Anomalous energy diffusion and heat conduction in one-dimensional system

We propose a new concept, the centre of energy, to study energy diffusion and heat conduction in a one-dimensional hard-point model. For the diatom model, we find an anomalous energy diffusion as （x2） - tβ with β = 1.33, which is independent of initial condition and mass rate. The present model can be viewed as the model composed by independent quasi-particles, the centre of energy. In this way, heat current can be calculated. Based on the theory of dynamic billiard, the divergent exponent of heat conductivity is estimated to be α = 0.33, which is confirmed by a simple numerical calculation.

Temperature dependence of heat conduction coefficient in nanotube/nanowire networks

Studies on heat conduction are so far mainly focused on regular systems such as the one-dimensional（1D） and twodimensional（2D） lattices where atoms are regularly connected and temperatures of atoms are homogeneously distributed.However, realistic systems such as the nanotube/nanowire networks are not regular but heterogeneously structured, and their heat conduction remains largely unknown. We present a model of quasi-physical networks to study heat conduction in such physical networks and focus on how the network structure influences the heat conduction coefficient κ. In this model,we for the first time consider each link as a 1D chain of atoms instead of a spring in the previous studies. We find that κ is different from link to link in the network, in contrast to the same constant in a regular 1D or 2D lattice. Moreover, for each specific link, we present a formula to show how κ depends on both its link length and the temperatures on its two ends.These findings show that the heat conduction in physical networks is not a straightforward extension of 1D and 2D lattices but seriously influenced by the network structure.

电加热防/除冰过程中溢流水再冻结数值模拟

当飞机飞行过程中遇到结冰工况时,为保证飞机的飞行安全以及气动性能,常使用热防护方法作为飞机防除冰的重要手段。本文通过使用共轭耦合方法建立了机翼内部多层导热与水膜流动的耦合计算模型,并针对电加热防除冰过程进行了一系列数值模拟计算。研究选取了可进行非稳态计算的Myers水膜模型,电加热组件导热模型则采用有限体积法隐式离散进行计算,水膜模型与导热模型通过交换边界值的共轭传热方法实现松耦合。研究发现在电加热防除冰过程中,由于积冰融化和水膜流动会产生溢流水再冻结现象。对电加热系统开启后期的积冰外形进行了流场计算与气动分析,发现机翼上下翼面溢流水冻结部位会对流场产生扰动。通过Q准则判断积冰后侧产生了涡结构,对比未发生结冰的干净翼型,机翼前缘位置溢流水冻结导致压力系数曲线发生较大震荡,因此溢流水再冻结问题影响了机翼的气动性能,未能使电加热防除冰系统达到理想的防护效果。

非稳态导热问题分析解特征函数正交性的讨论

非稳态导热问题分析解是传热学中十分重要的内容之一,多数传热学教材对特征函数正交性的论述较为简略,影响了对求解过程的理解.本文以大平板非稳态导热问题分析解求解过程为例,重点讨论了特征函数正交性的含义、特征函数正交性的证明以及特征函数正交性的应用,给出了保持求解过程连贯、帮助学生理解的教学建议,为非稳态导热问题分析解及其数学解析过程的教学提供了参考.

Dynamics of Unsteady MHD Convective Flow with Thermophoresis of Particles and Variable Thermo-Physical Properties past a Vertical Surface Moving through Binary Mixture

The dynamics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic convective fluid flow with radiation and thermophoresis of particles past a vertical porous plate moving through a binary mixture in an optically thin environment is investigated. The approximate form of the radiative heat flux is considered as the fourth power of temperature. Chemical reaction that occurs as the chemically reacting fluid flow through binary mixture is accounted for in energy and species concentration equations. Exponential space dependent heat source is introduced to generate additional heat energy across the fluid domain. The corresponding influence of heat energy is properly accounted for. It is assumed that viscosity and thermal conductivity vary as a linear function of temperature. The governing boundary layer equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. A novel method of obtaining root finding starting with three guesses in shooting techniques is presented. The corresponding nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations is solved numerically by shooting technique along with quadratic interpolation scheme. Graphical results of the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown for certain pertinent parameters controlling the fluid flow. The quadratic interpolation method is found to produce better estimated values of , which satisfy the degree of accuracy and proportional to the physical quantities.

Effect of Heat-Insulating Layer Thickness on Melting Rate of Ice Fixed Abrasives Polishing Pad

The formula of the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is deduced via heat transfer analysis,according to the principle of heat transfer in limited space.Polishing experiments are carried out using the same technological parameters.Compared with the polishing experimental results,the heat transfer model is proved to be correct.As validated by the experimental results,polyurethane heat-insulating layer can effectively improve the service life of the ice fixed abrasive pad and alleviate the melting rate in the polishing process to improve the polishing quality proposed.The heat transfer model provides theoretical basis for research of temperature field of ice fixed abrasive polishing.

Exact Variational Principle For 3-D Unsteady Heat Conduction With Second Sound

有夸张类型的有限繁殖速度(第二健全速度) 的扩大的不稳定的热传导方程的准确变化明确的表达经由一个系统、自然的方法此处被导出。而且，边界 -- 并且身体上可接受的起始值的条件被最近就建议的一个新奇方法在变化原则提供。这样，为热传导的有限元素分析的短暂的热传导和一个严密理论基础的变化理论的一个完美的理由被提供。关键词变化原则 - 不稳定的热传导 - 有限元素方法 CLC 数字 TK124 到这篇文章的一个印刷或书写错误在 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-007-0192-1 是可得到的。

基于PHengLEI的非稳态电热除冰过程仿真

为了填补国产自主可控CFD软件风雷平台的防除冰功能开发的空白,本文建立了电热除冰计算模型、计算方法和非稳态导热模型,并在国家数值风洞风雷平台(PHengLEI)基础上,集成了非稳态电热除冰计算和非稳态导热计算功能。通过与主流商业CFD软件仿真结果和实验数据的对比,验证了导热和非稳态电热除冰程序的准确性。针对某飞行工况进行了电热除冰计算,通过对表面溢流水、表面温度、结冰量的计算结果分析,发现合理布局加热片、设计加热热流密度和电热除冰控制率,可实现电热除冰系统的安全运行和能源的高效利用。

日照扁平钢箱梁二维温度场的解析解

针对目前扁平钢箱梁日照作用下温度场的研究方法集中在数值模拟和长期实桥测试,尚未采用解析法研究的现状,根据热传导原理,建立带铺装层的扁平钢箱梁顶板与腹板的温度场模型,利用积分变换法求得二者温度场的解析解。以某独塔斜拉桥为例,重点对比分析顶板温度场实测值与解析解中太阳辐射强度分别采用实测法、Hottle法、幂指数法获得时的计算值,并根据太阳辐射强度采用实测法获得的解析解,进一步探究桥面防撞护栏与钢箱梁断面形式对顶板温度分布的影响。结果表明:在实测法获得的太阳辐射强度下,解析解计算结果与实测值最贴近,其计算值与实测值最大偏差不超过3℃,两者平均绝对误差最大不超过1.3℃;而在幂指数法与Hottle法中,太阳辐射强度采用幂指数法获得时,解析解计算准确度要更高;日照下,桥面防撞护栏遮挡引起的扁平钢箱梁顶板不均匀温度分布主要发生在该护栏附近的顶板位置,且引起的温度不均匀程度与太阳辐射强度呈正相关;PK断面钢箱梁与封闭断面钢箱梁顶板温度分布差异体现在是否开口位置,钢箱梁封闭箱室的保温效果导致箱内外环境温度不同是造成该差异的主要原因。

多层高温作业防护服的导热模型及设计算法

针对高温作业防护服的设计问题,建立了基于傅里叶定律的“外界环境—材料层—空气层—人体皮肤”的非稳态导热模型,给出了适当的初始条件和边界条件,并采用有限差分格式进行离散求解,计算出了高温作业防护服在给定的工作环境条件下,温度的空间分布和时间变化情况。现有的实验数据验证了该模型的有效性。在此基础上,根据二分法完成了热防护服的最优厚度设计,为高温作业防护服的设计提供了合理建议。

Dynamic Calibration of the Cutting Temperature Sensor of NiCr/NiSi Thin-film Thermocouple

In high-speed cutting, natural thermocouple, artificial thermocouple and infrared radiation temperature measurement are usually adopted for measuring cutting temperature, but these methods have difficulty in measuring transient temperature accurately of cutting area on account of low response speed and limited cutting condition. In this paper, NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples（TFTCs） are fabricated according to temperature characteristic of cutting area in high-speed cutting by means of advanced twinned microwave electro cyclotron resonance（MW-ECR） plasma source enhanced radio frequency（RF） reaction non-balance magnetron sputtering technique, and can be used for transient cutting temperature measurement. The time constants of the TFTCs with different thermo-junction film width are measured at four kinds of sampling frequency by using Ultra-CFR short pulsed laser system that established. One-dimensional unsteady heat conduction model is constructed and the dynamic performance is analyzed theoretically. It can be seen from the analysis results that the NiCr/NiSi TFTCs are suitable for measuring transient temperature which varies quickly, the response speed of TFTCs can be obviously improved by reducing the thickness of thin-film, and the area of thermo-junction has little influence on dynamic response time. The dynamic calibration experiments are made on the constructed dynamic calibration system, and the experimental results confirm that sampling frequency should be larger than 50 kHz in dynamic measurement for stable response time, and the shortest response time is 0.042 ms. Measurement methods and devices of cutting heat and cutting temperature measurement are developed and improved by this research, which provide practical methods and instruments in monitoring cutting heat and cutting temperature for research and production in high-speed machining.

基于双层非稳态导热过程的井筒温度场半解析模型

在油气井酸化、压裂增产施工中,温度控制着入井工作液的流变性和酸岩反应速度,是影响裂缝几何形态、酸蚀导流能力和措施后产能的重要因素。但目前的井筒温度场模型还缺乏对非稳态过程的严密推导和精确描述。为此,首先在物性分析的基础上,建立了轴向上离散、径向上解析的双层非稳态导热井筒温度场半解析模型,并通过拉普拉斯变换和Stehfest数值反演方法进行了求解;其次,分析了不同水泥环导热过程处理方法对井筒温度分布的影响,认为假设水泥环具有稳态热阻,模拟输出的误差过大且难以修正;最后,对地层和施工参数进行了敏感性分析,认为岩性、施工排量和注入温度变化对井筒温度分布具有显著的影响,而油管腐蚀的影响则可以忽略。现场实际应用效果表明,该数学模型精度较高,模拟结果与监测结果吻合良好。该成果对于提高单井酸化压裂成功率、增加措施后的产能和油气田采收率具有重要意义。

功率器件散热特性的非稳态测量方法

采用集总参数法对功率器件的散热体系进行了分析,推导了功率器件非稳态导热过程中温度变化的规律,给出了一种通过测量非稳态导热过程中的温度变化曲线确定散热体系特性参数的方法。以模块电源为例,实际测量了在不同状态下电源模块升温及降温过程中的温度变化特性。测试结果与理论预测基本相符,表明这种方法可有效用于工程实际中。该方法不仅可以避免冗繁的计算,且通过实验可方便地测试出功率器件的散热特性,并能够预测其使用过程中的最大温升,尤其适用于散热结构复杂、散热边界条件不易确定的应用场合。

干燥巷道围岩传热对平巷风流温度影响研究

井下巷道中的风流温度受到多种因素的影响,如原岩温度、围岩传热性能、风流与围岩的热交换时间、其他热源等,其中围岩传热起主要作用。为分析围岩传热对风温的影响,以干燥巷道为例,根据巷道围岩与风流热交换规律,通过理论计算,分析水平巷道围岩与风流热交换对风温变化的基本影响规律,为矿井通风设计提供较精确的预测值,使矿井通风设计更精细。

高低温环境下松散煤导热系数研究

为研究冷冻取心过程中煤的温度变化规律,通过在高低温环境下煤体热传导过程中温度变化规律的测试,采用多维非稳态导热的乘积解法,对高低温环境下不同粒径松散煤体导热系数进行理论计算。结果表明,环境温度和松散煤粒度均对煤的温度变化率产生重要影响,不同温度和粒度下煤的导热性能差别较大;煤的比热容和松散煤的导热系数随温度升高而增大,其变化规律可用Polynomial函数表示,而且在同一温度下,松散煤的粒径越大,导热系数也越大。

钢坯加热炉仿真系统研究

通过对钢坯加热炉炉子能量分配模型和钢坯受热网格差分模型的研究,设计了一个钢坯加热炉仿真系统,实现了炉子全部重要参数间关系的仿真计算。该仿真系统既可以离线仿真加热炉的运行状况,又可以在线指导加热炉的控制。由于仿真系统设计上考虑了多种炉型、多种燃料的具体情况,因而具有很强的通用性和工程实用性。仿真实例中与工程数据的对比表明,该仿真系统较真实地模拟了钢坯加热炉的运行状况。

铁路客车空调负荷的非稳态计算方法研究

采用反应系数法以非稳态传热的方式计算铁路客车空调负荷,在对列车通过围护结构传入车内的热量、通过玻璃窗进入车内的太阳辐射热量、人体散热量、室外新风带入室内的热量和照明散热量分别进行计算之后,建立了状态空间模型。进而应用状态空间法求取了车壁的反应系数,通过热平衡分析得到了得热量与空调负荷的传递函数系数值,用拉普拉斯变换法进行了验证,并编制了相应的计算机程序。研究表明,非稳态传热的计算方法能更好的反映铁路客车空调负荷形成的基本机理,有助于空调系统的精确设计、系统实时控制、能耗分析等多方面的研究,并值得地铁车辆、城市轻轨车辆借鉴。

一维非稳态导热过程传递的规律及计算

对平壁在导热第三类边界下的一维非稳态导热过程中的传递进行计算 ,并将导温系数在定值与变值下的计算结果加以比较 ,对非稳态条件下传递的时空分布规律进行分析。结果表明 ,流密度随时间按指数规律递减 ,而传递系数却按指数曲线递增。在密度和比热近似不变的条件下 ,导温系数对温度场分布、传递系数及流密度有决定性的影响。

变热物性非定常导热方程的一些显式解析解

各种变热物性（热传导系数、密度与比热为变数）的非定常导热方程的解析解在理论上是有意义的；而且它们对计算传热学也很有实用价值；可以作为标准解来校核各种数值计算以及用来启发发展各种计算技巧例如差分格式、网格生成等等。但已知的解析解很少。本文对直角座标下沿几何座标变热物性的非定常几何一元及二元的导热方程导出了一些代数显式解析解，其中有些解包含有任意函数，其实是无限多个解；可作为发展导热学理论及计算导热学之用．

大口径轻量化主镜的温度场等效模型理论计算

针对大口径望远镜主镜在环境温度变化和太阳辐照变化引起的温度场变化进行了理论分析,根据圆柱坐标下设立的非稳态热传导方程和边界条件,利用分离变量法和格林函数法求解了主镜的温度场分布。为了验证求解的有效性,利用求得的温度场解析式和有限元软件分别分析了2.8m口径望远镜实心主镜,反射面径向温度分布具有良好的一致性。表明该理论解析式能够较好地反映主镜反射面的温度场分布。将轻量化主镜进行无筋板的薄型镜热模型等效,并分别对两种镜子的温度场进行仿真计算,以此验证等效模型的正确性。轻量化主镜温度场的等效理论计算结果在主镜的早期设计研究阶段具有良好的参考价值。