人工法off-line HDF对血液透析充分性和高同型半胱氨酸血症的影响

目的探究人工法off-line HDF对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析充分性、高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)的影响。方法随机选取2021至2023年于南昌大学第一附属高新医院血液透析中心稳定透析6个月以上的MHD患者30例,进行单中心自身对照研究,时长6个月。前3个月维持每周2次高通量血液透析(HFHD)联合1次on-line HDF,后3个月维持每周2次人工法off-line HDF联合1次on-line HDF。于研究第3个月、第6个月时用全自动生化分析仪检测透析前后血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2MG)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、白蛋白(Alb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血红蛋白(Hb)、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、磷(P)、钾(K)水平;计算血清尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、尿素下降率(URR)和β2MG清除率。结果人工法off-line HDF模式透析的Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率均较显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05);人工法off-lineHDF模式透析Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率达到透析充分的百分率分别为83.33%、83.33%和93.33%,均显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05)。与HFHD模式透析时相比,人工法off-lineHDF模式透析结束后,患者透析前Hcy水平降低,Alb水平升高(P<0.05)。结论人工法off-line HDF模式透析可显著增加Kt/V、URR和β2MG清除率,提高MHD患者的透析充分性达标率,且对HHcy具有改善作用。

Impact of Sedation Protocols on Elderly Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation and Off-Line Weaning

The proportion of elderly patients in intensive care is increasing, and a significant proportion of them require mechanical ventilation. How to implement safe and effective mechanical ventilation for elderly patients, and when appropriate off-line is an important issue in the field of critical care medicine. Appropriate sedation can improve patient outcomes, but excessive sedation may lead to prolonged mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of complications. Elderly patients should be closely monitored and evaluated on an individual basis while offline, and the sedation regimen should be dynamically adjusted. This requires the healthcare team to consider the patient’s sedation needs, disease status, and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug to arrive at the best strategy. Although the current research has provided valuable insights and strategies for sedation and off-line management, there are still many problems to be further explored and solved.

Effects of on-line solution and off-line heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy

The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.

分布式水文-土壤-植被模式的改进及气候水文Off-line模拟试验

文中对引进的高分辨率 (94 2 .5m× 94 2 .5m)分布式水文 土壤 植被模式 (DHSVM) ,针对海、滦河流域的特点进行了改进 ,主要包括 :(1)改变蒸散发模拟方法 ,用改进的Penman Monteith模式模拟海滦河流域的蒸发 ,较好地模拟出 1a内的两个峰值 ,最大值出现在 4～ 6月 ,次大值出现在 7～ 8月 ;(2 )改变水文模式结构 ,用多站点气候观测资料内插到模式网格点 ,充分实现了分布式水文模拟 ;(3)发展新的水文、植被、土壤参数化方案 ,对 33个参数分区计算和确定 ,并重点对土壤孔隙度 φ、土壤蓄水能力θfc、叶面指数LAI、随机阻抗γs 等 11个参数进行调试和修订 ,提高了水文模拟精度。用改进的DHSVM模式分别对滦河、桑干河流域蒸散发、地下水位、土壤湿度、土壤水下渗、产流、汇流与径流等水文过程进行Off line模拟试验 ,模拟结果与实测值一致性较好 ,滦河流域 1979～ 1991年、桑干河流域 1979～ 1987年水文模拟效率系数分别为 0 .89和 0 .82 。

A Land Surface Model(IAP94) for Climate Studies PartI:Formulation and Validation in Off-line Experiments

The IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) land-surface model (IAP94) is described. This model is a comprehensive one with detailed description for the processes of vegetation, snow and soil. Particular attention has been paid to the cases with three water phases in the surface media. On the basis of the mixture theory and the theory of fluid dynamics of porous media, the system of universal conservational equations for water and heat of soil, snow and vegetation canopy has been constructed. On this background, all important factors that may affect the water and heat balance in media can be considered naturally, and each factor and term possess distinct physical meaning. In the computation of water content and temperature, the water phase change and the heat transportation by water flow are taken into account. Moreover, particular attention has been given to the water vapor diffusion in soil for arid or semi-arid cases, and snow compaction. In the treatment of surface turbulent fluxes, the difference between aerodynamic and thermal roughness is taken into account. The aerodynamic roughness of vegetation is calculated as a function of canopy density, height and zero-plane displacement. An extrapolation of log linear and exponential relationship is used when calculating the wind profile within canopy. The model has been validated against field measurements in off-line simulations. The desirable model′s performance leads to the conclusion that the IAP94 is able to reproduce the main physical mechanisms governing the energy and water balances in the global land surface. Part II of the present study will concern the validation in a 3-D experiment coupled with the IAP Two-Level AGCM.

Designing and Optimization of an Off-line Programming System for Robotic Belt Grinding Process

Off-line programming （OLP） system becomes one of the most important programming modules for the robotic belt grinding process, however there lacks research on increasing the grinding dexterous space depending on the OLP system. A new type of grinding robot and a novel robotic belt grinding workcell are forwarded, and their features are briefly introduced. An open and object-oriented off-line programming system is developed for this robotic belt grinding system. The parameters of the trimmed surface are read from the initial graphics exchange specification （IGES） file of the CAD model of the workpiece. The deBoor-Cox basis function is used to sample the grinding target with local contact frame on the workpiece. The numerical formula of inverse kinematics is set up based on Newton＇s iterative procedure, to calculate the grinding robot configurations corresponding to the grinding targets. After the grinding path is obtained, the OLP system turns to be more effective than the teach-by-showing system. In order to improve the grinding workspace, an optimization algorithm for dynamic tool frame is proposed and performed on the special robotic belt grinding system. The initial tool frame and the interval of neighboring tool frames are defined as the preparation of the algorithm. An optimized tool local frame can be selected to grind the complex surface for a maximum dexterity index of the robot. Under the optimization algorithm, a simulation of grinding a vane is included and comparison of grinding workspace is done before and after the tool frame optimization. By the algorithm, the grinding workspace can be enlarged. Moreover the dynamic tool frame can be considered to add one degree-of-freedom to the grinding kinematical chain, which provides the theoretical support for the improvement of robotic dexterity for the complex surface grinding.

An off-line simulation of land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau

In order to further understand the land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau, this study produced an off-line simulated examination at the Bujiao site on the northern Tibetan Plateau from June 2002 to April 2004, using the Noah Land Surface Model （Noah LSM） and observed data from the CAMP/Tibet experiment. The observed data were neces- sarily corrected and the number of soil layers in the Noah LSM was changed from 4 to 10 to enable this off-line simulation and analysis. The main conclusions are as follows： the Noah LSM performed well on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The simulated net radiation, upward longwave radiation, and upward shortwave radiation demonstrated the same remarkable annual and seasonal variation as the observed data, especially the upward longwave radiation. The simulated soil temperatures were acceptably close to the observed temperatures, especially in the shallow soil layers. The simulated freezing and melting processes were shown to start from the surface soil layer and spread down to the deep soil layers, but they took longer than the observed processes. However, Noah LSM did not adequately simulate the soil moisture. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term observations of land surface-atmosphere processes over the Tibetan Plateau will be a key factor in proper adiustments of the model parameters in the future.

Off-line simulation of robot welding of radar pedestal

A study of the interference simulation based on robot welding of the radar pedestal was carried out by using the KUKA Sim Pro simulation software and off-line program technology. Compared with the actual robot welding process, it was found that the trajectory of the simulated robot welding process in line with that recorded in the actual welding process, and the actual limit and interference appeared at the same place as the simulation process. There was no interference phenomenon on the outside weld-seam; on the internal weld-seam, especially on the weld-joint of support plate connected to the cylinder, a phenomenon of interference appeared. It was helpful to use the simulation method to guide the actual robot welding so as to protect robot from impacting and reduce the weld defects.

A word level segmentation for off-line Arabic characters

Segmentation of cursive text has been one of the major problems in Arabic writing. The problem is the shape of the letter which is context sensitive, depending on it’s location within a word. Many text recognition systems recognize text imagery at the character level and assemble words from the recognized characters. Unfortunately this approach does not work with Arabic text. In this paper we describe a new approach to segment Arabic text imagery at a word level, without analyzing individual characters. This approach avoids the problem of individual characters segmentation, and can overcome local errors in character recognition.

Study on path planning and compensation of off-line programming for thick walled curve welding

Thick walled curve welding are usually joined by multi-layer and multi-pass welding, which quality and efficiency could be improved by off-line programming of robot welding. However, the precision of off-line programming welding path was decreased due to the deviation between the off-line planned welding path and the actual welding path. A path planning algorithm and a path compensation algorithm of multi-layer and multi-pass curve welding seam for off-line programming of robot welding are developed in this paper. Experimental results show that the robot off-line programming improves the welding efftcieney and precision for thick walled curve welding seam.

SPECTRAL TECHNIQUES FOR OFF-LINE TESTING AND DIAGNOSIS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS

In this paper we present some of our recent results on applications of spectral techniques over finite fields to the problems of testing and diagnosis of computer systems.

一种智能化机器人焊接系统构建及离线仿真技术研究

构建了一种智能化机器人焊接系统,并对其离线仿真技术展开研究。基于3D设计完成了智能化机器人焊接系统的结构设计,该系统采用双工位V字形布局,包括机器人本体、变位机、全自动液压工装、智能除尘系统、激光传感系统等,对其关键部件的关键技术展开了研究。同时,在设计阶段及示教编程阶段引入离线仿真技术,进一步提升了本系统的智能化水平。研究成果在实际生产订单中的应用表明,较传统机器人焊接系统相比,本系统焊接质量更好、效率更高。

Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Objective: To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.Methods: The AlCl3colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti-oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase(PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.Results: Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti-oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

A novel control strategy for reproducing the floor motions of high-rise buildings by earthquake-simulating shake tables

To enable the experimental assessment of the seismic performance of full-scale nonstructural elements with multiple engineering parameters(EDPs),a three-layer testbed named Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table(NEST)has been developed.The testbed consists of three consecutive floors of steel structure.The bottom two floors provide a space to accommodate a full-scale room.To fully explore the flexibility of NEST,we propose a novel control strategy to generate the required shake table input time histories for the testbed to track the target floor motions of the buildings of interest with high accuracy.The control strategy contains two parts:an inverse dynamic compensation via simulation of feedback control systems(IDCS)algorithm and an offline iteration procedure based on a refined nonlinear numerical model of the testbed.The key aspects of the control strategy were introduced in this paper.Experimental tests were conducted to simulate the seismic responses of a full-scale office room on the 21^(st)floor of a 42-story high-rise building.The test results show that the proposed control strategy can reproduce the target floor motions of the building of interest with less than 20%errors within the specified frequency range.

汽车数字钥匙技术及生产线下线检测系统

数字钥匙是车联网的典型应用,利用智能手机替代传统的智能钥匙,建立一套车、智能手机、云端一体化的安全标准体系,通过无线通信介质建立智能手机与车端的连接,实现车辆控制、智能分享、遥控泊车高附加值应用。为了保证车辆下线时数字钥匙产品功能的合格率,需要设计一套下线检测方案,对整套系统做全流程功能及安全性验证。为此,构建了一套基于检测上位机与安全服务密码机的数字钥匙产品产线下线检测系统,并阐述了该系统的设计构成和检测执行流程。

高校物流管理混合式教学探究与改进策略——以《物流系统规划与设计》课程为例

混合式教学模式是一种新兴的教学模式,可以将传统教学和网络教学有机结合,实现线上和线下优势互补。以此可以提高物流管理的教学效果。文章以《物流系统规划与设计》课程为例,探讨了高校物流管理混合式教学的目标、实施方案、内容体系、方法策略等。研究结果表明:将线上学习与线下学习相结合、知识与能力并重、突出学生的主体地位,有助于提高教学质量和效率,为高校物流管理课程的教学改革提供借鉴。

汽车前照灯组件可靠性要求与关键试验研究

对于作为行驶“眼睛”的汽车前照灯及其组件进行耐久性和可靠性试验研究,包括:机械试验、气候试验以及试验后对应的电气要求等性能验证,有助于指导和推进我国汽车组件质量提升、产业与国际接轨和检测技术发展。本文基于国标GB/T10485等以及德系主流整车企业实际使用的供货技术规范和要求(VW80000),给出汽车前照灯组件试验中灯具的循环工作方式设定要求,进一步对机械环境试验和气候环境试验中可靠性相关的三项关键性能试验项目:振动试验、明暗截止线的稳定性和明暗截止线偏移,对于试验条件和要求进行了详尽的研究说明和解析。最后,总结阐述了汽车前照灯及组件可靠性试验研究的重要作用,并对未来汽车配件产业与国际技术接轨的路径进行了展望。

离线监测在整体式天然气压缩机组上的应用

老旧的整体式天然气压缩机组在低产井、单井上,依然发挥着重要作用。针对该系列机组累计运行时间长,跑、冒、滴、漏等问题,笔者使用西马力的离线监测系统,对老旧的整体式天然气压缩机组,现场采集了各类信号,并结合图谱分析,对机组故障部位、性能参数进行详细分析,且对机组后续的维护保养给出建议,使老旧机组的数字化管理,更加简易可行。

国六车载诊断系统发动机冷却系统监测离线标定技术应用研究

介绍了国六车载诊断(OBD)系统关于冷却系统的监测要求、诊断原理和标定目标,针对传统标定方法工作量大、标定周期长的问题,应用Simulink搭建了控制器内的冷却系统监测模型,采用离线标定方法完成了某搭载1.2 L直喷增压汽油发动机车辆的发动机冷却系统监测标定工作,离线标定结果满足开发目标,标定成本和标定周期减少2/3以上。

基于OBE的工程图学混合式教学新体系

突如其来的疫情下“停课不停学”的线上教学,使得以成果导向教育(OBE)为理念的教学存在特殊性。以《现代工程图学》课程为载体,提出突发事件下OBE在线教学应着眼于培养学生的图学素养,融入计算机实体造型。教学重点集中在整合和挖掘教学资源、依托网络教学平台和加强工程能力培养,教学过程强调以学生为中心的教学理念、加大多元化过程考核机制,拓宽制图课教学的知识面和受训面。构建了“课内与课外相结合、线上和线下相结合、理论与实践相结合”的混合式制图教学新体系。并在机自专业制图课程教学过程中加以实践,适度解决了远程教学中课堂互动性差、实践和测绘教学难以及上机实战少等问题,确保与线下课程教学质量实质等效,为工程类基础课程教学提供改革思路。