Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied cat...Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disc burners were located in the combustion domain and the experiments were accomplished under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ø</span></span></i>) of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners w<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">as</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> scrutinized via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along with the flames. The RSM and ANN methods investigated the effect of the two operating parameters namely (<i>r</i>), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (<i>x</i>), axial distance along with the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and predicted the corresponding temperatures beside predicting the maximum temperature and the corresponding input process variables. A three</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">layered Feed Forward Neural Network was developed in conjugation with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) transfer function and an optimized topology of 2:10:1 (input neurons:hidden neurons:output neurons). Also the ANN method has been exploited to illustrate </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">effects of coded <i>R</i> and <i>X</i> input variables on the response in the three and two dimensions and to locate the predicted maximum temperature. The results indicated the superiority of ANN in the prediction capability as the ranges of & F_Ratio are 0.9181</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9809 & 634.5</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 3528.8 for RSM method compared to 0.9857</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9951 & 7636.4</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 24</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">028.4 for ANN method beside lower values </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">for error analysis terms.</span>展开更多
目的运用动量参数探讨老年人执行身体前倾动作时,年龄差异对动态平衡机制的影响。方法16位健康老年人为老年组,16位健康大学生为年轻组,组内男女各半。受试者站立于测力板上,随机进行自然站立与双脚并拢的前倾动作各10次,并以5台红外线...目的运用动量参数探讨老年人执行身体前倾动作时,年龄差异对动态平衡机制的影响。方法16位健康老年人为老年组,16位健康大学生为年轻组,组内男女各半。受试者站立于测力板上,随机进行自然站立与双脚并拢的前倾动作各10次,并以5台红外线摄影机同步纪录;以MATLAB计算质心线动量与角动量,并以SPSS进行检验。结果执行身体前倾动作时的动态平衡能力,老年人与年轻人在不同支撑面下的质心线动量和角动量存在显著差异(P<0.05);线动量与角动量显著相关(r=0.947),且与压力中心偏离度(r=0.877 vs 0.720)、质心偏离度(r=0.923 vs 0.814)、倾斜角(r=0.671 vs 0.557)等参数呈正相关,而与安全限界(r=-0.819 vs-0.695)呈负相关。结论利用动量参数可以作为评价老年人动态平衡的手段,而促进老年人动态平衡提升,应以训练动态稳定极限位置的质心速度控制能力为优先考虑。展开更多
文摘Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disc burners were located in the combustion domain and the experiments were accomplished under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ø</span></span></i>) of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners w<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">as</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> scrutinized via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along with the flames. The RSM and ANN methods investigated the effect of the two operating parameters namely (<i>r</i>), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (<i>x</i>), axial distance along with the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and predicted the corresponding temperatures beside predicting the maximum temperature and the corresponding input process variables. A three</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">layered Feed Forward Neural Network was developed in conjugation with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) transfer function and an optimized topology of 2:10:1 (input neurons:hidden neurons:output neurons). Also the ANN method has been exploited to illustrate </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">effects of coded <i>R</i> and <i>X</i> input variables on the response in the three and two dimensions and to locate the predicted maximum temperature. The results indicated the superiority of ANN in the prediction capability as the ranges of & F_Ratio are 0.9181</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9809 & 634.5</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 3528.8 for RSM method compared to 0.9857</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9951 & 7636.4</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 24</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">028.4 for ANN method beside lower values </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">for error analysis terms.</span>
文摘目的运用动量参数探讨老年人执行身体前倾动作时,年龄差异对动态平衡机制的影响。方法16位健康老年人为老年组,16位健康大学生为年轻组,组内男女各半。受试者站立于测力板上,随机进行自然站立与双脚并拢的前倾动作各10次,并以5台红外线摄影机同步纪录;以MATLAB计算质心线动量与角动量,并以SPSS进行检验。结果执行身体前倾动作时的动态平衡能力,老年人与年轻人在不同支撑面下的质心线动量和角动量存在显著差异(P<0.05);线动量与角动量显著相关(r=0.947),且与压力中心偏离度(r=0.877 vs 0.720)、质心偏离度(r=0.923 vs 0.814)、倾斜角(r=0.671 vs 0.557)等参数呈正相关,而与安全限界(r=-0.819 vs-0.695)呈负相关。结论利用动量参数可以作为评价老年人动态平衡的手段,而促进老年人动态平衡提升,应以训练动态稳定极限位置的质心速度控制能力为优先考虑。