Reovirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, can infect many types of cancer cells and cause oncolysis. Mammalian reovirus has exhibited promising anticancer activity in clinical trials and holds great advantages and promis...Reovirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, can infect many types of cancer cells and cause oncolysis. Mammalian reovirus has exhibited promising anticancer activity in clinical trials and holds great advantages and promise as an anticancer agent. Reovirus is not associated with any serious human diseases, naturally targets and destroys tumors, and lacks the DNA synthesis stage, thus avoiding potential DNA insertion mutations. This review discusses the properties of reovirus related to oncolysis and the mechanisms of oncolytic selection, and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies that have led to the current Phase III trial. In addition, three major challenges in the development of reovirus-mediated oncolytic therapy are discussed. These are: the mechanisms of reovirus oncolysis remain to be fully characterized;the host immune responses should be manipulated to enhance viral anti-tumor effects;and the efficacy of reovirus oncolysis may be further improved by developing new vectors and studying other double-stranded RNA viruses.展开更多
In a previous report we had reported on the discovery of a novel bispecific immunoglobulin expressed by colonic epithelial cells as they transform into immunomimetic cells during exfoliation (Albaugh <i>et al. &...In a previous report we had reported on the discovery of a novel bispecific immunoglobulin expressed by colonic epithelial cells as they transform into immunomimetic cells during exfoliation (Albaugh <i>et al. </i> (2020) <i>Open Journal of Preventive Medicine</i>, 10, 126-150). Colonic cells isolated from 0.5 gm aliquots of fresh stools (SCSR-10, Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD) preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% were used to determine the number of cells expressing this novel bispecific immunoglobulin. Over the course of this period (18 years) we recognized that these cells opened the opportunity to investigate the expression of cell membrane biomarkers. As the applications grew, we introduced a new terminology, termed COPROCYTOBIOLOGY*. In this study, we surveyed a cohort of 58 free-living adults for the expression of the newly discovered bi-specific chimeric antibody. Almost all of the subjects showed a strong signal during flow-cytometric evaluation of their stool samples;averaging around 65%. However, two subjects exhibited a total loss of this signal and both these individuals were of African-American lineage (one male and one female). These cells upon culturing <i>in vitro</i> remained defective in contrast to the rest of the group where their progeny continued to generate the antibody. We propose that this signals the existence of a germ-line deletion of the gene for which a novel test (MEDISHIELD†) is suggested. This syndrome may be associated with a lack of response to prophylactic vaccines involving m-RNA.展开更多
Background Our previous studies have demonstrated potent oncolysis efficacy of the E1A, E1B double-restricted replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 for treatment of bladder cancer. Here, we reported the ...Background Our previous studies have demonstrated potent oncolysis efficacy of the E1A, E1B double-restricted replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 for treatment of bladder cancer. Here, we reported the feasibility and efficacy of AxdAdB-3 alone, or in combination with gemcitabine for treating renal cell carcinoma.展开更多
文摘Reovirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, can infect many types of cancer cells and cause oncolysis. Mammalian reovirus has exhibited promising anticancer activity in clinical trials and holds great advantages and promise as an anticancer agent. Reovirus is not associated with any serious human diseases, naturally targets and destroys tumors, and lacks the DNA synthesis stage, thus avoiding potential DNA insertion mutations. This review discusses the properties of reovirus related to oncolysis and the mechanisms of oncolytic selection, and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies that have led to the current Phase III trial. In addition, three major challenges in the development of reovirus-mediated oncolytic therapy are discussed. These are: the mechanisms of reovirus oncolysis remain to be fully characterized;the host immune responses should be manipulated to enhance viral anti-tumor effects;and the efficacy of reovirus oncolysis may be further improved by developing new vectors and studying other double-stranded RNA viruses.
文摘In a previous report we had reported on the discovery of a novel bispecific immunoglobulin expressed by colonic epithelial cells as they transform into immunomimetic cells during exfoliation (Albaugh <i>et al. </i> (2020) <i>Open Journal of Preventive Medicine</i>, 10, 126-150). Colonic cells isolated from 0.5 gm aliquots of fresh stools (SCSR-10, Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD) preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% were used to determine the number of cells expressing this novel bispecific immunoglobulin. Over the course of this period (18 years) we recognized that these cells opened the opportunity to investigate the expression of cell membrane biomarkers. As the applications grew, we introduced a new terminology, termed COPROCYTOBIOLOGY*. In this study, we surveyed a cohort of 58 free-living adults for the expression of the newly discovered bi-specific chimeric antibody. Almost all of the subjects showed a strong signal during flow-cytometric evaluation of their stool samples;averaging around 65%. However, two subjects exhibited a total loss of this signal and both these individuals were of African-American lineage (one male and one female). These cells upon culturing <i>in vitro</i> remained defective in contrast to the rest of the group where their progeny continued to generate the antibody. We propose that this signals the existence of a germ-line deletion of the gene for which a novel test (MEDISHIELD†) is suggested. This syndrome may be associated with a lack of response to prophylactic vaccines involving m-RNA.
文摘Background Our previous studies have demonstrated potent oncolysis efficacy of the E1A, E1B double-restricted replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 for treatment of bladder cancer. Here, we reported the feasibility and efficacy of AxdAdB-3 alone, or in combination with gemcitabine for treating renal cell carcinoma.
