Purpose This study compared the effects of offset loading(OSL)versus traditional loading(TDL)in the bench press exercise on pectoral muscle thickness and bench press strength over a 4-week mesocycle.Methods:Twen...Purpose This study compared the effects of offset loading(OSL)versus traditional loading(TDL)in the bench press exercise on pectoral muscle thickness and bench press strength over a 4-week mesocycle.Methods:Twenty male participants aged 18-45 years with at least 5 years of bench press experience and a bench press one-repetition maximum equal to or greater than their body mass were randomly assigned to OSL and TDL groups.Before and after the 4-week mesocycle,pectoral muscle thickness was assessed via ultrasonography and muscle strength was assessed by bench press one-repetition maximum.Effects were explored with two-way mixed ANOVA and non-clinical magnitude-based inferences.Results:No group-by-time interaction was detected for any variable(P>0.05).When compared to small magnitudes,the pectoralis major muscle thickness changes were likely greater in OSL compared to TDL for the dominant(ES=0.70;87%likely greater)and nondominant pectoralis(ES=0.77;91%likely greater)as well as the sum of both pectorals(ES=0.80;92%likely greater).Similarly,a likely greater effect for absolute(ES=0.57;82%likely)and relative(ES=0.67;85%likely)bench press strength was seen with OSL.Conclusion:Magnitude-based inferences interpreted here support the notion that OSL may be an advantageous training modality to enhance pectoral muscle thickness and bench press strength.展开更多
Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can n...Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can not be selected too large because of the carrier offset drift. In this letter, a new closed form algorithm for blind OFDM CFO estimation in frequency-selective channel is proposed. This method utilizes the propagator obtained from data matrix and the diagonal loading technique, thus it has better performance even only using one or two OFDM blocks. Furthermore, the range of the CFO estimation which can be handled is overall transmission spectral. Simulation results confirm its effectiveness.展开更多
文摘Purpose This study compared the effects of offset loading(OSL)versus traditional loading(TDL)in the bench press exercise on pectoral muscle thickness and bench press strength over a 4-week mesocycle.Methods:Twenty male participants aged 18-45 years with at least 5 years of bench press experience and a bench press one-repetition maximum equal to or greater than their body mass were randomly assigned to OSL and TDL groups.Before and after the 4-week mesocycle,pectoral muscle thickness was assessed via ultrasonography and muscle strength was assessed by bench press one-repetition maximum.Effects were explored with two-way mixed ANOVA and non-clinical magnitude-based inferences.Results:No group-by-time interaction was detected for any variable(P>0.05).When compared to small magnitudes,the pectoralis major muscle thickness changes were likely greater in OSL compared to TDL for the dominant(ES=0.70;87%likely greater)and nondominant pectoralis(ES=0.77;91%likely greater)as well as the sum of both pectorals(ES=0.80;92%likely greater).Similarly,a likely greater effect for absolute(ES=0.57;82%likely)and relative(ES=0.67;85%likely)bench press strength was seen with OSL.Conclusion:Magnitude-based inferences interpreted here support the notion that OSL may be an advantageous training modality to enhance pectoral muscle thickness and bench press strength.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60172028)
文摘Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can not be selected too large because of the carrier offset drift. In this letter, a new closed form algorithm for blind OFDM CFO estimation in frequency-selective channel is proposed. This method utilizes the propagator obtained from data matrix and the diagonal loading technique, thus it has better performance even only using one or two OFDM blocks. Furthermore, the range of the CFO estimation which can be handled is overall transmission spectral. Simulation results confirm its effectiveness.
