Modeling and cyclic behavior of segmental bridge column connected with shape memory alloy bars

This paper examines the quasi-static cyclic behavior, lateral strength and equivalent damping capacities of a system of post-tensioned segmental bridge columns tied with large diameter martensitic Shape Memory Alloy （SMA） link-bars. Moment-curvature constitutive relationships are formulated and analysis tools are developed for the PT column, including a modified four-spring model prepared for the SMA bars. The suggested system is exemplified using a column with an aspect ratio of 7.5 and twelve 36.5 mm diameter NiTi martensitic SMA bars. A post-tensioning force of 40% to 60% of the tendon yield strength is applied in order to obtain a self re-centering system, considering the residual stress of the martensitie SMA bars. The cyclic response results show that the lateral strength remains consistently around 10% of the total vertical load and the equivalent viscous damping ratios reach 10%-12% of critical. When large diameter NiTi superelastic SMA bars are incorporated into the column system, the cyclic response varies substantially. The creep behavior of the superelastic SMA bar is accounted for since it affects the re-centering capability of the column. Two examples are presented to emphasize the modeling sensitivities for these special bars and quantify their cyclic behavior effects within the column assembly.

Frame property of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns under cyclic loading

A 1/3-scale reinfored concrete(RC) frame of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns was tested under low frequency cyclic loading.The damage characteristic,bearing capacity,deformation capacity and ductility were analyzed.The restoring force model of the frame was obtained based on the study of the hysteresis curve measured in experiment,and the stiffness degeneration characteristics of every storey of the frame were analyzed.Finally the accumulated damage was analyzed with the damage assessment model.It is shown that the seismic behavior of this frame of unequal storey height with specially shaped columns is generally good,but the bottom of first floor column is a weak part,which should be paid more attention in design,and the restoring force model derived from this experiment can be seen as a valuable guide for design and non-linear finite element analysis for this kind of structure.

Seismic Behavior of Frame with Specially Shaped Columns Subjected to Cyclic Load

In order to study the seismic behavior of frame with specially shaped columns,the hysteretic curve was analyzed based on a quasi-static test of a two-span,three-story frame with specially shaped columns.The top layer framework curve and the corresponding resilience model were obtained from the hysteretic curve.And the stiffness and strength degeneration were also investigated.The results indicated that the stiffness degeneration is not obvious,thus the frame with specially shaped columns has high earthquake-resistant behavior.The resilience model calculated from the test can provide reference for design and nonlinear finite element analysis.

Seismic Behavior of Specially Shaped Column Joints with X-Shaped Reinforcement

To investigate the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement,two groups of specimens with or without X-shaped reinforcement in joint core region were tested under constant axial compression load and low reversed cyclic loading,which imitated low to moderate earthquake force.The seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement in terms of bearing capacity,displacement,ductility,hysteretic curve,stiffness degradation and energy dissipation was studied and compared to that without Xshaped reinforcement in joint core region.With the damage estimation model,the accumulated damage was analyzed.The shearing capacity formula of specially shaped column joints reinforced by X-shaped reinforcement was proposed with a simple form.The test results show that X-shaped reinforcement is an effective measure for improving the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints including deformation behavior,ductility and hysteretic characteristic.All specimens were damaged with gradual stiffness degeneration.In addition,X-shaped reinforcement in the joint core region is an effective way to lighten the degree of cumulated damage.The good seismic performance obtained from the specially shaped column joint with X-shaped reinforcement can be used in engineering applications.The test value is higher than the calculated value,which indicates that the formula is safe for the design of specially shaped column joints.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Buckling Analysis of Tapered Continuous Columns by Using Modified Buckling Mode Shapes

Elastic critical buckling load of a column depends on various parameters,such as boundary conditions,material,and crosssection geometry.The main purpose of this work is to present a new method for investigating the buckling load of tapered columns subjected to axial force.The proposed method is based on modified buckling mode shape of tapered structure and perturbation theory.The mode shape of the damaged structure can be expressed as a linear combination of mode shapes of the intact structure.Variations in length in piecewise form can be positive or negative.The method can be used for single-span and continuous columns.Comparison of results with those of finite element and Timoshenko methods shows the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for detecting buckling load.

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Exterior Joints of Special-shaped Columns with Different Lengths of Limbs

Four exterior joints with special-shaped columns which have different lengths of limbs are tested under low cyclic loading. Speeial-shaped columns adopted are L- and T-shaped in section. It can be concluded that crack pattern, failure mode and shear strength of joints are affected by the length of limb, and that shear strength and ductility increase with the length of limb; the joints with the flexural failure of the beam have better seismic behavior than those with the shear failure of the joint core.

L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱轴压性能

为解决异形钢管混凝土柱阴角对其承载力的影响,提出了用1个冷弯薄壁方钢管和2个U形钢管焊接成L形钢管,内填充混凝土形成L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱形式。设计了5组共10根试件的轴压试验,并开展了有限元参数分析,研究了钢管厚度、U形管外伸长度和钢材强度等参数对构件承载力和延性等力学性能的影响。结果表明:该类试件的主要破坏形态为中上部局部鼓曲破坏,适量增大U形管外伸长度可以提高承载力,但增大到一定程度之后易发生弯扭破坏;承载力和延性随着钢管厚度和钢材强度增大而增加;混凝土强度对构件的初始刚度和峰值荷载的影响都很小,但对曲线下降段的影响较大;试件端部和中部截面阴角处的混凝土应力值比各边中部更大,说明采用U形钢管与方钢管组合的方式改善了阴角处钢管对混凝土约束普遍较弱的问题。基于“统一理论”,给出了两种承载力建议计算公式,与试验结果吻合较好,两种计算方法在0.44~1.94的约束效应系数范围内具有良好的适用性。

方钢管GT形钢组合T形截面柱轴压稳定承载力分析

为进一步研究影响方钢管-T形钢组合T形截面柱轴压稳定承载力的因素,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立考虑残余应力和初始几何缺陷影响的方钢管-T形钢组合T形截面柱的有限元模型,并利用已有的试验数据校准ABAQUS有限模型的准确性。基于建立的模型,对比分析了初始几何缺陷、残余应力、钢材强度及截面尺寸和正则长细比对方钢管-T形钢组合T形截面柱轴压稳定性能的影响。研究结果表明:残余应力对构件稳定承载力影响并不显著;钢材强度,截面尺寸对构件稳定承载力影响显著。

形状记忆合金嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验

为研究形状记忆合金(SMA)嵌入式加固法对钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能的影响,设计制作6根SMA嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土柱试件,通过低周往复荷载试验研究SMA筋加固混凝土柱的破坏过程及破坏模式,分析SMA加固量、轴压比和环包CFRP布对加固柱滞回性能、位移延性、刚度退化和耗能等抗震性能的影响,基于数字图像相关法分析SMA筋嵌入式加固柱的曲率分布。结果表明:SMA筋嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土柱因柱脚处纵向受拉钢筋屈服和混凝土压溃形成塑性铰而破坏,主要表现为延性破坏模式;相同轴压比下,加固柱试件较普通混凝土柱承载力提高了51.2%~70.2%,位移延性和累计耗能也得到提升,抗震性能显著改善;随加固量增加,SMA筋嵌入式加固柱的耗能、塑性铰长度和极限位移显著提高;在层间位移角达到1/50之前,承载力没有明显下降;轴压比增大至0.4时,加固柱的峰值荷载和耗能能力增大,延性显著降低,环包CFRP布后加固柱的变形和耗能明显改善。基于平截面假定,提出SMA筋嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土柱受弯承载力计算模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。

L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算方法

基于叠加原理,在《矩形钢管混凝土组合异形柱技术规程》提供的理论计算公式基础上,研究了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算方法。在考虑再生混凝土有效约束面积影响的基础上,提出了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算公式,绘制出轴力-弯矩关系曲线。结果表明:通过引入钢管对内填再生混凝土的约束效应系数,考虑钢管对不同粗骨料取代率再生混凝土的有效约束作用,并根据约束强弱将钢管对内填再生混凝土的约束区域进行划分,可得到再生混凝土的有效约束面积;通过与试验及数值模拟结果对比,验证了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算公式的有效性,该公式可用于预测L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱的偏压承载力,轴力-弯矩关系曲线可较为准确且安全地预测试件的承载力。

“Y型柱”大柱跨、大层高车站结构受力特性研究

伴随着国内城市轨道交通的高速建设,我们的规划设计对地铁车站的空间形式以及其区间隧道断面的结构形式提出了更多的新需要,为了满足居民对城市地下结构空间高利用率、环境高观赏性等多方位的需求,大跨度、高断面、宽柱距、异形柱等各种独具特色的地下结构也陆续出现。相比于传统立柱,设置大跨度Y型柱的车站结构成为了一种全新的结构,相比于传统车站结构,其所能提供的实际空间宽敞得多。为了研究这种采用新型结构的地铁车站的受力特性,以广州地铁彩虹桥站为工程案例,使用MIDAS软件建立三维模型并划分实网格,采用FLAC3D软件重点分析了车站梁沉降和应力,Y型柱的应力变化规律。

Numerical Study of Air Chamber for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Convertor

Oscillating Water Column （OWC） wave energy converting system is one of the most widely used facilities all over the world. The air chamber is utilized to convert the wave energy into the pneumatic energy. The numerical wave tank based on the two-phase VOF model is established in the present study toinvestigate the operating performance of OWC air chamber. The RANS equations, standard k-ε turbulence model and dynamic mesh technology are employed in the numerical model. The effects of incident wave conditions and shape parameters on the wave energy converting efficiency are studied and the capability of the present numerical wave tank on the corresponding engineering application is validated.

Aperture shape optimization in intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning

The gradient element of the aperture gradient map is utilized directly to generate the aperture shape without modulation.This process can be likened to choosing the direction of negative gradient descent for the generic aperture shape optimiza-tion.The negative gradient descent direction is more suitable under local conditions and has a slow convergence rate.To overcome these limitations,this study introduced conjugate gradients into aperture shape optimization based on gradient modulation.First,the aperture gradient map of the current beam was obtained for the proposed aperture shape optimiza-tion method,and the gradients of the aperture gradient map were modulated using conjugate gradients to form a modulated gradient map.The aperture shape was generated based on the modulated gradient map.The proposed optimization method does not change the optimal solution of the original optimization problem,but changes the iterative search direction when generating the aperture shape.The performance of the proposed method was verified using cases of head and neck cancer,and prostate cancer.The optimization results indicate that the proposed optimization method better protects the organs at risk and rapidly reduces the objective function value by ensuring a similar dose distribution to the planning target volume.Compared to the contrasting methods,the normal tissue complication probability obtained by the proposed optimization method decreased by up to 4.61%,and the optimization time of the proposed method decreased by 5.26%on average for ten cancer cases.The effectiveness and acceleration of the proposed method were verified through comparative experiments.According to the comparative experiments,the results indicate that the proposed optimization method is more suitable for clinical applications.It is feasible for the aperture shape optimization involving the proposed method.

Numerical damage evaluation of perforated steel columns subjected to blast loading

The structural performance of perforated steel columns(PSCs)is significantly more complex than the one of solid web I-shaped elements under the diversity of blast loading scenarios.The damage criterion of PSCs is not only related to initial deformation response during the blast but also the residual axial load capacity and it can be considered as a reliable index after the blast effects.Therefore,the PSCs damages will be studied in two stages;direct and post blast effects.In the present study,the dynamic response of PSCs was numerically evaluated under different levels of blast threats using LS-DYNA software.Extensive explicit finite element(FE)analyses are carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters,such as web opening shapes,boundary conditions and strengthening details on the damage index and toughness of the PSCs compared to the parent steel sections.The results of the comparative study show that the damage and toughness decrease when the support condition changes from pinned to fixed ends through the two stages of loadings.PSCs give high toughness compared to its parent sections during blast shock stage while,a remarkable decrease in toughness is observed during the application of axial gravity after blast shock.Furthermore,the web opening shapes have slight effects on the global dynamic behavior of PSCs,particularly in terms of residual capacity.On the contrary,the retrofitting strategy using both closed holes at end and vertical stiffeners have an effective enhancement to get higher toughness in case of the extreme blasts.

New Rectangular-like Columns： Advanced Swing Jet Grouting Test and Quality Confirmation

Ordinary columns of jet grouting are circular or fan-shaped. But in recent years, such shapes as candy-shaped columns were put to practical use. They are constructed by switching the rotational speed of the stem in one rotation. We applied this method to swing jet grouting. That is, we changed the rotational speeds in the swing jet grouting to make elongated columns near rectangle. The test construction was succeeded and the columns’ shapes conformed to those designed. In addition, the quality was confirmed to be as good as ordinary columns. Radii （distances from center to outer ends） were 1.03 to 1.21 times as large as those designed. Improvement ratios were 95% or more in any position. Strengths were varied by location, but they satisfied design strength 1.5 kN/m2 at any position. We concluded that this new column can be applied to practice in the same way as ordinary columns.

工字形钢梁-矩形钢管柱单向螺栓节点抗弯承载力理论计算方法

针对工字形纯钢梁和钢-混凝土组合梁分别与矩形钢管柱和矩形钢管混凝土柱采用单向螺栓(也称单边拧紧螺栓)连接形成的4种节点形式,对其在弯矩作用下的受力机理及破坏模式进行分析,讨论导致节点失效的因素。总结节点在弯矩作用下的9种失效模式,包括:单向螺栓拉断、端板受弯屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受拉屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受压屈服、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈曲、混凝土楼板局部压溃、钢筋屈服、矩形钢管柱内混凝土局部压溃、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈服,进而基于破坏模式给出节点各组件承载力的计算公式。对4种节点在不同破坏模式下的正弯矩承载力和负弯矩承载力进行分析,给出节点承载力计算公式。将节点抗弯承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证理论计算方法的可靠性。

Control of liquid column height in electromagnetic casting with fuzzy neural network model

The control of suitable and stable height of liquid column is the crucial point to operate the electromagnetic casting(EMC) process and to obtain ingots with desirable shape and dimensional accuracy. But due to the complicated interact parameters and special circumstances, the measure and control of liquid column are quite difficult. A fuzzy neural network was used to help control the liquid column by predicting its height on line. The results show that the stabilization of the height of liquid column and surface quality of the ingot are remarkably improved by using the neural network based control system.

呼和浩特盛乐国际机场局部斜拉钢屋盖结构设计

呼和浩特盛乐国际机场的建筑设计融入了蒙古包的元素,主楼钢屋盖采用局部斜拉斜交平面桁架的结构形式强化了这一建筑意向。为了解这一新型结构形式的受力特点和验证其可靠性,首先对该屋盖体系的形成逻辑、结构组成和总体受力特点进行了阐述;然后介绍了屋盖结构整体计算指标、温度对该超长屋盖的影响和下部结构分缝对跨缝整体屋盖影响的情况;并基于数值分析研究了与斜拉结构特点密切相关的几个问题,包括梭形摇摆柱的整体稳定、斜拉索索力影响因素、索节点的设计、梭形柱和斜拉索失效对屋盖结构抗连续倒塌的影响等,论证了该新型结构体系的安全可靠性;最后对索的施工张拉顺序和施工模拟分析提出了细化要求。

带顶底L型件的装配式梁柱节点参数分析

提出了一种新型装配式梁柱节点形式,框架梁通过顶底L型件与框架柱相连,实现全螺栓装配化施工。前期对带顶底L型件的装配式梁柱节点足尺试件进行了拟静力试验研究,对该节点的抗震性能进行了分析,以试验研究为基础,通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件,进行该节点的参数拓展分析,分析该节点设计参数对带顶底L型件的装配式梁柱节点受力性能的影响。首先建立足尺试件的有限元分析模型,验证了有限元分析过程的精确性;然后考虑节点L型件形式、竖板/横板厚度、横板长度、加劲肋个数以及端板厚度变化对装配式连接节点的受力性能的影响,以期对带顶底L型件的装配式梁柱节点的设计和优化提供工程建议。