Entangling two levitated charged nanospheres through Coulomb interaction

Limited by the thermal environment, the entanglement of a massive object is extremely difficult to generate. Based on a coherent scattering mechanism, we propose a scheme to generate the entanglement of two optically levitated nanospheres through the Coulomb interaction. Two nanospheres are charged and coupled to each other through the Coulomb interaction.In this manner, the entanglement of two nanospheres is induced either under a weak/strong optomechanical coupling regime or under an ultra-strong optomechanical coupling regime. The charges, radius and distance of the two nanospheres are taken into consideration to enhance the Coulomb interaction, thereby achieving a higher degree of entanglement in the absence of ground-state cooling. The corresponding maximum entanglement can be attained as the dynamics of the system approaches the boundary between the steady and the unsteady regimes. This provides a useful resource for both quantum-enhanced sensing and quantum information processing, as well as a new platform for studying many-body physics.

Tunable ponderomotive squeezing induced by Coulomb interaction in an optomechanical system

We investigate the properties of the ponderomotive squeezing in an optomechanical system coupled to a charged nanomecbanical oscillator （NMO） nearby via Coulomb force. We find that the introduction of Coulomb interaction allows the generation of squeezed output light from this system. Our numerical results show that the degree of squeezing can be tuned by the Coulomb coupling strength, the power of laser, and the frequencies of NMOs. Furthermore, the squeezing generated in our approach can be used to measure the Coulomb coupling strength.

Coulombic interaction in the colloidal oriented-attachment growth of tetragonal nanorods

In this report, the analytical expression of Coulombic interaction between a spherical nanoparticle and a tetragonal nanorod is derived. To evaluate the Coulombic interaction in the oriented attachment growth of tetragonal nanorods, we analyze the correlation between the Coulombic interaction and the important growth parameters, including： nanoparticle- nanorod separation, aspect ratio of the nanorods, and surface charge density. Our work opens up the opportunity to investi-gate interparticle interactions in the oriented attachment growth of tetragonal nanorods.

Stationary entanglement between two nanomechanical oscillators induced by Coulomb interaction

We propose a scheme for entangling two nanomechanical oscillators by Coulomb interaction in an optomechanical system. We find that the steady-state entanglement of two charged nanomechanical oscillators can be obtained when the coupling between them is stronger than a critical value which relies on the detuning. Remarkably, the degree of entanglement can be controlled by the Coulomb interaction and the frequencies of the two charged Oscillators.

CNDO Studies on the Intermolecular Coulomb Interaction in TCNQ-Stack

The coulomb interaction among TCNQ- molecules in different stack structures was calculated by quantum chemistry CNDO method. The results of the calculation would be used to explain the change rule of the electricity property of the TCNQ complex very well.

Enhancing stationary entanglement between two optomechanical oscillators by Coulomb interaction with Kerr medium

We theoretically study the stationary entanglement of two charged nanomechanical oscillators coupling via Coulomb interaction in an optomechanical system with an additional Kerr medium.We show that the degree of entanglement between two nanomechanical oscillators is suppressed by Kerr interaction due to photon blockade and enhanced by Coulomb coupling strength.We also show other parameters for adjusting and obtaining entanglement,such as the driving power and the frequencies of the two oscillators,and the entanglement is robust against temperature.Our study proves a way for adjusting stationary entanglement between two optomechanical oscillators by Coulomb interaction and Kerr medium.

Effect of Intra-Dot Coulomb Interaction on Andreev Reflection in Normal-Metal/Quantum-Dot/Superconductor System

We investigate the effect of intra-dot Coulomb interaction on the Andreev reflection in a normalmetal/quantum-dot/superconductor (N-QD-S) system with multiple levels in the quantum dot, in the regime where the intra-dot interacting constant is comparable to the energy gap of superconducting lead. By using nonequilibrium Green function method, the averaged occupation of electrons in the quantum dot and the Andreev reflection (AR) current are studied. Comparing to the case of non-interacting quantum dot, the system shows significant changes for the a two-step-like behavior; and the I-Vg shows two groups of peaks, separated by U and with equal heights, where Vg is the gate voltage and U denotes the intra-dot Coulomb interaction constant. (ii) For finite bias voltage, dips, superposed V ≥ U/2, extra AR current peaks occur between the two groups of the peaks. Besides, the properties of the heights of the AR current peaks are more complicated.

Coulomb stress and gravity changes associated with the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand: Application for aftershock triggering and fault interaction process analysis

The Kaikoura earthquake on November 14,2016 is one of the largest and most complex earthquakes in New Zealand since 1947.Despite the fact that it has ruptured about 12 separate faults,triggered 2132 aftershocks within one week of the mainshock and induced considerable stress changes,few studies have been conducted to comprensively investigate the characteristics.The current study examines the horizontal and vertical displacements as well as the stress and gravity changes,aftershock distributions and also find out whether these changes affect the surrounding regions along the complex fault systems.The study covers the entire area affected by the Kaikoura event,which includes the northern part of the South Island and the southern part of the North Island.The dislocation theory was employed to evaluate the coseismic slip model on the multiple faults.The displacement results revealed that the maximum horizontal displacement is about 6 m and the vertical about 2 m,which are reasonably consistent with earlier study findings.Besides,the stress and gravity changes are quite complicated and inhomogeneous as evidenced by our coseismic model,demonstrating the complexity of the Kaikoura earthquake as well.Almost all the aftershocks are distributed in places where the stress and gravity change are found to be significant.In order to investigate the stability of our stress change models,we applied different friction coefficients and receiver fault parameters.The results justify the friction coefficient(μ=0.4)and the receiver fault parameters(230°,70°,150°)are suitable to define good stress change estimates.According to the stress change results at 15 km depth,the northern parts of the mainshock region,Hundalee fault,Humps fault and Jordan thrust areas together with the Wellington area are closer to failure and situated in a seismic risk zone.The multidimensional analysis adopted in this paper is helpful for making decisions and applications of stress and gravity change models in assessing seismic hazards.

Coulomb Interaction in Quantum Dot with a Precessing Magnetic Field

We study electronic transport through a quantum dot （QD） with a precessing magnetic field. By using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function method, formulas of local density of states （LDOS） and conductance of QD are derived self-consistently. It shows that the LDOS and conductance have obvious changes with the Coulomb blockade interaction. The intensity and angle of the magnetic field or temperatures, which reflect the mesoscopic structure of the QD are derived. The superiority of this device is that the QD can be controlled easily by the magnetic field, so it is valuable to apply in generating, manipulating and probing spin state.

Hydrogen cold plasma for synthesizing Pd/C catalysts: the effect of support-metal ion interaction

It has been found that cold plasma is a facile and environmentally benign method for synthesizing supported metal catalysts, and great efforts have been devoted to enlarging its applications. However, little work has been done to disclose the influence mechanism, which is significant for controllable synthesis. In this work, hydrogen cold plasma was adopted to synthesize a palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon （Pd/C-P） using HzPdC14 as a Pd precursor followed by calcination in hydrogen gas to remove the chlorine ions. The Pd/C-P catalyst was found to be made of larger Pd nanoparticles showing a decreased migration to the support outer surface than that prepared by the conventional thermal hydrogen reduction method （Pd/C-C）. Meanwhile, the pore diameter of the activated carbon support is small （,-~4 nm）. Therefore, Pd/C-P exhibits lower CO oxidation activity than Pd/C-C. It was proposed that the strong interaction between the activated carbon and PdC142-, and the enhanced metal-support interaction caused by hydrogen cold plasma reduction made it difficult for Pd nanoparticles to migrate to the support outer surface. The larger-sized Pd nanoparticles for Pd/C-P may be due to the Coulomb interaction resulting in the disturbance of the metal-support interaction. This work has important guiding significance for the controllable synthesis of supported metal catalysts by hydrogen cold plasma.

Earthquake triggering and delaying caused by fault interaction on Xianshuihe fault belt, southwestern China

The coseismic Coulomb stress change caused by fault interaction and its influences on the triggering and delaying of earthquake are briefly discussed. The Xianshuihe fault belt consists of Luhuo, Daofu, Kangding, Qianning and Ganzi fault. Luohuo (MS=7.6, 1973)-Kangding (MS=6.2, 1975)-Daofu (MS=6.9, 1981)-Ganzi (MS=6.0, 1982) earthquake is a seismic sequence continuous on the time axis with magnitude greater than 6.0. They occurred on the Luhuo, Kangding, Daofu and Ganzi fault, respectively. The coseismic Coulomb stress changes caused by each earthquake on its surrounding major faults and microcracks are calculated, and their effects on the triggering and delaying of the next earthquake and aftershocks are analyzed. It is shown that each earthquake of the sequence occurred on the fault segment with coseismic Coulomb stress increases caused by its predecessors, and most after-shocks are distributed along the microcracks with relatively larger coseismic Coulomb stress increases resulted from the main shock. With the fault interaction considered, the seismic potential of each segment along Xianshuihe fault belt is reassessed, and contrasted with those predicted results ignoring coseismic Coulomb stress change, the significance of fault interaction and its effect on triggering and delaying of earthquake are emphasized. It is con-cluded that fault interaction plays a very important role on seismic potential of Xianshuihe fault belt, and the maximal change of future earthquake probability on fault segment is up to 30.5%.

Analysis of Electrical Dipoles Interaction Forces as a Function of the Distance and of the Form of Electrical Force Law

Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.

Numerical Experiment for Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Electro-Magnetism with Help of a Regular Tetrahedron

Aim of this work is to try to explain, on a Rational basis, some equations of Electro-Magnetism, which are based on Experimental data. Any Electric Field can produce a Field of many small Electric Dipoles, continuously distributed in space. In a region, where the Electric Field is constant, in direction and magnitude, all the small Dipoles are parallel to the Electric Field, and are represented by a single, long, parallel to them, fixed in space, Electric Dipole, which is here called Compass. An Alternating current, in a straight Conductor, is studied, by a simple, short computer program, for step-by-step nonlinear dynamic analysis. It is found that, only an Alternating current, not a direct current, can produce an Electric Dipole, in a straight Conductor. The two above Dipoles (Compass-Conductor) are assumed with equal lengths ℓ, lying on two skew lines, perpendicular to each other, at a distance ℓ√2, thus forming, by their four ends, a Regular Tetrahedron, with side length ℓ. Repulsion, between Like Charges, obeys the simple Coulomb Electro-Static law. Whereas Interaction (Attraction or Repulsion), between Unlike Charges, obeys a more accurate Lennard-Jones law. The analysis of Dipole-Dipole (Compass-Conductor) Interaction is performed by hand calculator. The only out-of-balance forces, in the regular Tetrahedron, acting on the Rigid Conductor, are the so-called magnetic forces. Their direction is found, in a simple Rational way, with help of Regular Tetrahedron, without recoursing to a “right-hand-rule”. The proposed model is applied to 1) The force acting on an Electric Charge moving in a magnetic field. 2) The force acting on a Current carrying straight Conductor, due to a magnetic field. 3) The magnetic fields created around a Current carrying straight Conductor. In these applications, proposed model gives reasonable results. Particularly, in third application, results, obtained by proposed model, are found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding ones, obtained by an empirical formula, based on relevant Experimental observations of H.-C. Oersted and A.-M. Ampère. So, the reliability of proposed model is checked. Position and direction of magnetic field vector coincide with those of a corresponding fixed Compass of a constant Electric Field. Main point of present work is that, without introducing the concept of a magnetic field vector, by combining field of dipoles, produced by an electric field, with dipole of an alternating current carrying conductor, the magnetic forces can be determined.

Influence of Soil-Foundation Interaction Properties on Oscillations of the System “Building-Building” and “Building-Stack-Like Structure”

Seismic oscillations of the “building-building” system which is interconnected buildings built close to each other, and “building-stack-like structure” system which is adjacent and connected in different ways to existing building are considered in the paper. Different types of connections, such as dampers, including the ones suggested by the authors, are studied. Seismic impact is given as a harmonic function and various existing accelerograms, including synthesized ones. Distinctive feature of this paper from previously published ones [1] [2] is the fact that the emphasis falls on the influence of soil-foundation interaction properties, which are described using various models of load-displacement connections. Calculation results are compared in the case of representation of the building as concentrated masses and spatial systems. Ways to reduce seismic response of buildings during the earthquakes are pointed out. Results of experimental studies are given in the paper and are compared with calculations.

Electromagnetic Theory of the Nuclear Interaction

After one century of nuclear physics, its underlying fundamental laws remain a puzzle. Rutherford scattering is well known to be electric at low kinetic energy. Nobody noticed that the Rutherford scattering formula works also at high kinetic energy, needing only to replace the repulsive electric -2 exponent by the also repulsive magnetic -6 exponent. A proton attracts a not so neutral neutron as amber attracts dust. The nucleons have magnetic moments that interact as magnets, equilibrating statically the electric attraction between a proton and a not so neutral neutron. In this paper, the electromagnetic potential energies of the deuteron 2H and the α particle 4He have been calculated statically, using only electromagnetic fundamental laws and constants. Nuclear scattering and binding energy are both electromagnetic.

非线性两能级系统中的Landau-Zener-Coulomb跃迁

非线性跃迁动力学的研究是量子操控中的一个重要课题,在原子分子光物理、量子信息以及固体物理等领域都有着重要的应用.本文研究了具有粒子间相互作用两能级系统中的Landau-Zener-Coulomb跃迁动力学.结果表明,对于能级的斜率正负不同的情况,粒子间相互作用对系统跃迁动力学的影响完全不同.为正时,粒子间相互作用总是抑制能级间的非绝热跃迁,且相互作用强度越大,两能级间的非绝热跃迁越难发生.而为负时,弱相互作用会促进能级间的非绝热跃迁,在强相互作用情况下,跃迁概率会出现振荡.随着相互作用强度的增大,振荡幅度逐渐减小,能级间的非绝热跃迁受到抑制.

最近邻Coulomb相互作用对纳米石墨带铁磁基态的影响

基于Peierls-extended Hubbard模型,采用Hartree-Fock近似,研究了最近邻Coulomb相互作用V对纳米石墨带铁磁基态稳定性的影响.结果表明,当V增大到某一临界值时,铁磁基态变得不稳定,同时系统从自旋密度波态过渡到电荷密度波态.

The Coulomb effect on a low-energy structure in above-threshold ionization spectra induced by mid-infrared laser pulses

We investigate the low-energy structure （LES） in the above-threshold ionization spectrum at a mid-infrared laser wavelength with a semiclassical model. Using a softened Coulomb potential （CP） and changing the softening parameter, we show that though the very low-energy structure （VLES） and high low-energy structure （HLES） are both due to the interaction between the ionic CP and the electron, the two structures have different physical mechanisms： the VLES can be attributed to the electron-ion Coulomb interaction at a rather small distance and the HLES is more likely to be ascribed to the electron-ion Coulomb interaction at a large distance.

Energetic-ion generation by the combination of laser pressure and Coulomb explosion

A scheme of generating energetic ions by the interaction of an ultrahigh-intensity laser pulse and a thin solid foil is studied. The combination of the effects of radiation pressure and Coulomb explosion makes the ion acceleration more effective. The maximum ion velocity variation with time is predicted theoretically while the temporal evolution of the electrostatic field due to the Coulomb explosion is taken into consideration. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are done to verify the theory.

New Properties of HM16 Ether, with Submicroparticles as Self-Functional Cells Interacting through Percussion Forces, Establishing Nature of Electrical Charges, including Gravitation

Article continues and complements our previous articles on the HM16 ether (ETH) model. Here, we describe the mechanism of occurrence of the submicroparticle (SMP). A general hypothesis, HFVI, is introduced for the modalities of interaction between two SMPs, based on periodic mechanical percussion forces, produced by fundamental vibrations FVs. A mechanism for describing the interaction between a SMPs and the ETH is presented. Positive and negative particles are defined by their membrane types of movement, such as +, −u/+, −v vibrations, and rotations at speeds +Ω/−Ω. The process of creating a pair of SMPs is discussed. Applying HFVI to the interaction between pairs of SMPs immobile in ETH, and considering longitudinal FVL, was obtained the forces of attraction/repulsion +FL21/–FL21, which correspond to the completed Coulomb force FCC including gravitation. The resultant FRL21 will form an oriented field of forces, which is a quasielectric field QE, equivalent to actual E electric field. Considering transversal FVT, was obtained the vibratory forces +, −FT21, whose resultant forms an vibrating field of forces, QHs, a quasimagnetic special field, which may explain some of the quantum properties of SMPs. Considering a mobile SMP, two new γ strains in ETH appear. Strains γL are created by the displacement of SMP with velocity V, whose force +, −FT12 is the support of a component of the magnetic field H (quasimagnetic field QH), giving the QHL component. Strains γR are created by the rotation of SMP with speed Ω, whose force +, −FR12 constitutes physical support of the component QHR of magnetic field H (i.e. QH). The creation of a photon PH is modelled as a special ESMP containing two zones of opposed rotations, and a mechanism is presented for its movement in the ETH with speed c based on the HS hypothesis of screwing in ETH, with frequency ν.