Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System and Preliminary Construction of ISSR Fingerprinting of Some Species in Bryaceae

[Objective] The aim was to provide molecular basis for the identification of species in the moss family Bryaceae by the construction of inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） fingerprinting. [Method] In order to seek standardizing PCR reaction set-up, an orthogonal design was used to optimize ISSR-PCR amplification system of Bryaceae in five factors （Mg2＋, dNTPs, primer, DNA template, Taq DNA polymerase） at four levels respectively. [Result] A suitable ISSR reaction system was obtained, namely： 20 μl reaction system containing 5 ng of DNA template, 0.2 μmol/L primer, 2.25 mmol/L MgCl2, 0.6 U of Taq DNA polymerase, 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs. Proper annealing temperature was found at 48-50 ℃.The above system and six ISSR-PCR primers were used for the PCR amplification of 14 samples from Bryaceae and the related species in Mniaceae. A total of 86 bands were amplified, all showed polymorphism. NJ cluster analysis showed a star-shaped cladogram. [Conclusion] The results manifested that ISSR fingerprinting could provide the appropriate degree of polymorphism at low taxonomic level, so it would be a useful tool to provide additional evidence for resolving taxonomic relationships at the species level of Bryaceae.

Relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and hamstring flexibility and strength

Background:Hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury) due to excessive muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports.The relationships among hamstring muscle optimal lengths and hamstring flexibility and strength were unknown,which limited our understanding of risk factors for hamstring injury.This study was aimed at examining the relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and flexibility and strength.Methods:Hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength data and three-dimensional kinematic data for hamstring isokinetic tests were collected for11 male and 10 female recreational athletes.The maximal hamstring muscle forces,optimal lengths,and muscle lengths in standing were determined for each participant.Results:Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were significantly correlated to hamstring flexibility score and gender,but not to hamstring strength.The greater the flexibility score,the longer the hamstring muscle optimal length.With the same flexibility score,females tend to have shorter hamstring optimal muscle lengths compared to males.Hamstring flexibility score and hamstring strength were not correlated.Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were longer than but not significantly correlated to corresponding hamstring muscle lengths in standing.Conclusion:Hamstring flexibility may affect hamstring muscle maximum strain in movements.With similar hamstring flexibility,hamstring muscle maximal strain in a given movement may be different between genders.Hamstring muscle lengths in standing should not be used as an approximation of their optimal lengths in calculation of hamstring muscle strain in musculoskeletal system modeling.

Optimization of evidence-based research in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease with traditional Chinese medicine:A comprehensive review

Coronary heart disease(CHD) has severely impacted the lives and health of patients for ages. Although the modern methods used for the prevention and treatment of CHD have been increasingly perfected,clinical problems remain that require solutions. In the prevention and treatment of CHD with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), great therapeutic advantages have been demonstrated. However, the expression of its advantages relies on scientific evidence-based research and evaluation, which require further optimization and improvement. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively emphasize our understanding of the current deficiencies in TCM evidence-based studies and the necessity of adopting scientific evidence-based optimization methods for use in research. In this process, evidence should be produced in a standard manner, and the advantages of TCM patterns should be accurately stated because these factors contribute to efficient transformation and proper verification of the obtained evidence.Additionally, focusing on patient-oriented medicine and doctor-patient relationships is also essential.These methods are of great significance to prove the clinical efficacy of TCM and promote its development.

Research on the Optimal Vegetation Cover for Remote Sensing Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk Using the Temporal Matching Relationship between Rainfall and Vegetation

Vegetation cover derived from remote sensing image is widely used for soil erosion risk assessment, but there is no clear guideline to select the most appropriate temporal satellite data. It is common practice that satellite data during growing season are randomly selected and used in soil erosion risk assessment. However, the effectiveness of vegetation in protecting the soil is quite different even if it is the same growing season since vegetation covers change as they grow. This article aims to provide a method of choosing optimal vegetation cover for studying soil erosion risk using remote sensing, that is, the vegetation cover in the most appropriate temporal period. Based on the temporal relationship of the two most active impact factors, rainfall and vegetation, an index of RV is developed and used to indicate the relative erosion risk during the year. The results show that annual variation of rainfall is significant, and vegetation is relatively stable, resulting in their matching relationship is different in each year. The correlation coefficient reaches 0.89 between RV and real sediment transport during the period when rainfall can cause soil erosion. In other words, RV is a good indicator of soil erosion. Therefore, there is a good correlation between RV maximum and the optimal vegetation cover, which can help facilitate erosion research in the future, showing good potential for successful application in other places.

“City-Scene” Characteristics and Optimization Strategies Research on Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Post-Three Gorges Era

In the long-term symbiotic evolution process,the town areas along the Yangtze River and its natural and cultural landscapes have presented a sound "city-scene" landscape form. But with the implementation of the Three Gorges project,the town relocation as well as the flooding in the natural and human landscape area,the original harmonious "city-scene" pattern started to collapse and fell into the situation of "fragmentation" and "islanding". The differentiation between city and landscape,uncoordinated scale and fractured urban context become pressing issues that affect the integral form optimization of the town areas. This paper aims at responding to the call of the government about proceeding the construction of the Yangtze River economic belt under the ecological and green strategy and seeking an attuned "cityscene" relationship of the town area. Based on the analysis of the dynamic evolution of the "city-scene" relationship,the paper also pointed out that the urban construction around the reservoir area in the postThree Gorges era was the key stage of "scene-city" integration and symbiosis while the maintenance of scenery pattern,the harmony of space scale and the protection of living culture should be applied as the vital strategies.

Electric vehicle optimal scheduling method considering charging piles matching based on edge intelligence

To adress the problems of insufficient consideration of charging pile resource limitations,discrete-time scheduling methods that do not meet the actual demand and insufficient descriptions of peak-shaving response capability in current electric vehicle(EV)opti-mization scheduling,edge intelligence-oriented electric vehicle optimization scheduling and charging station peak-shaving response capability assessment methods are proposed on the basis of the consideration of electric vehicle and charging pile matching.First,an edge-intelligence-oriented electric vehicle regulation frame for charging stations is proposed.Second,continuous time variables are used to represent the available charging periods,establish the charging station controllable EV load model and the future available charging pile mathematical model,and establish the EV and charging pile matching matrix and constraints.Then,with the goal of maximizing the user charging demand and reducing the charging cost,the charging station EV optimal scheduling model is established,and the EV peak response capacity assessment model is further established by considering the EV load shifting constraints under different peak response capacities.Finally,a typical scenario of a real charging station is taken as an example for the analysis of optimal EV scheduling and peak shaving response capacity,and the proposed method is compared with the traditional method to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.

社区托育服务合作供给中的多元主体关系困境与优化路径

社区托育服务的合作供给已成为创新托育服务供给方式和构建高质量托育服务体系的有效举措。通过对社区托育服务合作供给中的多元主体进行划分,并对“四元主体”之间的关系样态进行检验发现,托育机构对地方政府的资源依赖、地方政府对托育机构的力量牵制、地方政府对基层社区的责任转移、基层社区对托育家庭的权威表达以及托育家庭对托育机构的行动抵牾正成为牵制社区托育服务有效供给的主要因素。为进一步提升社区托育服务的供给效率和供给品质,需要从明确托育主体权责边界,增进托育主体关系互信;调和托育主体利益关系,强化托育主体合作规范;提升托育机构专业水平,增强托育家庭服务认同;健全托育服务供给机制,完善托育主体行动秩序四个方面寻找社区托育服务合作供给中多元主体关系的优化路径。

拉考沙胺国外儿童群体药动学模型外部验证和精准用药

目的采用真实世界收集的病例数据验证国外报道的拉考沙胺儿童群体药动学(PPK)模型的预测性能,同时分析暴露-效应关系并模拟优化给药方案。方法收集64例年龄4~13.42岁癫痫患儿口服拉考沙胺达稳态后的血药浓度数据和临床资料,通过拟合优度图和直观预测检验考察国外模型的预测准确性。分析拉考沙胺给药日剂量或谷浓度与临床疗效的关系,并基于药动学参数采用蒙特卡罗模拟评价和筛选拉考沙胺用于不同体质量分层及联合用药情况下最佳给药剂量方案。结果外部验证结果显示国外儿童PPK模型的预测准确性较好。基于模型采用贝叶斯法得到拉考沙胺单药治疗癫痫儿童的药动学参数分别为:吸收速率常数(k a)=(2.43±0.04)h^(-1),表观分布容积(V d/F)=(22.69±6.00)L,清除率(CL/F)=(1.25±0.27)L·h^(-1),半衰期(t 1/2)=(12.74±2.40)h。临床有效病例日剂量5%~95%分位数分布区间为2.5~6.3 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),谷浓度5%~95%分位数分布区间为1.9~6.7 mg·L^(-1)。模拟结果显示,按该研究推荐的拉考沙胺优化给药方案可提高药物浓度的达标概率,保障治疗的有效性和耐受性。结论该研究验证了拉考沙胺国外儿童PPK模型的预测性能,并基于此模型模拟了优化给药方案,可为临床医生个体化合理用药提供参考。

配网工程施工工序多目标优化技术研究

由于施工项目中工期与成本之间存在密切的相关性,导致工序规划下的项目推进效果与预期存在一定偏差,为此,提出配网工程施工工序多目标优化技术研究。对整个施工项目进行初步分解,再从工序的角度,利用Gantt图对各分解结果进行细分,并以相连工序持续时间最长的一组线路为基准,确定施工总工期;结合配网项目施工工期与直接成本、间接成本之间的变动关系,确定了施工总成本;在工序优化阶段,以确定施工总工期为约束,围绕关键线路,对网工程Gantt图中的工序进行调整,直至施工总成本控制在预算范围内。在测试结果中,不仅具体的成本投入(147.59万元)低于预算值(150.0万元),对应的工期(95天)也比预期(100天)缩短了5天。

Mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device

Mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two-phase flow at microscale is the basis of application of microreactor in gas–liquid reaction systems.At present,few researches on the mass transfer property of annular flow have been reported.Therefore,the mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device are studied in the present study.We find that the main factors,i.e.,flow pattern,liquid film thickness,liquid hydraulic retention time,phase interface fluctuation,and gas flow vorticity,which influence the flow mass transfer property,are directly affected both by gas and liquid flow velocities.But the influences of gas and liquid velocities on different mass transfer influencing factors are different.Thereout,the fitting relationships between gas and liquid flow velocities and mass transfer influencing factors are established.By comparing the results from calculations using fitting equations and simulations,it shows that the fitting equations have relatively high degrees of accuracy.Finally,the Pareto front,namely the Pareto optimal solution set,of gas and liquid velocity conditions for the best flow mass transfer property is obtained using the method of multi-objective particle swarm optimization.It is proved that the mass transfer property of the gas–liquid two-phase flow can be obviously enhanced under the guidance of the obtained Pareto optimal solution set through experimental verification.

Water-cut rising mechanism and optimized water injection technology for deepwater turbidite sandstone oilfield: A case study of AKPO Oilfield in Niger Delta Basin, West Africa

Through the analysis of the reservoir connection relationship and the water-cut rising rules after water breakthrough in the highly volatile oil AKPO oilfield, a new model of water-cut rising was established, and the timing and strategy of water injection were put forward. The water-cut rising shapes of producers after water breakthrough can be divided into three types, and their water-cut rising mechanism is mainly controlled by reservoir connectivity. For the producers which directly connect with injectors in the single-phase sand body of the single-phase channel or lobe with good reservoir connectivity, the water-cut rising curve is "sub-convex". For the producers which connect with injectors through sand bodies developed in multi-phases with good inner sand connectivity but poorer physical property and connectivity at the overlapping parts of sands, the response to water injection is slow and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-concave". For the producers which connect with injectors through multi-phase sand bodies with reservoir physical properties, connectivity in between the former two and characteristics of both direct connection and overlapping connection, the response to water injection is slightly slower and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-S". Based on ratio relationship of oil and water relative permeability, a new model of water cut rising was established. Through the fitting analysis of actual production data, the optimal timing and corresponding technology for water injection after water breakthrough were put forward. Composite channel and lobe reservoirs can adopt water injection strategies concentrating on improving the vertical sweep efficiency and areal sweep efficiency respectively. This technology has worked well in the AKPO oilfield and can guide the development of similar oilfields.

Accurate Registration of Remote Sensing Images Based on Local Optimal Transformation

As the basic work of image stitching and object recognition,image registration played an important part in the image processing field.Much previous work in registration accuracy and realtime performance progressed very slowly,especially in registrating images with line feature.An innovative method for image registration based on lines is proposed,it can effectively improve the accuracy and real-time performance of image registration.The line feature can deal with some registration problems where point feature does not work.Our registration process is divided into two parts.The first part determines the rough registration transformation relation between reference image and test image.Then the similarity degree among different transformation and modified nonmaximum suppression(MNMS)algorithms are obtained,which produce local optimal solution to optimize the rough registration transformation.The final optimal registration relation can be obtained from two registration parts according to the match scores.The experimental results show that the proposed method makes a more accurate registration relation and performs better in real-time situation.

基于系统结构的水利高质量发展内涵与结构解析

准确把握水利高质量发展内涵,是实施新时代水利发展战略的重要前提。通过系统梳理高质量发展和水利发展的研究进展,基于系统观,分析了水利高质量发展的基本概念体系和核心要义;基于系统结构及系统优化视角,构建了由水利高质量发展目标、发展途径、发展条件三要素组成的水利高质量发展系统的关系结构。结果表明:水利高质量发展既是水利系统优化的发展理念,也是实现系统治水的发展措施;将水利高质量发展目标解析为水旱灾害防御安全、水资源供给安全、水生态保护安全和水环境保护安全保障以及高质量水利共享;五大新发展理念内化于水利高质量发展系统的关系结构之中,其中水资源禀赋和绿色发展是前提基础和约束条件,开放是其外在环境条件和内在体现,水利科技创新、水资源优化配置、水资源集约节约利用、水利系统现代化管理、水利基础设施建设和水安全系统功能协调是发展的重要优化途径,高质量水安全保障与满足人民需求的高质量水利共享是发展目标的核心内容。基于系统结构及系统优化问题视角深入剖析水利高质量发展的系统结构及其内在关系,可进一步深化对水利高质量发展的内涵认识,为区域水利高质量发展综合定量评价奠定基础。

考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

森林生态系统服务多功能性:概念、指标和经营模拟模型

森林生态系统同时提供多种功能和服务的能力,被称为森林生态系统多功能性,可分为生态系统功能多功能性和生态系统服务多功能性。近年来,生态学领域对生物多样性与多功能性关系机理、多功能性驱动因子等进行了大量研究,这些研究持续成为热点。然而,这些研究成果在实际应用,尤其是在指导森林经营实践方面,尚显不足。森林经营一直以实现多种功能或服务的最大化为目标,但目前还缺乏与生态学中多功能性理论研究的有机联系,迫切需要将二者结合。本文对国际国内森林生态系统服务多功能性的概念、指标、评价方法、经营模拟和优化模型进行了综述,认为预测森林生态系统服务及多功能性、在森林经营单位层面实现多功能性最大化是将来的研究方向。因此,需要加强森林经营模型模拟研究,寻找减少不同服务间冲突、增加协同(即增加多功能性)的经营策略,回答森林经营和气候变化如何影响生态系统服务间的权衡和协调关系及其时空变化等理论和实际问题。

领导行为与企业文化塑造的互动关系分析

本文旨在深入探讨领导行为与企业文化塑造之间的互动关系,通过理论阐述与真实案例分析,揭示两者如何相互依存、互相影响,并共同推动企业持续发展。本文首先阐述了领导行为与企业文化之间的互动关系,随后从价值观传承、行为规范引导、企业精神弘扬等方面分析领导行为对企业文化塑造的影响,进而探讨企业文化对领导行为的反作用,包括约束与规范、提供决策支持与资源保障、激发创新潜能等方面,最后根据两者之间的互动关系,提出了优化领导行为与企业文化互动关系的策略。

宽体飞机地面主轮协同转弯控制律设计

主轮协同转弯技术能有效提高飞机的地面机动性,降低主起落架在转弯过程中受到的附加侧向扭矩,减小重载飞机地面转弯半径,但目前实现此技术的前主轮转角控制律设计方法尚不明确。提出以主起落架受力为约束条件,计算不同滑行速度下的前主轮转角关系,在全速度范围内进行分段选择并离散化,据此设计前主轮协同转弯控制律,以原理样机为对象进行仿真分析,验证了该控制律能有效降低两侧主起落架扭矩和的峰值。提出的设计方法对多轮系地面运载装备的复合转弯控制律设计具有一定的理论指导意义。

立德树人背景下导学关系现实困难与优化对策

导师是研究生培养的第一责任人,导学关系和谐程度直接关系着研究生育人成效。新时代立德树人背景下,导学关系正面临严峻考验。该文从优化研究生的招生和培养制度,提升导师育人能力,探索导学对话机制,强化立德树人根本任务意识方面,对克服导学关系现实困难提出应对策略。

基于帕累托前沿关系求解约束多目标优化问题

为解决约束多目标优化问题中的平衡约束满足与目标函数优化以及可行域复杂等挑战,提出了基于不同帕累托前沿关系的分类搜索方法。提出一种双种群双阶段框架:进化一个辅助种群Pa和一个主种群Pm,并将进化过程分为学习阶段和搜索阶段。学习阶段,种群Pa向UPF(unconstrained Pareto front)进行搜索,而种群Pm向CPF(constrained Pareto front)进行搜索,旨在探索UPF与CPF之间的关系;完成学习后,对不同问题的UPF与CPF关系进行分类,以指导后续搜索策略;在搜索阶段,根据不同的分类关系,调整种群Pa的搜索策略,旨在使种群Pa为种群Pm提供更有效的辅助信息。基于此算法框架,对不同类型约束多目标优化问题的帕累托前沿关系进行了分类,实现了对CPF更有效的搜索。实验结果表明:所提算法与其他7种先进的约束多目标优化算法相比具有更显著的性能优势。通过学习与利用UPF与CPF的关系,能够选择更合适的搜索策略去应对具有不同特性的约束多目标优化问题,以获得更具优势的最终解集。

断控缝洞型油藏注采井间油水界面预测方法

断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏受大型克拉通内走滑断裂控制和改造,其纵向多发育为断裂复合储层体(裂缝-溶洞体),该储集体既是油气运移通道,又是储层空间,其空间及配置关系复杂.为实现注水开发过程中油水界面和见水规律的准确分类及预测,并提供后续开发方案和对策指导,以单一溶洞下的油水界面运移特征为基础,利用物质平衡方程建立一种新的断控缝洞型油藏多溶洞连通下的油水运移数学模型,基于稳态逐步替换法形成了注采井间动态油水界面实时追踪预测方法.与常规数值模拟方法相比,该模型构建简易,计算效率高,综合考虑了油水密度差异和井-裂缝-溶洞间的复杂纵向配置关系,能够较为准确预测生产井的见水规律、各溶洞油水界面运移位置及剩余油分布等各项开发指标.研究结果表明,多缝洞开发单元受生产制度和缝-洞储层参数影响,油井生产期将出现3个阶段(纯油、油水同产和纯水期);合理的采油速度与注水量可有效保持地层压力,兼顾采出程度和裂缝应力敏感效应;裂缝传导率越高,储层能量恢复越快,油水界面上升也变快;随着注采井间溶洞体积及裂缝传导率差异增大,油水同产期将变长.最后,对比Eclipse数值模拟器与本研究模型计算结果,分析溶洞体物性参数(渗透率和孔隙度)对油水界面运移速度的影响.鉴于目前断控缝洞型油藏地质构造及裂缝-溶洞体配置关系的多样性,开展多井生产动态与模型预测结果的实时拟合工作是目前油水界面评价与追踪的有效方法.本研究模型为断控缝洞型油藏见水预警、注采参数优化及剩余油挖潜对策制定提供了基础理论与方法.