A Gasification Technology to Combine Oil Sludge with Coal-Water Slurry:CFD Analysis and Performance Determination

The development of more environment-friendly ways to dispose of oil sludge is currently regarded as a hot topic.In this context,gasification technologies are generally seen as a promising way to combine oil sludge with coal–water slurry(CWS)and generate resourceful fuel.In this study,a novel five-nozzle gasifier reactor was analyzed by means of a CFD(Computational fluid dynamic)method.Among several influential factors,special attention was paid to the height-to-diameter ratio of the gasifier and the mixing ratio of oil sludge,which are known to have a significant impact on the flow field,temperature distribution and gasifier performances.According to the numerical results,the optimal height-to-diameter ratio and oil mixing ratio are about 2.4:1 and 20%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon conversion rate can become as high as 98.55%with the hydrolysis rate reaching a value of 53.88%.The consumption of raw coal and oxygen is generally reduced,while the effective gas production is increased to 50.93 mol/%.

Upgrading Siberian(Russia)crude oil by hydrodesulfurization in a slurry reactor:A kinetic study

Hydrodesulfurization(HDS)of sour crude oil is an effective way to address the corrosion problems in refineries,and is an economic way to process sour crude oil in an existing refinery built for sweet oil.In the current study,the HDS of Siberian crude oil was carried out in a slurry reactor.The Co-Mo,Ni-Mo,and Ni-W catalysts supported onγ-Al2O3 were compared at the temperature of 340℃ and the pressure of 4.5 MPa.The HDS activity follows the order of Co-Mo N Ni-Mo N Ni-Wat a high concentration of H2S,and the difference between Co-Mo and Ni-Mo becomes insignificant at a low concentration of H2S.The influence of reaction temperature 320-360℃ and reaction pressure 3-5.5 MPa was investigated,and both play a positive role in the HDS reaction.A kinetic model over Ni-Mo/Al2O3 in the slurry reactor was established.The activation energy is estimated as 60.34 kJ·mol−1;the orders of sulfur components and hydrogen partial pressure are 1.43 and 1.30,respectively.The kinetic parameters are compared with those in a trickle-bed reactor,implying that the mass transfer is greatly enhanced in the slurry reactor.The back mixing effect is present in the slurry reactor and can be reduced by a multi-stage design,which would lead to higher reactor efficiency in industrial application.

Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Spheres from FCC Slurry Oil as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery

A facile injected pyrolysis strategy to synthesize heteroatom-doped carbon spheres(CSs) with good conductivity is proposed by using the fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil(FCCSO) as the carbon source through a pyrolysis reaction process at 700-1000℃.The structures of CSs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and its electrochemical properties of CSs acting as the anode material for lithium-ion battery(LIBs) are investigated.The XPS measurement results show that the CSs mainly contain C,N,O,and S elements.With the increase of pyrolysis temperature,the particle size of CSs decreases but the graphitization degree of CSs increases.As the anode material for LIBs,CSs show excellent electrochemical performance with a maximum reversible capacity of 365 mAh/g and an initial coulombic efficiency of 73.8% at a low current density of 50 mA/g.The CSs exhibit excellent cycling stability in a current range of 50 mA/g to 2 A/g,and still can maintain a stable reversible capacity of 347 mAh/g when the current is cycled back to 50mA/g.This is mainly ascribed to the existence of suitable heteroatom content and unique spherical structure of CSs.The heteroatom-doped CSs can provide a new choice for the preparation of high efficiency anode materials for LIBs.

Life Cycle Assessment of Ultra-clean Micronized Coal Oil Water Slurry

Life cycle assessment is applied to assess the ultra-clean micronized coal oil water slurry (UCMCOWS) with SimaPro and the environmental impact of UCMCOWS on its whole life cycle is also analyzed. The result shows that the consumption of energy and products are increasing along with the deepening of UCMCOWS processing, UCMCOWS making and combustion are the two periods which have a bigger impact on eco-system and human health. As a new substitute of fuel, UCMCOWS merits to be utilized more efficiently and reasonably.

Performances and emissions of a petroleum coke oil slurry engine

In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.

Modification of FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt for making high-grade paving asphalt

With the rapid development of modern industry,high-grade paving asphalt is massively required to meet the demands for modern transportation.As one of additives,natural asphalt is indispensable since it can improve the performance of paving asphalt in all aspects.However,the application of non-renewable natural asphalt is increasingly restricted by its limited reserves.It is imperative to find alternative approaches to produce high-grade paving asphalt.Fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)slurry oil is an ideal soft component for producing paving asphalt due to its high content of aromatics and resins.However,its bad ageing resistance limits its application to only low-grade paving asphalt.In the present work,a novel approach for producing high-grade paving asphalt was investigated using chemically modified FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt(DOA).The FT-IR and NMR results showed that dehydrogenation and condensation reaction occurred during the ageing process.From a series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes,propanal was selected as a proper modifier to improve the ageing resistance of FCC slurry oil.The propanalmodified slurry oil possessed more substituted aromatic units and less aromatic hydrogen atoms than other modified slurry oils,thus showing better ageing resistance.With the increase of length of aliphatic chains in modifier,the modified slurry oil contained more and longer alkyl substituent group on aromatics.Compared with the cross-linked oil(slurry oil modified by cross-linking agent),modified slurry oil possessed similar ageing resistance but higher flowing ability.Also,the effect of operation conditions on the kinematic viscosity of modified slurry oil were investigated.Blended with modified slurry oil,the penetration ratio of asphalt product increased from 53.7 to 66.2,which met the standard of 70#paving asphalt.Both the microscopic observations and FT-IR results indicated that modification process effectively reduced the oxidation degree of asphalt product,thus increasing the ageing resistance.Consequently,with aid of this process,high-grade paving asphalt was readily produced from low value oil from downstream products of refinery,instead of the depleting natural asphalt.

Control Scheme Discussion for Bottom Oil Slurry System of FCCU Fractionator

流化催化裂化装置（FCCU）分馏塔底油浆系统的控制效果对整个装置的平稳安全运行具有重要意义。近年来国内新建了许多大型FCCU，既包含国内各设计院自己的技术，也有部分引进国外的工艺包，其分馏塔底油浆系统的控制方案也有多种形式。总结了近年来国内新建FCCU常用的三种较为典型的油浆系统控制方案，阐述了各方案的特点，对其进行了简要的对比和分析。在此基础上尝试性地提出了这三种方案的适用场合，方便设计人员根据每个项目的特点设计合理的控制方案，达到最佳控制效果。

A Cementing Technology for Shale Oil Horizontal Wells

Organic rich dark shale of Q Formation can be found in many areas(e.g.,in the North of S Basin).The shale target stratum is easy to hydrate and often undergoes spallation.Therefore,centering the casing in the horizontal section of the irregular borehole is relatively difficult.Similarly,achieving a good cementflushing efficiency under complex borehole conditions is a complex task.Through technologies such as centralizer,efficient preflushing,multi-stageflushing and ductile cement slurry,better performances can be achieved.In this study,it is shown that the cementing rate in the DY2H horizontal section is 97.8%,which is more than 34%higher than that of adjacent wells.This cementing matching technology for sidetracking horizontal wells can be used to improve the cementing quality of continental shale and provides a reference for future applications in thisfield.

Analysis of Influence Factors for FCC Slurry Separation by Mixed Solvent Extraction

Daqing FCC slurry was treated using mixed solvent containing N,N-dimethylformamide(extraction solvent)and n-paraffin(stripping-agent).The influence of solvent formulation(ratio of DMF/stripping-agent),temperature,time and solvent-oil ratio on yield and aromatics content of the extract oil were analyzed by a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design.The polynomial regression models between the extract oil yield and aromatics content with the four factors were established.Response surface analysis showed that solvent formulation,temperature and solvent-oil ratio have significant effects on extraction result and there is an interaction between temperature and solvent-oil ratio on aromatics content,when the FCC slurry is extracted by mixed solvent.However,the extraction time has no significant effect.The optimal conditions for FCC slurry extraction covered:a solvent mixed ratio of 2.3,a temperature of 62.8℃,a solvent-oil ratio of 3.2,and a time of 35 min.The result of verification experiment was in good agreement with the prediction of the model.

Residue Upgrading in Slurry Phase over Ultra-fine NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalyst

In this article, residual oil hydroconversion was studied in slurry phase in the presence of fine solid Ni Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and the effects of operating conditions were carefully studied. The results showed that residue conversion was only affected by the reaction temperature and reaction time. The coke yield increased with a higher reaction temperature, a bigger catalyst particle size, a longer reaction time, a lower initial hydrogen pressure and a lower catalyst concentration. Heteroatoms removal rate increased with a higher reaction temperature, a longer reaction time, a higher initial hydrogen pressure, a higher catalyst concentration, and a smaller catalyst particle size. The role of catalyst in the slurry bed technology was discussed and its function could be stated as follows: the metal was applied to activate the hydrogen atoms for removing heteroatoms and saturating aromatics, while the support of the catalyst was used to prevent the mesophase coalescence for reducing coke formation.

海上窄压力窗口控压固井浆柱结构设计方法

针对海上油气井窄压力窗口固井顶替效率低下的技术难题,通过轻钻井液的施加以优化浆柱结构以及施加环空回压的方法实现安全高效固井的目标。考虑停泵压胶塞环空回压值≯5 MPa、冲洗液环空紊流接触时间>10min以及注替结束井筒自压稳3个关键技术要求,合理优化固井浆柱结构,计算控压固井全过程井筒当量循环密度(ECD),使井筒ECD在安全密度窗口内,形成了海上窄压力窗口控压固井浆柱结构设计方法。以乐东10-1气田某高温高压井为例,优化设计了该井的浆柱结构,并模拟计算了控压固井全过程井筒ECD及紊流接触时间。结果表明:轻钻井液用量为14~50 m^(3)且密度在1.822~2.142 g/cm^(3)之间、冲洗液用量>13 m^(3)且密度在2.36~2.45 g/cm^(3)之间、水泥浆密度在2.4~2.51 g/cm^(3)之间,可实现冲洗液紊流接触时间>10 min且满足压稳不漏的固井要求。该设计方法可实现海上窄压力窗口井安全施工和提高固井顶替效率的要求。

沸腾床渣油加氢裂化装置结焦情况分析与操作优化

分析了沸腾床渣油加氢裂化装置易结焦堵塞的原因,介绍了某炼化公司沸腾床渣油加氢裂化装置易结焦区域和结焦典型症状,从原料、催化剂、反应和分馏工况等方面进行了优化。通过将原料渣油引入脱固油浆减缓结焦,动态调整渣油转化率控制装置结焦:加工中东高硫低氮原油所产渣油时,转化率可控制在75%以上;加工低硫中东原油所产渣油时,转化率控制在不大于70%;加工低硫高氮原油所产渣油时,转化率控制在不大于65%。每吨渣油原料置换新鲜催化剂0.90~0.95 kg,低控减压塔塔底液位(25%~30%),提高塔底物料返混流量以减少沥青质在塔底器壁生焦。优化操作后,常压塔底油总沉积物质量分数稳定小于0.2%,确保了装置在渣油高转化率下的长周期稳定运行。

重质油组成与结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响

新疆低阶煤和重质油资源丰富,具有广阔的煤油共液化工业前景,但重质油自身流动性差,极大地限制了煤油共液化的发展。为认识重质油组成结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响,选取5种性质差异明显的重质油和2种工业循环溶剂油,探究其与上湾煤形成的油煤浆流变性能变化规律,在此基础上通过预加氢调控减压渣油的组成结构,分析重质油组成、结构与流变性能,获得重质油组成结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响规律。结果表明,重质油本身是牛顿流体,加入煤粉后转变为假塑性流体,呈现剪切稀化特征;重质油中胶质和沥青质组分含量越高,形成油煤浆的黏度越高,体系内部的触变结构越丰富,非牛顿流体特征越明显。减压渣油稠油预加氢后,形成油煤浆的黏度显著降低,其中,380℃下预加氢2 h后制成的油煤浆黏度在135℃时降至451 mPa·s,同时油煤浆的触变特性也明显减弱。预加氢促使减压渣油中的长链断裂为短链烃,胶质和沥青质组分转化为饱和分与芳香分,从而抑制胶团的生成,降低油煤浆黏度。其中,380℃下预加氢2 h后胶质含量较未处理减少约21%,重均分子量降至1594 Da,芳香环β位的H含量增加约20%。

一种适用于油基钻井液堵漏水泥浆体系研发

水泥浆堵漏是解决恶性漏失的有效措施之一,但是水泥浆在油基钻井液中难以凝结固化,致使其使用受限。从油基钻井液污染水泥浆机理出发,开发油水置换剂,并对胶凝体系和配套降失水剂和缓凝剂进行研选,开发油基钻井液堵漏水泥浆体系,并对水泥浆体系性能进行评价。研究表明:通过微乳液共聚法(即油相和水相同时引发聚合)制备了油水置换剂,在油井水泥中加入油水置换剂后,钻井液与水泥浆的相容性良好,水泥浆与油基钻井液体积比为50∶50的混浆体系在50℃条件下养护时间24 h,强度可达2 MPa左右,且油水置换剂具有很好的广谱性能,现场不同区域取的不同类型的油基钻井液,均发展强度;研选了配套降失水剂BXF-200LL和缓凝剂GH-9,开发出了适用于油基钻井液堵漏的水泥浆体系,油水置换剂对水泥浆稠化没有不良影响,且抗温达120℃。

大豆油微乳液冰浆融化与储存特性

冰浆热容量大,传热效果好,是一种良好的蓄冷介质。选择大豆油作为油相,复配Tween-80和AEO-3为表面活性剂,戊醇为助表面活性剂,用加水法制备了微乳液,实验考察了油相与表面活性剂的质量比、表面活性剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的质量比(Km值)对微乳液增溶水量的影响,筛选出油相与表面活性剂的质量比为1∶4、Tween-80与AEO-3的质量比为6∶4(HLB值为11.6)、Km值为2∶1为微乳液制备的最佳配比,选择该配比下含水量为50%的微乳液制备了冰浆。利用显微镜研究了冰晶融化过程,分析冰晶粒径对融化过程的影响。冰晶粒径随着融化时间增加逐渐变小,大粒径冰晶颗粒融化所需时间比小粒径的多。利用蓄冰1 h和蓄冰2 h的微乳液冰浆在不同储存时间的冰晶图像分析了储存时间和含冰率对冰晶粒径分布及冰晶平均粒径的影响,在相同含冰率下,储存时间越长,冰晶粒径越大,但冰晶数量减少,含冰率不变。在相同的储存时间内,含冰率越高,冰晶颗粒粒径增长速度越快。

浆态床尾油资源化利用技术研究进展

浆态床渣油加氢技术在劣质原料适应性、选择性上优势显著,具有广阔的发展前景。但在加工过程中不可避免地产生加工量10%~20%的尾油,其胶质、沥青质、残碳、金属含量、固含量与灰分高,二次加工利用困难,出路问题亟须解决。从尾油的组成、性质出发,指出了焦化、气化等尾油处理常用手段存在缺陷,分析了溶剂分离-金属回收的可行性与技术优势,综述了国内使用该方法处理浆态床尾油的研究进展,在此基础上,阐明未来技术研究的重点方向。

聚合物乳液防腐固井水泥浆体系研究

含二氧化碳油气井对水泥浆防腐蚀性能要求高,常规的防腐剂以矿物材料为主。为了研究高效防腐水泥浆用于含二氧化碳复杂油气井固井作业,室内研究了聚合物乳液PRL、缓凝剂RMA-L、分散剂FAJ-S、降失水剂NEA-1关键材料,并建立了聚合物乳液防腐水泥浆体系。结果表明,聚合物乳液PRL对水泥浆常规性能有一定影响,需要配套外加剂进行性能调节,但是聚合物乳液可以大幅度提高水泥石防腐蚀能力。降失水剂NEA-1、分散剂FAJ-S、缓凝剂RMA-L在防腐水泥浆中能改善水泥浆的失水性能、流变性能和稠化时间。建立的聚合物乳液防腐水泥浆在不同温度下的失水量小于50 mL,流变性、稠化时间和抗压强度均满足施工要求,防腐蚀性能优异,且被腐蚀后微观结构较完整,防腐蚀能力强。

煤制氢装置气化炉协同处置“三泥”探讨

某炼厂拟将来自污水处理场的浮渣/油泥和活性污泥送至煤制氢装置气化炉协同处置,以实现“三泥”的资源化利用。其中浮渣/油泥设计处理量4.2万吨/年,活性污泥设计处理量2.1万吨/年。根据掺配比例实验结果,浮渣/油泥、活性污泥按一定比例混合后,与水煤浆的掺配比例不宜大于12%。根据测算,项目实施后,装置进出料变化不明显,改造后硫含量比改造前增加约24吨/年。浮渣/油泥、活性污泥掺烧后产生废渣量较之前增加约0.2万吨/年。可减少能耗折算成标油为882.18吨/年,减少碳排放量399.41吨/年,环境效益明显。

浆态床渣油加氢裂化技术特点及其工业应用

采用引进工艺技术的国内单体设计规模(3.0 Mt/a)最大的浆态床渣油加氢裂化装置在某公司首次开工,经连续运行期间(177 d)的工艺条件摸索,在实际加工负荷86%条件下开展了装置72 h性能测试。结果表明:装置加工残炭为23.68%、金属(镍+钒)质量分数为138μg/g、硫质量分数为4.82%、C 5沥青质(正戊烷不溶物)质量分数为17.65%的减压渣油与催化裂化油浆混合原料,在新鲜原料油进料量为307.2 t/h、反应器压力为15.7 MPa、平均反应温度为428℃、新鲜原料油与减压分馏塔(简称减压塔)塔底循环油渣的质量比为1.21、混合进料钼质量分数为1650μg/g、持气率为26.0%~27.5%的条件下,渣油转化率为90.0%,产物减压塔塔底油渣中四氢呋喃不溶物质量分数为7%~8%,钼质量分数为2678μg/g,装置能耗为1906.50 MJ/t;减压塔下部填料床层结焦等导致标定期间的总压降为9.53 kPa,是设计值的25.1倍,提高装置负荷困难。可以通过调整减压塔操作及技术改造等方式尝试解决减压塔填料床层压降升高、油渣中蜡油组分拔出不足等问题。