载脂蛋白E敲除(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠整装(whole-mount)主动脉免疫荧光组织化学染色的血管外膜淋巴管成像

目的 探索载脂蛋白E敲除(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠整装(whole-mount)主动脉免疫荧光组织化学染色法显示血管外膜淋巴管的可行性。方法 制备ApoE^(-/-)小鼠整装主动脉,进行淋巴管内皮受体1(LYVE1)、 α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)免疫荧光组织化学染色,染色后组织经5 g/L苏丹黑B处理30 min、组织透明液透明,移至自制的样本容器中,荧光显微镜下成像。结果经5 g/L苏丹黑B处理的整装主动脉可见血管自发荧光显著降低,外膜淋巴管的特异性荧光强度显著增强,更易观察且不会对其他通道荧光产生干扰。结论 建立的ApoE^(-/-)小鼠整装主动脉免疫荧光组织化学染色显示血管外膜淋巴管的方法操作简便,特异性好。

Volcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies from Mounts Cameroon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Africa: A Comparative Analysis

Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.

Conceptual design of automobile engine rubber mounting composite using TRIZ-Morphological chart-analytic network process technique

An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments environment such as heat and massive vibration due to road conditions, the engine rubber mountings lifespan has been reduced. Thus several studies have been conducted to upgrade the material lifespan to make it more reliable and better engine mounting components. This paper presents the conceptual design of kenaf fiber polymer as automotive engine rubber mounting composites using the integration of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). In this early stage, the solution is generated using 40 inventive principles and TRIZ contradiction method. The solution parameter for the specific design character is the selected using the morphological chart to develop a systematic conceptual design for the component. Four(4) innovative design concepts were produced and Analytic Network Process(ANP)methods were utilized to perform the multi-criteria decision-making process of selecting the best concept design for the polymer composite engine rubber mounting component.

Decoupling Analysis for a Powertrain Mounting System with a Combination of Hydraulic Mounts

The existing torque roll axis(TRA) decoupling theories for a powertrain mounting system assume that the stiffness and viscous damping properties are constant. However, real-life mounts exhibit considerable spectrally varying stiffness and damping characteristics, and the influence of the spectrally-varying properties of the hydraulic mounts on the powertrain system cannot be ignored. To overcome the deficiency, an analytical quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount and the coupled properties of the powertrain and hydraulic mounts system are formulated. The influence of the hydraulic mounts on the TRA decoupling of a powertrain system is analytically examined in terms of eigensolutions, frequency, and impulse responses, and then a new analytical axiom is proposed based on the TRA decoupling indices. With the experimental setup of a fixed decoupler hydraulic mount in the context of non-resonant dynamic stiffness testing procedure, the quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount is verified by comparing the predictions with the measurement. And the quasi-linear formulation of the coupled system is also verified by comparing the frequency responses with the numerical results obtained by the direct inversion method. Finally, the mounting system with a combination of hydraulic mounts is redesigned in terms of the stiffness, damping and mount locations by satisfying the new axiom. The frequency and time domain results of the redesigned system demonstrate that the torque roll axis of the redesigned powertrain mounting system is indeed decoupled in the presence of hydraulic mounts (given oscillating torque or impulsive torque excitation). The proposed research provides an important basis and method for the research on a powertrain system with spectrally-varying mount properties, especially for the TRA decoupling.

Optimization Design and Performance Analysis of Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System

The design strategies for powertrain mounting systems play an important role in the reduction of vehicular vibration and noise. As stiffness and damping elements connecting the transmission system and vehicle body, the rubber mount exhibits better vibration isolation performance than the rigid connection. This paper presents a complete design process of the mounting system, including the vibration decoupling, vibration simulation analysis, topology optimization, and experimental verification. Based on the 6?degrees?of?freedom vibration coupling model of the powertrain mounting system, an optimization algorithm is used to extract the best design parameters of each mount, thus rendering the mounting system fully decoupled and the natural frequency well configured, and the optimal parameters are used to design the mounting system. Subsequently, vibration simulation analysis is applied to the mounting system, considering both transmission and road excitations. According to the results of finite element analysis, the topological structure of the metal frame of the front mount is optimized to improve the strength and dynamic characteristics of the mounting system. Finally, the vibration bench test is used to verify the availability of the optimization design with the analysis of acceleration response and vibration transmissibility of the mounting system. The results show that the vibration isolation performance of the mounting system can be improved effectively using the vibration optimal decoupling method, and the structural modification of the metal frame can well promote the dynamic characteristics of the mounting system.

An improved loopless mounting method for cryocrystallography

Based on a recent loopless mounting method, a simplified loopless and bufferless crystal mounting method is developed for macromolecular crystallography. This simplified crystal mounting system is composed of the following components： a home-made glass capillary, a brass seat for holding the glass capillary, a flow regulator, and a vacuum pump for evacuation. Compared with the currently prevalent loop mounting method, this simplified method has almost the same mounting procedure and thus is compatible with the current automated crystal mounting system. The advantages of this method include higher signal-to-noise ratio, more accurate measurement, more rapid flash cooling, less x-ray absorption and thus less radiation damage to the crystal. This method can be extended to the flash-freeing of a crystal without or with soaking it in a lower concentration of cryoprotectant, thus it may be the best option for data collection in the absence of suitable cryoprotectant. Therefore, it is suggested that this mounting method should be further improved and extensively applied to eryocrystallographic experiments.

Hierarchical planning for a surface mounting machine placement

For a surface mounting machine (SMM) in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly line, there are four problems, e.g. CAD data conversion, nozzle selection, feeder assignment and placement sequence determination. A hierarchical planning for them to maximize the throughput rate of an SMM is presented here. To minimize set-up time, a CAD data conversion system was first applied that could automatically generate the data for machine placement from CAD design data files. Then an effective nozzle selection approach was implemented to minimize the time of nozzle changing. And then, to minimize picking time, an algorithm for feeder assignment was used to make picking multiple components simultaneously as much as possible. Finally, in order to shorten pick-and-place time, a heuristic algorithm was used to determine optimal component placement sequence according to the decided feeder positions. Experiments were conducted on a four head SMM. The experimental results were used to analyse the assembly line performance.

Application of A New Anchor Cable Mounting Rod in the Lower Soft Coal Seam of Splitting and Merging Coal

To obtain the deep displacement of the coal seam in the working face,multi-point displacements were installed in the coal seam, but the installation of multi-point displacement is differen tunder different geological conditions. This paper is based on the splitting and merging of 7_1 coal and 7_2 coal in Huaibei Mining(Group) Co., Ltd., and analyzes properties of the roof andcoal in the 7_2 coal of the lower coal seam of bifurcation area, and calculates the damage depth of the floor in the process of 7_1 coal mining. The multi-point displacement meter installation is often challenged by hole collapse, stuck pole and broken installation rod in 7_2 coal of the soft coal seam of bifurcation area, as a result, the base points can't be installed in the specified location. In view of this, this paper adopts a new anchor cable mounting rod which can install the whole base points to the specified location without stuck pole or broken mounting stem. All the basic displacement data can be obtained, and the law of mine pressure appearance in stope and tunnel can be accurately controlled, which can be used to maintain the stability of roadway and the safety of stope.

Clinical observation of Hot Compress and Mounting Medicine Method

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Optomechanical Design for Precision Lens Positioning and Mounting

The proper choice of optomechanical components along with alignment techniques is vital to the successful implementation of lens positioning and mounting. In general, there is a trade-off between lens positioning accuracy and manufacturing cost. In order to achieve optimal precision- to-cost ratio, a careful optomechanical design together with accurate alignment and assembly is necessary. This paper presents a lens positioning and mounting in a few microns accuracy using a kinematic mount module. The optomechanical design of the kinematic mount module and the associated fixtures based on the simulation study of components sensitivity are presented. The processes for alignment and assembly, which separate decenter from tip-tilt, are developed and presented. Finally, the prototypes are created and testing results are presented. The optomechanical design that allows the separation of decenter from tip-tilt considerably simplifies the positioning and assembly process and reduces the cost for mass production.

Variations of extreme temperature in the Mount Qomolangma region in China during 1971-2020

According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China have been analyzed using statistical methods.The extreme temperature indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization are selected to describe the extreme temperature event.The RClimDEX 1.0 software is used to calculate the extreme temperature indices.There are no tropical nights,and just three summer days at the last 50 years.The frost days are the main extreme temperature events all year round.The temperature in the north slope is more extreme than that in the south slope of the Mount Qomolangma.There is remarkable decadal variation for the extreme temperature indices except diurnal temperature range.There are the warm extremes increasing,however,the cold extremes decreasing with the decadal lapse,which is more remarkable into the 21^(th) century.The tendencies for the extreme temperature indices in the north slope are consistent with those in the south slope.There are statistically significant trends for most extreme temperature indices during the study period.It shows that the warm extremes would be more prominent in the future with the global continued warming.The abrupt changes of the extreme temperature index have occurred mainly in the 20^(th) century especially from the mid to late 1980s and 1990s.The periodic changes in the south slope do not synchronize those in the north slope for the most extreme temperature indices.It is different for most extreme temperature indices between the south and north slope,which has demonstrated that the regional or local changes are not neglectable for extreme temperature research.The results of this study are also the consistent response of extreme temperature event to the global warming.

Cavefish mount a rapid and sustained regenerative response following skeletal muscle injury

Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective advantage.In most vertebrates,skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate,making it a valuable model for investigating the cellular processes underpinning tissue regeneration.Following damage,skeletal muscle mounts a complex regenerative cascade centered around dedicated muscle stem cells,i.e.,satellite cells.These satellite cells are,in turn,regulated by both resident and infiltrating innate immune cells of myeloid lineage,which play a crucial role in activating and guiding the transition of satellite cells towards maturation(Chen et al.,2020;Tidball,2017;Tidball&Villalta,2010).While critical for muscle regeneration,the innate immune system is energetically costly,resulting in many species decreasing immune investment under nutrient-limited environments.Whether this reduced investment results in a decreased capacity to mount a regenerative response following tissue damage remains unclear.Here,we utilized an emerging evolutionary model,the Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus),to investigate the consequences of shifts in immune system investment on skeletal muscle regeneration.

Petrochemical Studies of Fouimba and Goma Mounts, Central-West of Cote d’Ivoire: Implication on Petrogenesis Tectonic Setting

Petrogeochemical analysis of mafic rocks of Fouimba and Goma Mount in the Séguéla region (central-western Côte d’Ivoire) is the subject of this study. This analysis combines remote sensing, geophysics, petrography and geochemistry, in order to determine the major characteristics of the mafic formations in the said area, and above all to participate in the detailed mapping of all the Ivorian terrains. The mafic formations encountered in this region are essentially metatonalites to metadiorites, amphibolites, amphibole bearing pyroxenites and porphyry basalts. Chemical analysis indicates that these mafic formations are tonalitic to monzonitic. They are thought to have derived from mantle depleted magmas.

Mounting Platform The Second China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo has special missions to accomplish

The Second China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo(CAETE)in Changsha,capital city of central China’s Hunan Province,is poised to maximize cooperation opportunities between China and Africa at a time when COVID-19 is hampering international interactions.

The Art of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Mounting

The history of Chinese painting and calligraphy mounting can date back to the Warring States period(475-221 BC).This unique craftsmanship saw its heydays in

Identification of major sources controlling groundwater geochemistry in Mount Makabaï in the Far-North of Cameroon(the northernmost part of the Pan-African Belt)

The present work focuses on the volcanic basement rock geochemistry of Mount Makabaï(MarouaCameroon city)in relation to groundwater geochemistry.Investigations were centered on an approach involving an association of several methods such as geological cartography,hydrogeology,and geochemistry.Three rock samples,four disturbed soil samples,three undisturbed soil samples,and 20 samples of groundwater in 10 wells were collected during fieldwork and prepared for laboratory analyses.Bedrocks exhibit porphyritic,aphyric,and subaphiric textures.The phenocryst phases are mainly olivine,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase.Based on whole rock major element chemical compositions,the Makabaï samples,plotted on Na_(2)O+K_(2)O versus SiO_(2)diagram,are mugearite,hawaiite,and basalt.The ratio of(MgO+CaO)/(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)exceeds unity and shows dominance of alkaline Earth metals(MgO:2.99-4.48%;CaO:6.19-9.80%)relatively to alkali metals(Na_(2)O:2.27-4.46%;K_(2)O:2.09-2.51%).Exchangeable base contents are high,mostly represented by Ca and Mg,whose contents vary from 14.6 to 35.28 cmol(+)kg^(-1)and from 3.28 to9.48 cmol(+)kg^(-1)respectively.The CECclayis likewise high,fluctuating between 116.80 and181.38 cmol(+)kg^(-1),values in line with the presence of 2:1 clay minerals represented in the study area by montmorillonite.In the water samples,the Ca2+and Na+contents are generally higher than K^(+)and Mg^(2+),reflecting the relative abundance of Na_(2)O and CaO oxides to K_(2)O and MgO oxides in rocks where different waters were sampled.The waters of Makabaï are acidic to neutral(6.3≤pH≤7.4)and weakly to highly mineralized(110.0≤EC≤1190.0μS/cm).Hydro-geochemical classification by using the Piper diagram revealed two water types:(1)CaMg-HCO_(3)(40%)and(2)CaMg-Cl or CaMg-SO4(60%).The average content of ions in all the analyzed samples was HCO_(3)^(-)>>NO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl-for anions and Ca^(2+)>>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)for cations.Major mechanisms governing ionic constituents of groundwater in the study area are water-rock interactions,silicate weathering,and ion exchange.

Soil Organic Carbon Stock and Soil Quality under Four Major Agroecosystems in the Eastern Flank of Mount Bambouto (West-Cameroon)

Assessing soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) and soil quality (SQ) helps design better agricultural practices to improve environmental sustainability and productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess SOCS and soil quality SQ in the main agroecosystems (AES) of the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto (West, Cameroon). Using multiple statistics tests and principal component analysis (PCA), SOCS and Soil Quality Index (SQI) were computed for each AES. SOCS and SQI were computed based on soil chemical properties and analysis of variance. Topsoil samples (0 - 30 cm) were collected in a different AES and analyzed in the laboratory. The four AES identified and selected are cultivated land (CL), forest areas (FA), mixed areas (MA), and bush areas (BA). Further, multiple comparison tests were used to compare soils from different AES. PCA was used to select the most appropriate indicators that control SOCS and SQ. Several soil properties showed high to very high coefficient of variation within the AES. Organic matter (OM) was significantly high in FA. SOCS and SQ differ significantly (p = 0.000) between the AES. The study further indicates that the main variables controlling SQ within the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto are OM, pHw, N, C/N, and CEC. While the main soil parameters controlling SOCS are OM, OC, BD, C/N, S, and pHKCl.

Exploration of the Construction of the National Scenic Byway around Mount Tai

On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and foreign research situation of scenic byways were summarized,and the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai were analyzed.Besides,the route selection,function orientation,construction of supporting facilities,marketing management and construction projects were discussed.Finally,it is pointed out that the construction experience of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai will be used for the construction of national scenic byways in other provinces and autonomous regions,and the national scenic byway around Mount Tai and other national scenic byways will be connected to form the national scenic byway network.It is proposed that relevant departments of the state should formulate national standards,laws and regulations for scenic byways to regulate the construction and development of scenic byways.

Research on the Exploitation of Study Tour Resources in Mount Taishan

Mount Taishan in Taian Prefecture of Shandong Province has rich study tour resources,but its development efforts are extremely disproportionate to its status as one of the five unique mountains.Through analyzing study tour in the context of its development and study tour resources in Mount Taishan,and based on the in-depth analysis of the existing problems,the proposals for the development of resources were put forward:highlight the main line and enrich the study activities to create study bases around Mount Taishan;improve the study services through the research and development of special products;expand the publicity to promote the educational products and research products.