Optical and electrical properties of BaSnO_(3) and In_2O_(3) mixed transparent conductive films deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature

For the crystalline temperature of BaSnO_(3)(BTO)was above 650℃,the transparent conductive BTO-based films were always deposited above this temperature on epitaxy substrates by pulsed laser deposition or molecular beam epitaxy till now which limited there application in low temperature device process.In the article,the microstructure,optical and electrical of BTO and In_(2)O_(3) mixed transparent conductive BaInSnO_(x)(BITO)film deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique(FCVA)on glass substrate at room temperature were firstly reported.The BITO film with thickness of 300 nm had mainly In_(2)O_(3) polycrystalline phase,and minor polycrystalline BTO phase with(001),(011),(111),(002),(222)crystal faces which were first deposited at room temperature on amorphous glass.The transmittance was 70%–80%in the visible light region with linear refractive index of 1.94 and extinction coefficient of 0.004 at 550-nm wavelength.The basic optical properties included the real and imaginary parts,high frequency dielectric constants,the absorption coefficient,the Urbach energy,the indirect and direct band gaps,the oscillator and dispersion energies,the static refractive index and dielectric constant,the average oscillator wavelength,oscillator length strength,the linear and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities,and the nonlinear refractive index were all calculated.The film was the n-type conductor with sheet resistance of 704.7Ω/□,resistivity of 0.02Ω⋅cm,mobility of 18.9 cm2/V⋅s,and carrier electron concentration of 1.6×10^(19) cm^(−3) at room temperature.The results suggested that the BITO film deposited by FCVA had potential application in transparent conductive films-based low temperature device process.

Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Mixed Metal Oxide Thin Film Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis

The deposition of metal oxide films using Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) is investigated through mathematical and physical modeling. A comprehensive model is developed in the processes including atomization, spray, evaporation, chemical reaction and deposition. The predicted results including particle size and film thickness are compared with the experimental data obtained in a complementary study. The predicted film thickness is in a good agreement with the measurements when the temperature is high enough for the chemical reaction to proceed. The model also adequately predicts the size distribution when the nanocrystals are well-structured at controlled temperature and concentration.

Preparation of anodic films on 2024 aluminum alloy in boric acid-containing mixed electrolyte

The anodizing oxidation process on 2024 aluminum alloy was researched in the mixed electrolyte with the composition of 30 g/L boric acid, 2 g/L sulfosalicylic acid and 8 g/L phosphate. The results reveal that the pre-treatment and the composition of the mixed electrolyte have influence on the properties of the films and the anodizing oxidation process. Under the condition of controlled potential, the anodizing oxidation current—time response curve displays "saddle" shape. First, the current density reaches a peak value of 8-20 A/dm2 and then decreases rapidly, finally maintains at 1-2 A/dm2. The film prepared in the mixed electrolyte is of porous-type with 20 nm in pore size and 500 μm-2 in porosity. Compared with the conventional anodic film obtained in sulfuric acid, the pore wall of the porous layer prepared in this work is not continuous, which seems to be deposited by small spherical grains. This porous structure of the anodic film may result from the characteristics of the mixed electrolyte and the special anodizing oxidation process. The surface analysis displays that the anodic film is amorphous and composed of O, Al, C, P, S, Si and no copper element is detected.

Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Single and Mixed Oxide Thin Films

The influence of processing parameters is investigated on the structural characteristics of single and mixed oxides produced by spray pyrolysis technique. The films were synthesized by spraying precursor solutions through a noz-zle onto a heated alumina substrate. The precursor consisted separately of aqueous solutions of tin chloride for SnO2 and zinc chloride for ZnO for single oxide cases, and aqueous solutions of tin chloride and indium nitrate for SnO2 + In2O3 and zinc chloride and indium nitrate solutions for ZnO + In2O3 for mixed oxide cases. The substrate temperature was varied accordingly for each single and mixed case. The films produced were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicate that a non-homogenous film is formed at low temperature for both single oxides considered. The temperature has significant effect on the composition of the synthesized films of both single oxides below 450℃. The results for mixed oxides show that the best homogeneous films are obtained for 80 wt% ZnO + 20 wt% In2O3, and 80 wt% SnO2 + 20 wt% In2O3.

Theoretical analysis based on a modified mixed-film lubrication model for metal forming processes

An analytical model for metal rolling in the mixed lubrication regime was developed based on Wilson and Chang’s asperity flattening model and Von Mises homogenous deformation model. A more rigorous average Reynolds equation was used to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure. The variations of the yield stress with strain were considered in the model. An efficient iteration procedure was developed to solve the contact area, film thickness and hydrodynamic pressure. The model is more practical with fewer assumption and converges quickly. It is applicable to a wider range of rolling regimes. The calculation results using the model agree well with the literature as well as with measured data from a rolling mill.

Parametric analysis of mixed lubrication characteristics in work zone of strip rolling

A theoretical model for mixed lubrication with more accurate contact length has been developed based on the average volume flow model and asperity flattening model,and the lubricant volume flow rate and outlet speed ratio are determined by integrating differential equations based on rolling parameters.The lubrication characteristics at the roll-strip interface with different surface roughness,rolling speed,reduction and lubricant viscosity are analyzed respectively.Additionally,the average volume flow rates of lubricant under different rolling conditions are calculated and used to explain the change rule of lubrication characteristics.The developed scheme is able to determine the total pressure,lubricant pressure,film thickness and real contact area at any point within the work zone.The prediction and analysis of mixed lubrication characteristics at the interface is meaningful to better control the surface quality and optimize the rolling process.

Numerical investigation of unsteady mixing mechanism in plate film cooling

A large-scale large eddy simulation in high performance personal computer clusters is carried out to present unsteady mixing mechanism of film cooling and the development of films. Simulation cases include a single-hole plate with the inclined angle of 30° and blowing ratio of 0.5, and a single-row plate with hole-spacing of 1.5D and 2D （diameters of the hole）. According to the massive simulation results, some new unsteady phenomena of gas films are found. The vortex system is changed in different position with the development of film cooling with the time marching the process of a single-row plate film cooling. Due to the mutual interference effects including mutual exclusion, a certain periodic sloshing and mutual fusion, and the structures of a variety of vortices change between parallel gas films. Macroscopic flow structures and heat transfer behaviors are obtained based on 20 million grids and Reynolds number of 28600.

基于激光自混合干涉的磁场测量方法研究

针对光纤磁流体磁场传感器易受环境干扰及磁流体薄膜制作工艺复杂的问题,激光自混合干涉具有抗干扰能力强、稳定性好的特点,提出一种基于空间光的水平偏振激光自混合干涉的磁场测量方法,在外部磁场的作用下,水平偏振自混合干涉信号幅值发生变化,在一定范围内,磁场与信号幅值变化成正比,通过用施加磁场前后信号幅值的均值比与磁场的变化关系实现对磁场的传感检测。经过实验验证,信号的幅值在1%浓度的磁流体中衰减明显,薄膜厚度为0.5 mm,减小了薄膜的制作难度。在实验结果中对5.02 mt到19.112 mt磁场强度范围内的均值比进行线性拟合,相对误差最小为0.17%。

主流马赫数对超声速气膜冷却流场特性及冷却效率的影响

着眼于离散孔形式的气膜冷却在高超声速飞行器热防护中的应用,为更深入探究超声速气膜冷却流场结构特征以及激波对气膜冷却的耦合作用机理,采用三维可压缩RANS数值仿真方法,研究了不同主流马赫数条件下气膜冷却的流动和传热特性。结果表明,主流超声速条件下,冷却射流的阻碍作用使得气膜冷却孔上游出现激波,且随着主流马赫数的增大,激波强度增大;激波诱导主流沿展向偏转而远离气膜冷却孔中心区域,弱化了主流和冷却射流的相互作用,降低了冷却射流在展向的掺混耗散。因此,在主流超声速条件下气膜冷却覆盖效果更佳、距离更长,且整体气膜冷却效率随着主流马赫数的增大而提高。

基于ZrO_(2)-SiO_(2)和介孔SiO_(2)凝胶膜制备可见光区双层减反射膜

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正丙醇锆、正硅酸四乙酯为原料,在乙醇体系中以原位混合方式成功制备ZrO_(2)-SiO_(2)混合溶胶,Zr摩尔分数为20%~80%。在熔融石英基底上镀制混合凝胶膜,所得ZrO_(2)-SiO_(2)薄膜折射率在1.55~1.75之间可调。以有序介孔SiO_(2)薄膜为外层,选择与之匹配的ZrO_(2)-SiO_(2)薄膜为内层,构建λ/4~λ/2双层宽谱带减反射涂层。根据实际膜层的光学常数进行双层膜的优化设计,成功制备出在可见光区平均透射率达到99.17%的双层减反射薄膜。

双层SiO_(2)宽谱带减反射涂层的制备及性能表征

采用无模板溶胶-凝胶法,成功制备在可见光范围内具有高透射率和良好疏水性的宽谱带减反射双层SiO_(2)涂层。采用提拉法在石英基底上沉积SiO_(2)双层涂层,底层和顶层的折射率分别为1.34和1.15。其中,底层由酸催化和碱催化混合SiO_(2)溶胶制备得到,顶层薄膜的溶胶是使用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)作为改性剂,制备得到三甲基硅烷化的SiO_(2)纳米粒子体系。根据优化膜系设计要求,选择合适工艺参数镀制双层涂层,测试结果显示,SiO_(2)双层涂层在可见光区的平均透射率为98.64%,静态水接触角可达134°。

热拌沥青混合料拌和和易性的评价方法

基于沥青混合料的材料组成及分布,采用扫描电镜(SEM)测定热拌沥青混合料中集料表面裹附的沥青膜厚度,并提出一种拌和和易性评价指标.采用集料分布均匀性和压实度测试结果进一步验证和分析不同热拌沥青混合料拌和和易性的变化规律.结果表明:沥青种类、级配类型及拌和温度对热拌沥青混合料拌和和易性影响作用不同;沥青膜在集料表面裹附得越均匀,热拌沥青混合料的拌和和易性就越好,集料分布的离散性越小,热拌沥青混合料成型的压实度越大.

调色在影视艺术后期制作中的重要性及方法研究

网络技术发展背景下,人们对影视作品的质量要求越来越高。色彩处理在影视作品后期制作过程中发挥着重要作用,通过数字调色技术的有效性应用,能够对拍摄过程中的色彩、明暗等问题进行有效修正,增加画面质感,充分发挥色彩在影视作品中的渲染氛围、营造意境等作用,同时能够辅助人物抒发情感,强化光影艺术效果,促进影视艺术后期制作效果的提升。文章主要对调色3技术在影视艺术后期制作中的重要性以及应用方法进行分析,旨在进一步提高调色技术的应用效果,强化影视艺术的创作水平,增加影视画面质量,强化观众的视觉体验,增加观众满意度。

混二元酸二异丁酯的合成及其在建筑内墙涂料中的应用研究

利用已二酸工业生产的副产物混二元酸作为原料,通过采用正交试验对其酯化反应的合成工艺进行优化研究,筛选出最佳工艺条件,制备了一种性能优良的成膜助剂混二元酸二异丁酯。并对该成膜助剂进行了在建筑内墙涂料用乳液及建筑内墙乳胶涂料中应用测试评价,实验结果表明,合成的成膜助剂在建筑内墙涂料中的应用效果和性能与当前市场上普遍使用的十二酯醇成膜助剂完全相当,满足建筑内墙涂料对成膜助剂的使用性能要求。

Preparation and Characteristics of Stearic Acid/PEDOT(PSS) Langmuir-Blodgett Films

Mixed Stearic acid and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) Langmuir- Blodgett(LB) films were successfully fabricated by the conventional vertical dipping method.Stearic acid and PEDOT/PSS was dissolved in chloroform and spread on subphase containing 0.04wt% FeCl_3.Conductive Y-type mixed LB films was successfully prepared under the condition of surface pressure with 30 mN/m,pH 3.8,and 19℃.UV-VIS spectrum showed that well ordered layer-by-layer fabrication of mixed films were obtained and thickness of single layer film with about 5 nm was evaluated.The morphology image of mixed LB film was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).The conductivity of mixed LB film was about 1.8×10^(-5)S/cm and the film showed sensitivity to NH_3 at the same time.

Effects of high temperature rapid thermal annealing on Ge films grown on Si(001) substrate

Tensile strain, crystal quality, and surface morphology of 500 nm thick Ge films were improved after rapid thermal annealing at 900 ℃ for a short period （〈 20 s）. The films were grown on Si（001） substrates by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition. These improvements are attributed to relaxation and defect annihilation in the Ge films. However, after prolonged （〉 20 s） rapid thermal annealing, tensile strain and crystal quality degenerated. This phenomenon results from intensive Si-Ge mixing at high temperature.

Light Amplification in Non-photorefractive Doped Polymer Film at Red Light Wavelength

Experimental studies of light amplification with dynamic multiwave gratings recorded in an acceptor-donor-substituted azobenzene-doped poly(methyl methacrylate)thin film by multi-wave mixing are reported.The amplification gain was measured to be as high as 6.7,and the operation at red light wavelength decreases the absorption losses.

Effect of Composition and Morphology on Sensor Properties of Aerosol Deposited Nanostructured ZnO+In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>Films

The structural characteristics are investigated of nanoheterogeneous films comprising ZnO, In2 O3 and ZnO + In2 O3 composite produced by aerosol spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). The process utilizes water solutions of zinc chloride and indium nitrate precursors. The X-ray diffraction data show that the SPT process results in polycrystalline films of hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO, and In2 O3 crystals of cubic structure. SPT-synthesized ZnO + In2 O3composites contain mixtures of these crystals. The morphology of the synthesized films is studied by scanning electron microscopy as well as the dependence of morphology on the synthesis conditions, specifically the temperature of the aerosol precipitation and the concentration of the precursors in solutions. The characteristics of nucleation and growth of oxide crystals during the synthesis of ZnO + In2 O3 composite films are also considered. The film with the composition 25 wt% ZnO + 75 wt% In2 O3 contains a large number of small crystal aggregates of arbitrary shape with a high density of contacts between the aggregates and are characterized by a homogeneous structure with high dispersion. Such morphology has high specific surface, which favors high sensory response. In addition, in this range of aggregate composition the relationship between the particles of the catalytically active component- ZnO, cleavage of hydrogen molecule, and In2 O3particles with a high concentration of conduction electrons is close to optimal for the maximum sensory effect in the detection of hydrogen.

Numerical simulation of 3D viscous flow field of air cooled turbine blades with coolant mixing

To improve thrust and reduce oil consumption of aero-engines, the temperature at turbine inlet is becoming higher and higher, which leads to heavy thermal load of vanes. To efficiently cool the vanes, the mass of coolant with its maximum gas mass flow exceeding to 20% of main stream, has to be increased. In the present paper, a two-stage turbine with and without coolant mixing was simulated by CFX-TASCflow. Simulation results indicate that the flow field structure with coolant is obviously different from that without coolant, and the former has characteristics of lower-speed main flow, reduced mach number, weaker shock intensity and decreased stage efficiency.