%. Changes in both MODIS and AERONET mean AOD between two periods of same length (2006-2011, 2013-2018) were explainable by changes in emissions for all sites.

基于先导发展模型的船舶直击雷防护分析方法

大型船舶平台搭载的精密仪器和探测装置相对其他设备高度较高,有尖端突起且抗干扰性较差,是海面上明显的突出物,雷电防护成为现代船舶重要的研究内容。本文提出一种基于海洋复杂环境改进Wiesmann-Zeller(WZ)模型概率发展函数的船舶雷电防护分析方法,建立了海面雷电先导发展模型,以大型远洋调查船为对象,研究其雷击点的概率分布,并结合船舶特点进行了多避雷针的分析计算。基于本文提出的模型,通过Matlab软件模拟雷击船舶过程,揭示了防护范围、效果与避雷针位置、数量高度之间的关系,对比分析了不同避雷针数量和避雷针高度下的雷击概率和防护效果,验证了三针不等高为最优方案,能够指导和完善实际工程实践,保证船舶雷电防护效果的充分发挥。

远洋船舶尾气碳捕集技术及发展趋势研究

二氧化碳(CO_(2))作为主要的温室气体,减排的迫切性日益凸显,一系列国际航运碳减排措施已逐步进入强制执行阶段。碳捕集技术被认为是最直接有效的碳减排技术。然而,船舶尾气碳捕集技术的研究和应用还处于起步阶段,亟需大量深入的针对性研究。因此,针对远洋船舶的尾气碳捕集技术及其发展趋势进行了探讨。首先,介绍船舶尾气碳捕集技术的背景及现状,对当前工业源尾气处理方案及主流的碳捕集技术进行分析和研究。其次,量化国际海事组织对航运业的碳排放要求,对比各种碳减排技术在船舶领域中的可行性和适用性,详细研究了远洋船舶使用碳捕集技术的影响因素与面临的挑战,包括技术要求、技术成本、设备可靠性、能源消耗、二次污染等。最后,结合历史数据和未来趋势预测,对远洋船舶尾气碳捕集技术的发展趋势做出展望,并提出改进方法,以帮助减少船舶排放的碳足迹。

船用钛合金及铬涂层抗烧蚀性能研究

在海洋船舶使用期间,船用零件长时间在热烧蚀环境中工作,导致其使用寿命显著缩短。该文介绍一种用于船用零件的新型钛合金材料,并在表面镀铬。根据船舶工作环境的特点,进行激光烧蚀实验。在此基础上,通过观察铬涂层和钛合金基体在高温下的烧蚀行为,探讨其烧蚀失效的原因,并比较其他材料的抗烧蚀性能。采用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱仪研究钛合金基体和铬涂层的表面形貌。得出以下结论,在激光烧蚀实验中,钛合金基体表面产生一个大而深的烧蚀坑,在烧蚀坑的中心区域光滑平整,但伴有大量裂纹,边缘区域形成厚厚的氧化物堆积,虽然激光烧蚀下涂层的烧蚀坑较浅,但不仅烧蚀坑中心区域出现裂纹,还出现大量黑色空洞,烧蚀坑边缘区域也有氧化物堆积,但堆积的厚度不如钛合金形成的厚度厚。通过以上实验证明,铬在船用零部件外部保护中的有效性可以大大延长船舶部件的使用寿命。

基于逆向管理的远洋船舶船员情绪风险控制模型设计

在“一带一路”发展背景下,为了克服远洋船舶航运船员的情绪风险带来的负面后果,通过逆向管理方法对远洋船员的各种情绪风险进行了分析,研究发现,管理者对于船舶的科学管理处于首要位置,其次招聘和培训合格的船员有利于克服情绪风险,另外增加沟通和设置娱乐活动也是克服情绪风险的有力支撑。对中国国际贸易船舶物流安全管理具有积极意义,在一定程度上丰富了远洋船员心理学的研究,对“一带一路”繁荣发展和中华民族伟大复兴具有添砖加瓦的重要作用。

美国《2022年航运改革法》服务合同最低要求规则研究

美国总统拜登于2022年6月13日签署了美国《2022年航运改革法》,这一法案是针对美国航运运价高居不下推出的救济手段。法案以本国货主利益为导向,采取严格紧缩的航运管理制度,其中,法案赋予美国联邦海事委员会制定服务合同最低要求与必要基本条款的权利,此项条款将会对船货双方间服务合同自由订立、船货双方的合同履行与违约责任的确立乃至国际班轮运输带来深远影响。

航线网络仿真模型在远洋运输中的应用

针对航运业长期存在的提升船舶运输效率和控制船舶运营成本的问题,基于AnyLogic仿真平台,结合代理人基模型(Agent-Based Model,ABM)和离散事件模拟(Discrete Event Simulation,DES)方法,考虑船舶出港、海上航行、到港装卸货和燃料加注等环节,建立航线网络仿真模型。通过单船-单线案例试验和船队-航线网络优化试验验证该模型的有效性,结果表明:通过优化航速和燃料策略,能显著降低船舶运输成本及其对环境的影响;该模型能模拟和应对市场波动及突发事件,提升航运公司的突发事件应急响应能力和市场适应性。研究结果可为航运企业解决船舶营运问题提供新的视角和方案,对航运企业决策模式的发展产生积极影响。

基于改进DQN算法的考虑船舶配载图的翻箱问题研究

为了满足船舶配载图的要求,减少场桥翻箱次数,提高码头运行效率,对考虑船舶配载图的集装箱翻箱问题进行了研究。此问题是在传统集装箱翻箱问题的基础上,又考虑到船舶配载图对翻箱的影响。为了求解此问题的最小翻箱次数,设计了DQN算法进行求解,同时为了提高算法求解的性能,又在原算法的基础上设计了基于启发式算法的阈值和全新的奖励函数以改进算法。通过与其它文献中的实验结果进行对比,结果显示:在计算结果上,改进的DQN算法在各个算例上的结果均优于目前各个启发式算法的最优结果,并且规模越大,结果越好;在训练时间上,改进的DQN算法极大的优于未改进的DQN算法,并且规模越大,节省的时间也更显著。

一体化运营的钦州自动化码头海铁联运发展

针对多式联运建设过程中铁路与港口最后1 km迟迟不能打通的问题,以钦州港自动化码头海铁联运为实践案例,分析了海铁联运现状和推进过程中数据不通、运输规则不同等困难。基于海运与铁路2套不同的运行机制特点,采用实证研究法和个案研究法,提出先实现物理区域合并、堆场资源共享,再打破信息壁垒、实现信息系统融合,最终实现统一调度、业务融合的一体化运营的分步式推进路径。研究成果可为其他港口海铁联运建设提供借鉴。

基于船载无人机的海洋广域通信系统设计

无人系统的快速发展促进了海洋观测技术快速更新迭代。在海洋多尺度动力过程等研究中,各无人系统海上观测信息需要有海洋广域通信系统来保障。以母船为搭载平台,无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)为通信中继,批量化搭载无人艇(Unmanned Surface Vehicle,USV)等设备作业的海洋观测方法是一种新的研究海洋多尺度动力过程的方法。根据母船、UAV、USV在观测系统中的作业定位,分析了无人系统作业的通信需求,设计了1400 MHz+800 MHz的AB网海上通信系统,实现了USV与母船的直接通信、以UAV为通信中继的广域通信和空中接力,达到了USV艇体、视频、作业数据信息传输的目的。该方案具有广域、自组网、高可靠的特点,满足母船批量化搭载无人系统装备海洋观测作业的需求。