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Cross-upgrading of biomass hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis for high quality blast furnace injection fuel production:Physicochemical characteristics and gasification kinetics analysis 被引量:1
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作者 Han Dang Runsheng Xu +2 位作者 Jianliang Zhang Mingyong Wang Jinhua Li 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期268-281,共14页
The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile con... The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile content of biochar ranged from 16.19%to 45.35%,and the alkali metal content,ash content,and specific surface area were significantly reduced.The optimal route for biochar pro-duction is hydrothermal carbonization-pyrolysis(P-HC),resulting in biochar with a higher calorific value,C=C structure,and increased graphitization degree.The apparent activation energy(E)of the sample ranges from 199.1 to 324.8 kJ/mol,with P-HC having an E of 277.8 kJ/mol,lower than that of raw biomass,primary biochar,and anthracite.This makes P-HC more suitable for blast furnace injection fuel.Additionally,the paper proposes a path for P-HC injection in blast furnaces and calculates potential environmental benefits.P-HC of-fers the highest potential for carbon emission reduction,capable of reducing emissions by 96.04 kg/t when replacing 40wt%coal injec-tion. 展开更多
关键词 blast furnace injection BIOMASS cross-upgrading hydrothermal carbonization PYROLYSIS physicochemical properties gasific-ation properties
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Label Recovery and Trajectory Designable Network for Transfer Fault Diagnosis of Machines With Incorrect Annotation 被引量:1
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作者 Bin Yang Yaguo Lei +2 位作者 Xiang Li Naipeng Li Asoke K.Nandi 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第4期932-945,共14页
The success of deep transfer learning in fault diagnosis is attributed to the collection of high-quality labeled data from the source domain.However,in engineering scenarios,achieving such high-quality label annotatio... The success of deep transfer learning in fault diagnosis is attributed to the collection of high-quality labeled data from the source domain.However,in engineering scenarios,achieving such high-quality label annotation is difficult and expensive.The incorrect label annotation produces two negative effects:1)the complex decision boundary of diagnosis models lowers the generalization performance on the target domain,and2)the distribution of target domain samples becomes misaligned with the false-labeled samples.To overcome these negative effects,this article proposes a solution called the label recovery and trajectory designable network(LRTDN).LRTDN consists of three parts.First,a residual network with dual classifiers is to learn features from cross-domain samples.Second,an annotation check module is constructed to generate a label anomaly indicator that could modify the abnormal labels of false-labeled samples in the source domain.With the training of relabeled samples,the complexity of diagnosis model is reduced via semi-supervised learning.Third,the adaptation trajectories are designed for sample distributions across domains.This ensures that the target domain samples are only adapted with the pure-labeled samples.The LRTDN is verified by two case studies,in which the diagnosis knowledge of bearings is transferred across different working conditions as well as different yet related machines.The results show that LRTDN offers a high diagnosis accuracy even in the presence of incorrect annotation. 展开更多
关键词 Deep transfer learning domain adaptation incorrect label annotation intelligent fault diagnosis rotating machines
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Research progress and future prospects in the service security of key blast furnace equipment
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作者 Yanxiang Liu Kexin Jiao +3 位作者 Jianliang Zhang Cui Wang Lei Zhang Xiaoyue Fan 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期2121-2135,共15页
The safety and longevity of key blast furnace(BF)equipment determine the stable and low-carbon production of iron.This pa-per presents an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of these components and the uneve... The safety and longevity of key blast furnace(BF)equipment determine the stable and low-carbon production of iron.This pa-per presents an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of these components and the uneven distribution of cooling water in parallel pipes based on hydrodynamic principles,discusses the feasible methods for the improvement of BF cooling intensity,and reviews the pre-paration process,performance,and damage characteristics of three key equipment pieces:coolers,tuyeres,and hearth refractories.Fur-thermoere,to attain better control of these critical components under high-temperature working conditions,we propose the application of optimized technologies,such as BF operation and maintenance technology,self-repair technology,and full-lifecycle management techno-logy.Finally,we propose further researches on safety assessments and predictions for key BF equipment under new operating conditions. 展开更多
关键词 blast furnace EQUIPMENT service security blast furnace campaign SELF-REPAIR
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Process metallurgy and data-driven prediction and feedback of blast furnace heat indicators
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作者 Quan Shi Jue Tang Mansheng Chu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1228-1240,共13页
The prediction and control of furnace heat indicators are of great importance for improving the heat levels and conditions of the complex and difficult-to-operate hour-class delay blast furnace(BF)system.In this work,... The prediction and control of furnace heat indicators are of great importance for improving the heat levels and conditions of the complex and difficult-to-operate hour-class delay blast furnace(BF)system.In this work,a prediction and feedback model of furnace heat indicators based on the fusion of data-driven and BF ironmaking processes was proposed.The data on raw and fuel materials,process op-eration,smelting state,and slag and iron discharge during the whole BF process comprised 171 variables with 9223 groups of data and were comprehensively analyzed.A novel method for the delay analysis of furnace heat indicators was established.The extracted delay variables were found to play an important role in modeling.The method that combined the genetic algorithm and stacking efficiently im-proved performance compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm in improving the hit ratio of the furnace heat prediction model.The hit ratio for predicting the temperature of hot metal in the error range of±10℃ was 92.4%,and that for the chemical heat of hot metal in the error range of±0.1wt%was 93.3%.On the basis of the furnace heat prediction model and expert experience,a feedback model of furnace heat operation was established to obtain quantitative operation suggestions for stabilizing BF heat levels.These sugges-tions were highly accepted by BF operators.Finally,the comprehensive and dynamic model proposed in this work was successfully ap-plied in a practical BF system.It improved the BF temperature level remarkably,increasing the furnace temperature stability rate from 54.9%to 84.9%.This improvement achieved considerable economic benefits. 展开更多
关键词 blast furnace furnace heat genetic algorithm stacking prediction and feedback
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Coke behavior with H_(2)O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace:A review
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作者 Feng Zhou Daosheng Peng +5 位作者 Kejiang Li Alberto N.Conejo Haotian Liao Zixin Xiong Dongtao Li Jianliang Zhang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期959-976,共18页
Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO_(2)emissions in the ironmaking process.However,hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H_(2)O,which places new demand... Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO_(2)emissions in the ironmaking process.However,hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H_(2)O,which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace.In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace,the presence of H_(2)O promotes the solution loss reaction.This result improves the reactivity of coke,which is 20%-30%higher in a pure H_(2)O atmosphere than in a pure CO_(2)atmosphere.The activation energy range is 110-300 kJ/mol between coke and CO_(2)and 80-170 kJ/mol between coke and H_(2)O.CO_(2)and H_(2)O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H_(2)O on the structure and properties of coke.By exploring the interactions between H_(2)O and coke,several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified.This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes. 展开更多
关键词 hydrogen ironmaking coke behavior blast furnace GASIFICATION microstructure kinetics
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Oxygen-assisted zinc recovery from electric arc furnace dust using magnesium chloride
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作者 Jingdong Huang Xiao Yang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期2300-2311,共12页
Electric arc furnace(EAF)dust is an important secondary resource containing metals,such as zinc(Zn)and iron(Fe).Recover-ing Zn from EAF dust can contribute to resource recycling and reduce environmental impacts.Howeve... Electric arc furnace(EAF)dust is an important secondary resource containing metals,such as zinc(Zn)and iron(Fe).Recover-ing Zn from EAF dust can contribute to resource recycling and reduce environmental impacts.However,the high chemical stability of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)in EAF dust poses challenges to Zn recovery.To address this issue,a facile approach that involves oxygen-assisted chlorination using molten MgCl_(2)is proposed.This work focused on elucidating the role of O2 in the reaction between ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and molten MgCl_(2).The results demonstrate that MgCl_(2)effectively broke down the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)structure,and the high O2 atmosphere considerably promoted the sep-aration of Zn from other components in the form of ZnCl_(2).The presence of O2 facilitated the formation of MgFe_(2)O_(4),which stabilized Fe and prevented its chlorination.Furthermore,the excessive use of MgCl_(2)resulted in increased evaporation loss,and high temperatures pro-moted the rapid separation of Zn.Building on these findings,we successfully extracted ZnCl_(2)-enriched volatiles from practical EAF dust through oxygen-assisted chlorination.Under optimized conditions,this method achieved exceptional Zn chlorination percentage of over 97%within a short period,while Fe chlorination remained below 1%.The resulting volatiles contained 85wt%of ZnCl_(2),which can be further processed to produce metallic Zn.The findings offer guidance for the selective recovery of valuable metals,particularly from solid wastes such as EAF dust. 展开更多
关键词 electric arc furnace dust ZINC OXYGEN magnesium chloride CHLORINATION
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Extraction of Valuable Metals from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag by Acid Leaching
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作者 刘燕 CHEN Xuegui +2 位作者 MAO Shuaidong XIAO Yadong LI Jiacong 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期376-385,共10页
To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparat... To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparation of calcium carbonate” was proposed.In this study,the influences of process conditions on the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron and the phases of the leaching residue were investigated for the leaching process.The experimental results show that the HCl solution could selectively leach the elements from the titanium-containing blast furnace slag.The better leaching conditions are the HCl solution concentration of 4 mol/L,the leaching time of 30 min,the ratio of liquid volume to solid gas of 10 mL/g,and the stirring paddle speed of 300 r/min.Under the conditions,the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron can reach 85.87%,73.41%,81.35%,and 59.08%,and the leaching rate of titanium is 10.71%.The iron and the aluminum are removed from the leachate to obtain iron-aluminum water purification agents,and the magnesium is removed from the leachate to obtain magnesium hydroxide.The leaching residue phase is dominated by perovskite,followed by magnesium silicate and tricalcium aluminate,and the titaniumrich material could be obtained from the leaching residue by desiliconization. 展开更多
关键词 titanium-containing blast furnace slag acid leaching valuable metals comprehensive utilization
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Numerical investigation of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake to intensify the gas-slag momentum transfer in the top-blown smelting furnace
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作者 Zhanghao Wan Shiliang Yang +3 位作者 Desong Kong Dongbo Li Jianhang Hu Hua Wang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期301-314,共14页
The variation characteristics of bubble morphology and the thermal-physical properties of bubble boundary in the top-blown smelting furnace were explored by means of the computational fluid dynamics method.The essenti... The variation characteristics of bubble morphology and the thermal-physical properties of bubble boundary in the top-blown smelting furnace were explored by means of the computational fluid dynamics method.The essential aspects of the fluid phase(e.g.,splashing volume,dead zone of copper slag,and gas penetration depth)were explored together with the effect of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake on the momentum-transfer performance between phases.The results illustrated that two relatively larger vortices and two smaller vortices appear in the bubble waist and below the lance,respectively.The expansion of larger ones as well as the shrinking of smaller ones combine to cause the contraction of the bubble waist.Compared to the results of the case with a fixed gas injection velocity(V_(g)=58 m/s),the splashing volume and dead zone volume of the slag under the V_(g)=58+10sin(2πt)condition are reduced by 24.9%and 23.5%,respectively,where t represents the instant time.Gas penetration depth and slag motion velocity of the latter are 1.03 and 1.31 times high-er than those of the former,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 top-blown smelting furnace pulsed flow volume of fluid penetration depth splashing volume
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Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding
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作者 S.M.Taghavi Araghi A.Kiyoumarsi B.Mirzaeian Dehkordi 《CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems》 EI CSCD 2024年第3期264-273,共10页
Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are... Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation. 展开更多
关键词 Finite element analysis Five-phase machine Fractional slot concentrated winding(FSCW) machine slot/pole combination MMF harmonics Synchronous reluctance machine Winding factor
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A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope
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作者 Zhipeng Chen Xinyi Wang +3 位作者 Weihua Gui Jilin Zhu Chunhua Yang Zhaohui Jiang 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第4期893-906,共14页
Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material... Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting. 展开更多
关键词 Blast furnace(BF) burden surface extremely dim light industrial endoscope sensing imaging STARLIGHT
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Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability
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作者 Bin Wang Yuan Lu 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期309-340,共32页
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work.During the last 60 years,designing molecular structures capable of generat... Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work.During the last 60 years,designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research.Effective progress has been made,attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry,biology and nanotechnology,and informatics.However,individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality.In order to address these problems,collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm.In this review,we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines.In particular,collective behavior is divided into two paradigms.One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials.The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations.We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties.Subsequently,in order to address existing challenges,the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented,offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines. 展开更多
关键词 Molecular machines Collective control Collective behaviors DNA Biomolecular motors
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Analysis of the Influence of Oxygen Enrichment in the Blast on Temperature Field and NO_(x)Generation near the Burner in Reheating Furnace
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作者 Xiaojun Li Fuyong Su 《Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer》 EI 2024年第3期719-732,共14页
In order to study the effect of oxygen-enriched combustion technology on the temperature field and NOX emission in the continuous heating furnace,this paper studies the oxygen-enriched combustion of a pushing steel co... In order to study the effect of oxygen-enriched combustion technology on the temperature field and NOX emission in the continuous heating furnace,this paper studies the oxygen-enriched combustion of a pushing steel continuous heating furnace in a domestic company.This study utilizes numerical simulation method,establishes themathematicalmodels of flow,combustion andNOX generation combustion process in the furnace and analyzes the heat transfer process and NOX generation in the furnace under different air oxygen content and different wind ratio.The research results show that with the increase of oxygen content in the air,the combustion temperature in the furnace rises significantly,and the emission concentration of NOX increases.Furthermore,the NOX emission concentration is related to the proportion of primary and secondary air. 展开更多
关键词 Oxygen-enriched combustion heating furnace numerical simulation
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CFD modeling of gas−liquid flow phenomenon in lead smelting oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace
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作者 Zhen-yu ZHU Ping ZHOU +3 位作者 Xing-bang WAN Zhuo CHEN Ling ZHANG Shi-bo KUANG 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期2671-2685,共15页
A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath furnace.This model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion effec... A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath furnace.This model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion effect.Its modeling results were verified with theoretical correlations and experiments,and the nozzle-eroded states in practice were also involved in the analysis.Through comparison,it is confirmed that the thermal expansion effect influences the flow pattern significantly,which may lead to the backward motion of airflow and create a potential risk to production safety.Consequently,the influences of air injection velocity and furnace width on airflow behavior were investigated to provide operating and design guidance.It is found that the thin layer melt,which avoids high-rate oxygen airflow eroding nozzles,shrinks as the injection velocity increases,but safety can be guaranteed when the velocity ranges from 175 to 275 m/s.Moreover,the isoline patterns and heights of thin layers change slightly when the furnace width increases from 2.2 to 2.8 m,indicating that the furnace width shows a limited influence on production safety. 展开更多
关键词 multiphase flow horizontal gas injection backward motion of airflow gas thermal expansion side-blown furnace lead smelting
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Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and support vector machines for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in adolescents
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作者 Zhi-Hui Yu Ren-Qiang Yu +6 位作者 Xing-Yu Wang Wen-Yu Ren Xiao-Qin Zhang Wei Wu Xiao Li Lin-Qi Dai Ya-Lan Lv 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2024年第11期1696-1707,共12页
BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers base... BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls. 展开更多
关键词 Major depressive disorder ADOLESCENT Support vector machine machine learning Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging NEUROIMAGING BIOMARKER
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Differentially Private Support Vector Machines with Knowledge Aggregation
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作者 Teng Wang Yao Zhang +2 位作者 Jiangguo Liang Shuai Wang Shuanggen Liu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3891-3907,共17页
With the widespread data collection and processing,privacy-preserving machine learning has become increasingly important in addressing privacy risks related to individuals.Support vector machine(SVM)is one of the most... With the widespread data collection and processing,privacy-preserving machine learning has become increasingly important in addressing privacy risks related to individuals.Support vector machine(SVM)is one of the most elementary learning models of machine learning.Privacy issues surrounding SVM classifier training have attracted increasing attention.In this paper,we investigate Differential Privacy-compliant Federated Machine Learning with Dimensionality Reduction,called FedDPDR-DPML,which greatly improves data utility while providing strong privacy guarantees.Considering in distributed learning scenarios,multiple participants usually hold unbalanced or small amounts of data.Therefore,FedDPDR-DPML enables multiple participants to collaboratively learn a global model based on weighted model averaging and knowledge aggregation and then the server distributes the global model to each participant to improve local data utility.Aiming at high-dimensional data,we adopt differential privacy in both the principal component analysis(PCA)-based dimensionality reduction phase and SVM classifiers training phase,which improves model accuracy while achieving strict differential privacy protection.Besides,we train Differential privacy(DP)-compliant SVM classifiers by adding noise to the objective function itself,thus leading to better data utility.Extensive experiments on three high-dimensional datasets demonstrate that FedDPDR-DPML can achieve high accuracy while ensuring strong privacy protection. 展开更多
关键词 Differential privacy support vector machine knowledge aggregation data utility
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Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Process and Heat Loss Analysis in Siemens CVD Reduction Furnaces
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作者 Kunrong Shen Wanchun Jin Jin Wang 《Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer》 EI 2024年第5期1361-1379,共19页
The modified Siemens method is the dominant process for the production of polysilicon,yet it is characterised by high energy consumption.Two models of laboratory-grade Siemens reduction furnace and 12 pairs of rods in... The modified Siemens method is the dominant process for the production of polysilicon,yet it is characterised by high energy consumption.Two models of laboratory-grade Siemens reduction furnace and 12 pairs of rods industrial-grade Siemens chemical vapor deposition(CVD)reduction furnace were established,and the effects of factors such as the diameter of silicon rods,the surface temperature of silicon rods,the air inlet velocity and temperature on the heat transfer process inside the reduction furnace were investigated by numerical simulation.The results show that the convective and radiant heat losses in the furnace increased with the diameter of the silicon rods.Furthermore,the radiant heat loss of the inner and outer rings of silicon rods was inconsistent for the industrial-grade reduction furnace.As the surface temperature of the silicon rods increases,the convective heat loss in the furnace increases,while the radiative heat loss remains relatively constant.When the inlet temperature and inlet velocity increase,the convective heat loss decreases,while the radiant heat loss remains relatively constant.Furthermore,the furnace wall surface emissivity increases,resulting in a significant increase in the amount of radiant heat loss in the furnace.In practice,this can be mitigated by polishing or adding coatings to reduce the furnace wall surface emissivity. 展开更多
关键词 Modified siemens method polysilicon reduction furnace energy consumption numerical simulation
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Utility and Application of a Versatile Analytical Method for MMF Calculation in AC Machines
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作者 Ze-Zheng Wu Robert Nilssen Jian-Xin Shen 《CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期22-31,共10页
A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method ha... A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization. 展开更多
关键词 AC machine Analytical method Harmonic analysis MMF Magnetic field Torque calculation
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Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Variable Flux Memory Machines with Series-magnetic-circuit and Different Rotor Topologies
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作者 Qiang Wei Z.Q.Zhu +4 位作者 Yan Jia Jianghua Feng Shuying Guo Yifeng Li Shouzhi Feng 《CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期3-11,共9页
In this paper,the electromagnetic performance of variable flux memory(VFM)machines with series-magnetic-circuit is investigated and compared for different rotor topologies.Based on a V-type VFM machine,five topologies... In this paper,the electromagnetic performance of variable flux memory(VFM)machines with series-magnetic-circuit is investigated and compared for different rotor topologies.Based on a V-type VFM machine,five topologies with different interior permanent magnet(IPM)arrangements are evolved and optimized under same constrains.Based on two-dimensional(2-D)finite element(FE)method,their electromagnetic performance at magnetization and demagnetization states is evaluated.It reveals that the iron bridge and rotor lamination region between constant PM(CPM)and variable PM(VPM)play an important role in torque density and flux regulation(FR)capabilities.Besides,the global efficiency can be improved in VFM machines by adjusting magnetization state(MS)under different operating conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Memory machine Permanent magnet Rotor topologies Series magnetic circuit Variable flux
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Recent Advances in Video Coding for Machines Standard and Technologies
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作者 ZHANG Qiang MEI Junjun +3 位作者 GUAN Tao SUN Zhewen ZHANG Zixiang YU Li 《ZTE Communications》 2024年第1期62-76,共15页
To improve the performance of video compression for machine vision analysis tasks,a video coding for machines(VCM)standard working group was established to promote standardization procedures.In this paper,recent advan... To improve the performance of video compression for machine vision analysis tasks,a video coding for machines(VCM)standard working group was established to promote standardization procedures.In this paper,recent advances in video coding for machine standards are presented and comprehensive introductions to the use cases,requirements,evaluation frameworks and corresponding metrics of the VCM standard are given.Then the existing methods are presented,introducing the existing proposals by category and the research progress of the latest VCM conference.Finally,we give conclusions. 展开更多
关键词 video coding for machines VCM video compression
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A Comprehensive 3-Steps Methodology for Vibration-Based Fault Detection,Diagnosis and Localization in Rotating Machines
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作者 Khalid M.Almutairi Jyoti K.Sinha 《Journal of Dynamics, Monitoring and Diagnostics》 2024年第1期49-58,共10页
In any industry,it is the requirement to know whether the machine is healthy or not to operate machine further.If the machine is not healthy then what is the fault in the machine and then finally its location.The pape... In any industry,it is the requirement to know whether the machine is healthy or not to operate machine further.If the machine is not healthy then what is the fault in the machine and then finally its location.The paper is proposing a 3-Steps methodology for the machine fault diagnosis to meet the industrial requirements to aid the maintenance activity.The Step-1 identifies whether machine is healthy or faulty,then Step-2 detect the type of defect and finally its location in Step-3.This method is extended further from the earlier study on the 2-Steps method for the rotor defects only to the 3-Steps methodology to both rotor and bearing defects.The method uses the optimised vibration parameters and a simple Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-based Machine Learning(ML)model from the earlier studies.The model is initially developed,tested and validated on an experimental rotating rig operating at a speed above 1st critical speed.The proposed method and model are then further validated at 2 different operating speeds,one below 1st critical speed and other above 2nd critical speed.The machine dynamics are expected to be significantly different at these speeds.This highlights the robustness of the proposed 3-Steps method. 展开更多
关键词 bearing faults fault diagnosis machine learning rotating machines rotor faults vibration analysis
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