A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Refusal Language Strategies

Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and British countries in the use of refusal language strategies by combining manual and graphical data analyses.It is found that Chinese people use more indirect ways of using refusal speech acts,and British and American countries use more direct ways of using refusal speech acts.In addition to this,both Chinese and British countries use non-verbal behavior to reject speech as a way of protecting the positive face of the addressee and reducing the threatening behavior to the face of the other party.This study also found that the ambivalent relationship between the emergence of refusal language strategies in both China and Britain is related to their personal psychological state,social values,and personal face.The results of this study have some values for sociology as well as pragmatics,which is conducive to the maintenance of interpersonal relationships.

Thermal-induced interfacial behavior of a thin one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal film

In this paper,we investigate the interfacial behavior of a thin one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)film bonded on an elastic substrate subjected to a mismatch strain due to thermal variation.The contact interface is assumed to be nonslipping,with both perfectly bonded and debonded boundary conditions.The Fourier transform technique is adopted to establish the integral equations in terms of interfacial shear stress,which are solved as a linear algebraic system by approximating the unknown phonon interfacial shear stress via the series expansion of the Chebyshev polynomials.The expressions are explicitly obtained for the phonon interfacial shear stress,internal normal stress,and stress intensity factors(SIFs).Finally,based on numerical calculations,we briefly discuss the effects of the material mismatch,the geometry of the QC film,and the debonded length and location on stresses and SIFs.

How Behaviors and Certain Events Influence Legislative Language

Legal language is a pretty formal language.As part of legal language,legislative language has all the basic features of legal language and legislative language has an accurate,plain,solemn,rigorous style.People interprete legislative language and act in accordance with laws.On the contrary,behaviors and certain events also influence the characteristics of legislative language,even trigger some conflicts with it.Confronted with some advantaged influence,legislators have to make some compromises or change the characteristics of legislative language.However,legislators should adhere to remain represantations of laws to resist disadvantaged impacts.As a result,it is need to research how behaviors and certain events influence legislative language.

Lightweight Behavior-Based Language for Requirements Modeling

Whether or not a software system satisfies the anticipated user requirements is ultimately determined by the behaviors of the software. So it is necessary and valuable to research requirements modeling language and technique from the perspective of behavior. This paper presents a lightweight behavior based requirements modeling language BDL with formal syntax and semantics, and a general-purpose requirements description model BRM synthesizing the concepts of viewpoint and scenario. BRM is good for modeling large and complex system due to its structure is very clear. In addition, the modeling process is demonstrated through the case study On-Line Campus Management System. By lightweight formal style, BDL & BRM can effectively bridge the gap between practicability and rigorousness of formal requirements modeling language and technique.

Effects of music therapy on mood,language,behavior,and social skills in children with autism：A meta-analysis

Objective：To investigate the effects of music therapy on mood,language,behavior,and social skills in children with autism.Methods：A literature search was conducted using the following Chinese databases：the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）,Wanfang Data,the Chinese Biomedical Literature（CBM） Database,and the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database.The search terms were ＂autistic children＂ or ＂children with autism＂ and ＂music therapy＂ or ＂music treatment.＂ Studies of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） were included,and each publication included was assessed for quality.A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1.Results：Publications were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Six research articles describing RCTs were included;the total sample size was 300 patients.The results of meta-analysis showed that music therapy improved mood[Risk ratio（RR） = 3.02,95%confidence interval（CI）=1.93-4.11,Z=5.45,P〈 0.000 01]and behavior（RR=7.36,95%CI=4.28-10.44,Z=4.69,P=0.00001） in children with autism.Additionally,music therapy improved language（RR=4.05,95%CI=3.38-4.73,Z=11.71,P=0.000 01）,sensory perception（RR=4.62,95%CI=1.55-7.69,Z=2.95,P=0.003）,and social skills（RR=4.66,95%CI=1.90-7.42,Z=3.31,P=0.000 9） in children with autism.Conclusions：Music therapy can improve mood,language,sensory perception,behavior,and social skills in children with autism.

Can language acquisition be facilitated in cochlear implanted children? Comparison of cognitive and behavioral psychologists' viewpoints

AIM To study how language acquisition can be facilitated for cochlear implanted children based on cognitive and behavioral psychology viewpoints?METHODS To accomplish this objective, literature related to behaviorist and cognitive psychology prospects about language acquisition were studied and some relevant books as well as Medline, Cochrane Library, Google scholar, ISI web of knowledge and Scopus databases were searched. Among 25 articles that were selected, only 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Based on the inclusion criteria, review articles, expert opinion studies, non-experimental and experimental studies that clearly focused on behavioral and cognitive factors affecting language acquisition in children were selected. Finally, the selected articles were appraised according to guidelines of appraisal of medical studies.RESULTS Due to the importance of the cochlear implanted child's language performance, the comparison of behaviorist and cognitive psychology points of view in child language acquisition was done. Since each theoretical basis, has its own positive effects on language, and since the two are not in opposition to one another, it canbe said that a set of behavioral and cognitive factors might facilitate the process of language acquisition in children. Behavioral psychologists believe that repetition, as well as immediate reinforcement of child's language behavior help him easily acquire the language during a language intervention program, while cognitive psychologists emphasize on the relationship between information processing, memory improvement through repetitively using words along with "associated" pictures and objects, motor development and language acquisition. CONCLUSION It is recommended to use a combined approach based on both theoretical frameworks while planning a language intervention program.

Web users' language utilization behaviors in China

The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital accessing. A questionnaire survey was formulated and distributed online for these research purposes. There were 1,267 responses collected. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square testing and contingency table analyses. Results revealed the following findings. Tagging has already played an important role in Web2.0 communication for China's Web users. China users rely greatly on all kinds of taxonomies in browsing and have also an awareness of them in effective searching. These imply that the classified languages in digital environment may aid Chinese Web users in a more satisfying manner. Highly subject-specific words, especially those from authorized tools, yielded better results in searching. Chinese users have high recognition for related terms. As to the demographic aspect, there is little difference between different genders in the utilization of information retrieval languages. Age may constitute a variable element to a certain degree. Educational background has a complex effect on language utilizations in searching. These research findings characterize China Web users' behaviors in digital information accessing. They also can be potentially valuable for the modeling and further refinement of digital accessing services.

Is Language Ability Acquired from its Interaction with Society or Innate?

On first language acquisition,there are three different theories: behaviorism,nativism and interactionism,all of which also presents the developing process of first language acquisition.The paper probes into the comparison of these three theories,centering on the problem: Is language ability acquired from its interaction with society or innate? In fact,it cannot be given a totally definite answer,for a lot of factors accounts for children's language development,such as prenatal and postnatal,physiological and subjective and environmental ones,etc.With the research development on one topic,other factors will be found.

Kindergarten Teachers’Language Modeling Behaviors in Daily Activities and Free Play

Teachers’language modeling behaviors,including frequent conversation,open-ended questions,repetition and extension,self-and parallel talks,and advanced language,have significantly impacted young children’s language learning and development.This study examined 60 classrooms from 20 kindergartens in Guangzhou,China,and analyzed 62 films of daily activities and 57 videos of free play.It aims to address the research gap in existing research that pays little attention to teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play.The results indicate that the more frequent teachers’language modeling behaviors,the larger the vocabulary young children use and the better their performance in lexical richness.However,such behaviors in daily activities and free play are infrequent and superficial,failing to guide young children’s language development effectively.To optimize teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play,they are expected to establish positive emotional bonds with young children in a kind and respectful manner and receive training.Teachers are also encouraged to frequently communicate and engage in dialogues with young children,create contexts that facilitate the use of language,increase the frequency of stimuli for vocabulary learning,and guide and encourage young children’s advanced language.

对于学生在ESL(English as a Second Language英语作为第二语言)课堂上消极行为的研究

从课堂互动模式、学习环境、语言熟练程度和语言的社会文化性四个层面,对阿德莱德高中的两个ESL班的学生就语言课堂上的消极行为进行了研究。通过课堂观察、对课堂对话录音的文本分析、对教师和学生的采访及问卷调查和对听课实时记录的分析,总结了四个类别六个项目的会引发学生语言课堂上消极反应的原因。并对如何应对引起这些消极行为的导因提出了相应的建议。

A Critique on Katie's Language in Mockingbird Don't Sing

This paper aims at critiquing Katie's language in the famous film, Mockingbird Don't Sing, which is a 2001 American independent film based on the true story of Genie, a modern-day feral child, discovered in California in 1970. The analyses of Katie's language are based on Katie's language by the stimulation of some people around her after she escaped from her home according to the theories of the interactionist position, Behaviorism, the affective filter hypothesis, Innatism, the stages of language development and the critical period hypothesis. Katie's abnormal language bitterly proves the importance of critical period for language acquisition and language learning.

Nature or Nurture—On the Development of Children's Language

Referring to children's development,especially the development of children's language,there is a question that people are very interested in,that is,does the development of children's language on earth depend on innate inheritance or postnatal environment? In order to answer this question,this paper begins with the definition of the development of children's language,then,expounds some theories on language acquisition,finally,finds out the crucial factors influencing the development of children's language.

《儒林外史》节译本汉语乡土语言英译群体的译者行为比较研究

汉语乡土语言土味浓郁,蕴含着丰富的中华文化意象和异质成分,具有鲜明的中华文化特色和民族风格。本文梳理了《儒林外史》三个典型的华人离散译者节译本中的乡土语言英译文,分析其乡土语言英译策略的异同。基于译者行为批评理论,探究这一群体乡土语言英译的译者行为及其动因,以期为“中国文化走出去”大背景下的中国文学外译,尤其是乡土语言的英译理论和实践提供一些参考。

《汉语乡土语言英译行为批评研究》介评

乡土语言承载着中华民族的精神气质和文化基因,对其的翻译在中国文学外译中占据重要地位,然而学界对乡土语言及其外译的研究仍缺乏一定的深度与广度。由周领顺等人撰写、社会科学文献出版社出版的《汉语乡土语言英译行为批评研究》是我国首部全面探讨汉语乡土语言英译的专著。该书兼具理论深度和实践探索意义,具有重要的学术价值。具体而言,该书凭借原创理论探析了葛浩文乡土语言英译的内在规律,为外译实践提供了行为参照,丰富了中国特色译学理论的实践内涵;确立了乡土语言翻译和评价的原则,增强了乡土文学外译的可操作性及其评价的科学性;深度辨析了多个关键概念,有利于提高翻译批评的客观性和针对性。本文对该书的主要内容进行了概述,并对其学术特色与贡献进行了细致的探讨。

汉语乡土语言英译的人本路径——兼论《汉语乡土语言英译行为批评研究》

新时期中国文学和文化的对外传播离不开翻译的独特作用,作为中国乡土文学外译的重要组成部分,汉语乡土语言及其翻译活动逐渐受到学界关注,但目前该领域相关研究较为零散,缺乏系统性的理论思考和应用探索。针对此现状,本文结合周领顺等著《汉语乡土语言英译行为批评研究》中所使用的译者行为批评理论与汉语乡土语言英译实践素材,从研究对象的厘定、研究方法的应用、研究思路的确立以及研究结论的归纳四个方面探索汉语乡土语言翻译研究的人本路径,为中国乡土文学外译活动及研究提供镜鉴。

建设工程事故文本的知识发现:以PPE类不安全行为为例

为了丰富建设工程领域的安全知识,从事故文本中挖掘和发现施工人员的不安全行为,以个人防护用品PPE类不安全行为为例,采用基于规则的自然语言处理方法,从事故文本中自动抽取此类不安全行为。从政府官网等收集195份建设工程事故调查报告作为文本挖掘语料,通过哈尔滨工业大学的语言技术平台LTP展开词法分析和依存句法分析,构建PPE类不安全行为的11条抽取规则并确定抽取流程。再以网络爬虫收集的427份事故调查报告展开实例应用,按照流程自动抽取PPE类不安全行为。结果表明:平均抽取准确率为94.70%,召回率为67.57%。研究能够为建设工程事故文本的知识发现提供理论启示和实践路径。

译者行为批评的国家视点

“国家翻译实践”概念体系的提出为译者行为批评提供了“国家”视点。国家翻译实践是一国翻译实践史之主流,因此有必要从国家视点出发,对译者行为进行考察。本文通过对翻译史上玄奘译经等翻译实践的再检视发现,翻译可以上升为“国家行为”,既是语际实践,也是话语实践和政治实践。国家视点的译者主体可扩展为“国家—机构—译者共同体—个体译者”多位一体,译者属性与类型呈现出三维特征。国家视点的译者行为是以国家利益和国家价值的实现为导向的行为,个体译者行为与译者共同体行为的互动关系体现了“国家—共同体—个体译者”意志体间的密切联系。在文本、语言、行为和社会之外,引入国家视点,构建“语言—社会—国家”三维一体的译者行为批评模式,可为译者主体性研究和译者行为批评带来新启发,更好地实现国家翻译实践理论的批评功能。

国际中文教师课堂非言语行为规范:指标体系与量化分析

研究首次构建了《国际中文教师课堂非言语行为测量指标体系》,该指标体系把国际中文教师课堂非言语行为细分为体态语、副语言、服饰仪表语、工具语、空间语和时间语6大类,一级指标共27个,二级指标共为86个,这6类86个指标承载着29种功能,并配套独立的6个观测量表及使用说明。文章整合十多年的研究成果,分别总结列举了课堂体态语和副语言行为个案量化指标的研究范例,熟手教师和新手教师体态语行为群体量化指标的比较研究范例,以及三组不同国别留学生对教师服饰仪表语的研究范例,为全面分析国际中文教师课堂非言语行为提供了科学规范、便捷实用的研究工具和样本。

互动视野下的国际中文微课研究

基于国际中文线上教学互动分析框架,以《HSK标准教程(三级)》系列微课为研究对象,分析国际中文微课的课堂互动行为和辅助互动行为。研究发现,该课程互动框架思路清晰,非言语类互动设置得当;与此同时,思考时间的安排相对有限,个性化互动环节有待加强。由此尝试探索提升国际中文微课互动性的主要策略:将宏观模式与微观设计相结合,增强互动过程的直观性与情感性,增加个性化的人机交互。希望通过这一个案研究,能够加深对国际中文线上教学互动性的科学认识,切实提高国际中文线上教学实践的真实性、交际性、情境性。

认知神经及语言训练配合感觉统合训练对自闭症患儿的干预效果

目的 探讨认知神经及语言训练配合感觉统合训练对自闭症患儿的干预效果。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年1月我院收治的自闭症患儿90例,随机分为两组各45例。对照组实施常规训练,观察组实施认知神经及语言训练配合感觉统合训练。对比两组的语言发育状态、孤独行为和感觉统合能力。结果 干预后,观察组孤独症儿童心理教育量表评分高于对照组,孤独症儿童行为检查量表评分低于对照组,儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表评分高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 认知神经及语言训练配合感觉统合训练可有效提高自闭症患儿的语言发育状态及感觉统合能力,改善其孤独行为。