Use of oilseed crops biomass for heavy metal treatment in water

The treatment of heavy metals in water is of high importance worldwide,and different treatment types have been developed.The use of plant material is becoming more and more important,and oilseed crops biomass have been investigated in terms of phytoremediation and biosorption processes.This article is a review of the literature reporting the applications in 10 different plants and evaluating the removal efficiencies for 12 metals,including the findings of 81 publications.Moringa olifera and Helianthus annuus are the most studied plants,whereas Cu(21.9%),Cd(18.5%),and Pb(19.9%)are the most studied metals.As a result,it was found that more than 90%of Pb,Cu,Cd,Fe,Zn,Ni,Cr,Sr and Mn showed removals in their experiments.At the same time,the variables most related to the efficiency of metal removal are pH,temperature,and contact time.This article includes a review of the biosorption isotherms used in the different studies.

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.)in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie(.Eruca sativa Mill.)in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA)markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing eco-types in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands. Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means(UPGMA)suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0.117 8 between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.

Exogenous Selenium Mitigates Salt Stress in Soybean by Improving Growth,Physiology,Glutathione Homeostasis and Antioxidant Defense

The mechanism of selenium(Se)-induced salt tolerance was studied in moderately sensitive soybean(Glycine max L.)plants.To execute this view,soybean plants were imposed with salt stress(EC 6 dS m^(−1))applying NaCl.In other treatments,Se(0,25,50 and 75μM Na_(2)SeO_(4))was sprayed as co-application with that level of salt stress.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,SPAD value decreased noticeably under salt stress.Altered proline(Pro)level,together with decreased leaf relative water content(RWC)was observed in salt-affected plants.Salt stress resulted in brutal oxidative damage and increased the content of H_(2)O_(2),MDA level and electrolyte leakage.Exogenous Se spray alleviated oxidative damage through boosting up the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and glutathione reductase(GR),as well as by improving non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione(GSH)and GSH/glutathione disulfide(GSSG).The upregulated antioxidant defense system,restored Pro and leaf RWC,higher SPAD value conferred better growth and development in Se-sprayed salt-affected soybean plants which altogether put forth for the progressive yield contributing parameters and finally,seed yield.Among different doses of Se,soybean plants sprayed with 50μM Na_(2)SeO_(4)showed better salt tolerance.