Aiming at the Four-Dimensional Variation source term inversion algorithm proposed earlier,the observation error regularization factor is introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of the diffusion model,and an impr...Aiming at the Four-Dimensional Variation source term inversion algorithm proposed earlier,the observation error regularization factor is introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of the diffusion model,and an improved Four-Dimensional Variation source term inversion algorithm with observation error regularization(OER-4DVAR STI model)is formed.Firstly,by constructing the inversion process and basic model of OER-4DVAR STI model,its basic principle and logical structure are studied.Secondly,the observation error regularization factor estimation method based on Bayesian optimization is proposed,and the error factor is separated and optimized by two parameters:error statistical time and deviation degree.Finally,the scientific,feasible and advanced nature of the OER-4DVAR STI model are verified by numerical simulation and tracer test data.The experimental results show that OER-4DVAR STI model can better reverse calculate the hazard source term information under the conditions of high atmospheric stability and flat underlying surface.Compared with the previous inversion algorithm,the source intensity estimation accuracy of OER-4DVAR STI model is improved by about 46.97%,and the source location estimation accuracy is improved by about 26.72%.展开更多
A physical retrieval approach based on the one-dimensional variational(1 D-Var) algorithm is applied in this paper to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under both clear-sky and part...A physical retrieval approach based on the one-dimensional variational(1 D-Var) algorithm is applied in this paper to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under both clear-sky and partly cloudy conditions from FY-4 A GIIRS(geostationary interferometric infrared sounder) observations. Radiosonde observations from upper-air stations in China and level-2 operational products from the Chinese National Satellite Meteorological Center(NSMC)during the periods from December 2019 to January 2020(winter) and from July 2020 to August 2020(summer) are used to validate the accuracies of the retrieved temperature and humidity profiles. Comparing the 1 D-Var-retrieved profiles to radiosonde data, the accuracy of the temperature retrievals at each vertical level of the troposphere is characterized by a root mean square error(RMSE) within 2 K, except for at the bottom level of the atmosphere under clear conditions. The RMSE increases slightly for the higher atmospheric layers, owing to the lack of temperature sounding channels there.Under partly cloudy conditions, the temperature at each vertical level can be obtained, while the level-2 operational products obtain values only at altitudes above the cloud top. In addition, the accuracy of the retrieved temperature profiles is greatly improved compared with the accuracies of the operational products. For the humidity retrievals, the mean RMSEs in the troposphere in winter and summer are both within 2 g kg^(–1). Moreover, the retrievals performed better compared with the ERA5 reanalysis data between 800 h Pa and 300 h Pa both in summer and winter in terms of RMSE.展开更多
As a typical physical retrieval algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters,one-dimensional variational(1 DVAR)algorithm is widely used in various climate and meteorological communities and enjoys an important pos...As a typical physical retrieval algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters,one-dimensional variational(1 DVAR)algorithm is widely used in various climate and meteorological communities and enjoys an important position in the field of microwave remote sensing.Among algorithm parameters affecting the performance of the 1 DVAR algorithm,the accuracy of the microwave radiative transfer model for calculating the simulated brightness temperature is the fundamental constraint on the retrieval accuracies of the 1 DVAR algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters.In this study,a deep neural network(DNN)is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between atmospheric parameters and satellite-based microwave radiometer observations,and a DNN-based radiative transfer model is developed and applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm to carry out retrieval experiments of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles.The retrieval results of the temperature and humidity profiles from the Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS)onboard the Feng-Yun-3(FY-3)satellite show that the DNN-based radiative transfer model can obtain higher accuracy for simulating MWHTS observations than that of the operational radiative transfer model RTTOV,and also enables the 1 DVAR algorithm to obtain higher retrieval accuracies of the temperature and humidity profiles.In this study,the DNN-based radiative transfer model applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm can fundamentally improve the retrieval accuracies of atmospheric parameters,which may provide important reference for various applied studies in atmospheric sciences.展开更多
The 4.20 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake occurred on the southwest segment of the Longmenshan fault on 20 April 2013. Some meaningful information on the prepa- ration and occurrence of this earthquake was found based on the d...The 4.20 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake occurred on the southwest segment of the Longmenshan fault on 20 April 2013. Some meaningful information on the prepa- ration and occurrence of this earthquake was found based on the dynamic variation of gravity (DVG). To examine the great progress of the Lushan earthquake, we obtained the density variation (DENV) derived from the DVG using the compact gravity inversion method in this article. The inversion results reveal three main findings: (1) the DENV in the crust in the Jinshajiang fault area changed from positive in 2010-2011 to negative in 2011-2012. (2) The DENV in the Xianshuihe fault area decreased continuously from 2010 to 2012. (3) The DENV of the uppermost mantle of South China decreased in 2010-2011 and increased in 2011-2012. We propose that the flow/expansion of the middle-lower crust beneath the Bayan Har block and Moho subsidence on the southwest margin of the Chuan-Dian block may have been the major causes of the Lushan earthquake.展开更多
In this article, a new differential inverse variational inequality is introduced and studied in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. Some results concerned with the linear growth of the solution set for the differenti...In this article, a new differential inverse variational inequality is introduced and studied in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. Some results concerned with the linear growth of the solution set for the differential inverse variational inequalities are obtained under different conditions. Some existence theorems of Caratheodory weak solutions for the differential inverse variational inequality are also established under suitable conditions. An application to the time-dependent spatial price equilibrium control problem is also given.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the interfacial behavior of a thin one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)film bonded on an elastic substrate subjected to a mismatch strain due to thermal variation.The contact inte...In this paper,we investigate the interfacial behavior of a thin one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)film bonded on an elastic substrate subjected to a mismatch strain due to thermal variation.The contact interface is assumed to be nonslipping,with both perfectly bonded and debonded boundary conditions.The Fourier transform technique is adopted to establish the integral equations in terms of interfacial shear stress,which are solved as a linear algebraic system by approximating the unknown phonon interfacial shear stress via the series expansion of the Chebyshev polynomials.The expressions are explicitly obtained for the phonon interfacial shear stress,internal normal stress,and stress intensity factors(SIFs).Finally,based on numerical calculations,we briefly discuss the effects of the material mismatch,the geometry of the QC film,and the debonded length and location on stresses and SIFs.展开更多
Semi-inverse method, which is an integration and an extension of Hu's try-and-error method, Chien's veighted residual method and Liu's systematic method, is proposed to establish generalized variational pr...Semi-inverse method, which is an integration and an extension of Hu's try-and-error method, Chien's veighted residual method and Liu's systematic method, is proposed to establish generalized variational principles with multi-variables without arty variational crisis phenomenon. The method is to construct an energy trial-functional with an unknown function F, which can be readily identified by making the trial-functional stationary and using known constraint equations. As a result generalized variational principles with two kinds of independent variables (such as well-known Hellinger-Reissner variational principle and Hu-Washizu principle) and generalized variational principles with three kinds of independent variables (such as Chien's generalized variational principles) in elasticity have been deduced without using Lagrange multiplier method. By semi-inverse method, the author has also proved that Hu-Washizu principle is actually a variational principle with only two kinds of independent variables, stress-strain relations are still its constraints.展开更多
A family of variational principles (VP) has been developed for the unsteady inverse problem of the second type I B. It opens new ways for the inverse shape design of unsteady airfoils and can serve as key basis of m...A family of variational principles (VP) has been developed for the unsteady inverse problem of the second type I B. It opens new ways for the inverse shape design of unsteady airfoils and can serve as key basis of multipoint inverse shape design of steady airfoils and cascades.展开更多
In this paper, two new existence and quasi-variational inequality problems are theorems of solutions to inverse variational proved using the Fan-Knaster-Kuratowski- Mazurkiewicz (KKM) theorem and the Kakutani-Fan-Gl...In this paper, two new existence and quasi-variational inequality problems are theorems of solutions to inverse variational proved using the Fan-Knaster-Kuratowski- Mazurkiewicz (KKM) theorem and the Kakutani-Fan-Glicksberg fixed point theorem. Upper semicontinuity and lower semicontinuity of the solution mapping and the approximate solution mapping to the parametric inverse variational inequality problem are also discussed under some suitable conditions. An application to a road pricing problem is given.展开更多
Using the boundary layer observation data collected by 'Arctic Upper Air Observation 1999' in Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1999, a strong temperature inversion in summer is studied. It shows that the int...Using the boundary layer observation data collected by 'Arctic Upper Air Observation 1999' in Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1999, a strong temperature inversion in summer is studied. It shows that the intensity (6.3℃/(100 m)) is much stronger than the climatology average value in summer and winter. The temperature inversion took on a remarkable diurnal variation. The intensity of inversion gradually weakened from night to daytime.展开更多
Gravity variation data observed in the process of seismogenesis and occurrences of earthquakes show that the location with the greatest gravity changes does not necessarily coincide with the epicenter. To explain this...Gravity variation data observed in the process of seismogenesis and occurrences of earthquakes show that the location with the greatest gravity changes does not necessarily coincide with the epicenter. To explain this we defined the center of effective mass of stress volume as hypocentroid, and the vertical projection of which on the earths surface as epicentroid. Here we adopt three rotating models, including spheroid, ellipsoid and cylinder, to represent the region of an impending earthquake. Based on the models of gravity variations induced by uniform dilatancy, epicentroids associated with sixteen earthquakes with M>4.0 occurred in 1981~2000 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou region are determined by means of a proposed least squares iterative inversion method. The results indicate that cylinder model is preferable to the other two, and epicentroids obtained by the cylinder model separate from the epicenters by a range of 0~40 km. Epicentroids are inevitably located within intact tectonic blocks, and usually cluster in groups; while the epicenters are generally located at the terminations of faults or at the intersections of faults. It seems that there exist earthquake-hatching areas in the block among faults. Earthquakes hatch in these areas, but occur around these areas, meanwhile the existence of faults may play an important role in controlling the processes.展开更多
As an inverse problem of Hamiltonian mechanics, a new Hamiltonian system inelasticity and its variational principle are derived from the basic equations of elasticity.
It is difficult to establish a classical variational model for piezoelectricity. Following the semi inverse method of establishing generalized variational principles, an energy like trial functional with a certain u...It is difficult to establish a classical variational model for piezoelectricity. Following the semi inverse method of establishing generalized variational principles, an energy like trial functional with a certain unknown function is constructed. The unknown function is easily identified step by step. A family of variational principles for the static behavior of the elastic and electric variables in the vicinity of a surface electrode attached to a piezoelectric ceramic is established directly from its field equations and boundary conditions.展开更多
In this paper, a convex feasibility problem is considered. We construct an iterative method to approximate a common element of the solution set of classical variational inequalities and of the fixed point set of a str...In this paper, a convex feasibility problem is considered. We construct an iterative method to approximate a common element of the solution set of classical variational inequalities and of the fixed point set of a strict pseudocontraction. Strong convergence theorems for the common element are established in the framework of Hilbert spaces.展开更多
The Lagrange multiplier method plays an important role in establishing generalized variational principles notonly in tluid mechallics. but also in elasticity. Sometimes, however, one may come across variational crisi...The Lagrange multiplier method plays an important role in establishing generalized variational principles notonly in tluid mechallics. but also in elasticity. Sometimes, however, one may come across variational crisis(somemultipliers vanish identically). failing to achieve his aim. The crisis is caused by the fact that the Inultipliers are treatedas independent variables in the process of variatioll. but after identification they become functions of the originalindependent variables. To overcome it, a Inodified Lagrange multiplier method or semi-inverse method has beenproposed to deduce generalized varistional principles. Some e-camples are given to illustrate its convenience andeffectiveness of the novel method.展开更多
The inverse problem in calculus of variation is studied. By introducing a newconcept called Varialional Integral, a new method to systematically study the inverseproblem in calculus of rariations is given. Using thi...The inverse problem in calculus of variation is studied. By introducing a newconcept called Varialional Integral, a new method to systematically study the inverseproblem in calculus of rariations is given. Using this new method to the elastodynamicsand hydrodynamics of viscous fhuids some kinds of variaiional principles andgeneralized variational prineiples are obtained respectively.展开更多
Designing airfoils according to given pressure (or velocity) distribution is one kind of free boundary problems. Free boundary condition can be coupled with the flow governing equations by variable-domain variational ...Designing airfoils according to given pressure (or velocity) distribution is one kind of free boundary problems. Free boundary condition can be coupled with the flow governing equations by variable-domain variational calculus, which makes it possible to calculate simultaneously the flow field and the free boundary. An accurate deduction of the variable-domain variational principles is taken herein to design airfoils in compressible and incompressible flows. Furthermore, two grid types (H and O) are used in the calculation with better results for the O-type grid. It is shown that convergence is accelerated and good results can be obtained even if the initial guessed airfoil shape is a triangle, demonstrating the strong adaptability of this method.展开更多
In this article, we introduce a hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a generalized equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed point for a family of infinite k-strict pseu...In this article, we introduce a hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a generalized equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed point for a family of infinite k-strict pseudo-contractive mappings, and the set of solutions of the variational inclusion problem with multi-valued maximal monotone mappings and inverse-strongly monotone mappings in Hilbert space. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems are proved. Our results extends the recent results in G.L.Acedo and H.K.Xu [2], Zhang, Lee and Chan [8], Wakahashi and Toyoda [9], Takahashi and Takahashi [I0] and S. S. Chang, H. W. Joseph Lee and C. K. Chan [II], S.Takahashi and W.Takahashi [12]. Moreover, the method of proof adopted in this article is different from those of [4] and [12].展开更多
The generalized method of variational analysis (GMVA) suggested for 2-D wind observations by Huang et al. is extended to 3-D cases. Just as in 2-D cases, the regularization idea is applied. But due to the complexity...The generalized method of variational analysis (GMVA) suggested for 2-D wind observations by Huang et al. is extended to 3-D cases. Just as in 2-D cases, the regularization idea is applied. But due to the complexity of the 3-D cases, the vertical vorticity is taken as a stable functional. The results indicate that wind observations can be both variationally optimized and ?ltered. The e?ciency of GMVA is also checked in a numerical test. Finally, 3-D wind observations with random disturbances are manipulated by GMVA after being ?ltered.展开更多
The paper has proved that Hellinger-Reissuer and Hu-Washizu variational principles are but equivalent principles in elasticity by following three ways: 1) Lagrange multiplier method. The paper points out that only a n...The paper has proved that Hellinger-Reissuer and Hu-Washizu variational principles are but equivalent principles in elasticity by following three ways: 1) Lagrange multiplier method. The paper points out that only a new independent variable can be introduced when one constraint equation has been eliminated by one Lagrange multiplier, which must be expressed as a function of the original variable(s) and/or the new introduced variable after identification. In using Lagrange multiplier method to deduce Hu-Washizu principle from the minimum potential energy principle, which has only one kind of independent variable namely displacement, by eliminating the constraint equations of stress-displacement relations, one can only obtain a principle with two kinds of variables namely displacement and stress; 2) involutory transformation, with such method Hu-Washizu variational principle can be deduce directly from the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle under the same variational constraints of Stress-strain relation, and vice verse; 3)semi-inverse method, by which both of the above variational principles can be deduced from the minimum potential energy principle with tile same variational constraints. So the three kinds of variational functions in Hu-Washizu variational principle are not independent to each other,the stress-strain relationships are still its constraint conditions.展开更多
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China for its support and guidance(Grant No.2018YFC0214100)。
文摘Aiming at the Four-Dimensional Variation source term inversion algorithm proposed earlier,the observation error regularization factor is introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of the diffusion model,and an improved Four-Dimensional Variation source term inversion algorithm with observation error regularization(OER-4DVAR STI model)is formed.Firstly,by constructing the inversion process and basic model of OER-4DVAR STI model,its basic principle and logical structure are studied.Secondly,the observation error regularization factor estimation method based on Bayesian optimization is proposed,and the error factor is separated and optimized by two parameters:error statistical time and deviation degree.Finally,the scientific,feasible and advanced nature of the OER-4DVAR STI model are verified by numerical simulation and tracer test data.The experimental results show that OER-4DVAR STI model can better reverse calculate the hazard source term information under the conditions of high atmospheric stability and flat underlying surface.Compared with the previous inversion algorithm,the source intensity estimation accuracy of OER-4DVAR STI model is improved by about 46.97%,and the source location estimation accuracy is improved by about 26.72%.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2018YFC1507302in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41975028。
文摘A physical retrieval approach based on the one-dimensional variational(1 D-Var) algorithm is applied in this paper to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under both clear-sky and partly cloudy conditions from FY-4 A GIIRS(geostationary interferometric infrared sounder) observations. Radiosonde observations from upper-air stations in China and level-2 operational products from the Chinese National Satellite Meteorological Center(NSMC)during the periods from December 2019 to January 2020(winter) and from July 2020 to August 2020(summer) are used to validate the accuracies of the retrieved temperature and humidity profiles. Comparing the 1 D-Var-retrieved profiles to radiosonde data, the accuracy of the temperature retrievals at each vertical level of the troposphere is characterized by a root mean square error(RMSE) within 2 K, except for at the bottom level of the atmosphere under clear conditions. The RMSE increases slightly for the higher atmospheric layers, owing to the lack of temperature sounding channels there.Under partly cloudy conditions, the temperature at each vertical level can be obtained, while the level-2 operational products obtain values only at altitudes above the cloud top. In addition, the accuracy of the retrieved temperature profiles is greatly improved compared with the accuracies of the operational products. For the humidity retrievals, the mean RMSEs in the troposphere in winter and summer are both within 2 g kg^(–1). Moreover, the retrievals performed better compared with the ERA5 reanalysis data between 800 h Pa and 300 h Pa both in summer and winter in terms of RMSE.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901297,41806209)Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province(202102310017)+1 种基金Key Research Projects for the Universities of Henan Province(20A170013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693201)。
文摘As a typical physical retrieval algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters,one-dimensional variational(1 DVAR)algorithm is widely used in various climate and meteorological communities and enjoys an important position in the field of microwave remote sensing.Among algorithm parameters affecting the performance of the 1 DVAR algorithm,the accuracy of the microwave radiative transfer model for calculating the simulated brightness temperature is the fundamental constraint on the retrieval accuracies of the 1 DVAR algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters.In this study,a deep neural network(DNN)is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between atmospheric parameters and satellite-based microwave radiometer observations,and a DNN-based radiative transfer model is developed and applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm to carry out retrieval experiments of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles.The retrieval results of the temperature and humidity profiles from the Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS)onboard the Feng-Yun-3(FY-3)satellite show that the DNN-based radiative transfer model can obtain higher accuracy for simulating MWHTS observations than that of the operational radiative transfer model RTTOV,and also enables the 1 DVAR algorithm to obtain higher retrieval accuracies of the temperature and humidity profiles.In this study,the DNN-based radiative transfer model applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm can fundamentally improve the retrieval accuracies of atmospheric parameters,which may provide important reference for various applied studies in atmospheric sciences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41304060)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB733305)Scientific Investigation of April 20, 2013 M7.0 Lushan, Sichuan Earthquake
文摘The 4.20 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake occurred on the southwest segment of the Longmenshan fault on 20 April 2013. Some meaningful information on the prepa- ration and occurrence of this earthquake was found based on the dynamic variation of gravity (DVG). To examine the great progress of the Lushan earthquake, we obtained the density variation (DENV) derived from the DVG using the compact gravity inversion method in this article. The inversion results reveal three main findings: (1) the DENV in the crust in the Jinshajiang fault area changed from positive in 2010-2011 to negative in 2011-2012. (2) The DENV in the Xianshuihe fault area decreased continuously from 2010 to 2012. (3) The DENV of the uppermost mantle of South China decreased in 2010-2011 and increased in 2011-2012. We propose that the flow/expansion of the middle-lower crust beneath the Bayan Har block and Moho subsidence on the southwest margin of the Chuan-Dian block may have been the major causes of the Lushan earthquake.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11301359,11171237)the Key Program of NSFC(70831005)
文摘In this article, a new differential inverse variational inequality is introduced and studied in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. Some results concerned with the linear growth of the solution set for the differential inverse variational inequalities are obtained under different conditions. Some existence theorems of Caratheodory weak solutions for the differential inverse variational inequality are also established under suitable conditions. An application to the time-dependent spatial price equilibrium control problem is also given.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11572289,1171407,11702252,and 11902293)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M652563)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the interfacial behavior of a thin one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)film bonded on an elastic substrate subjected to a mismatch strain due to thermal variation.The contact interface is assumed to be nonslipping,with both perfectly bonded and debonded boundary conditions.The Fourier transform technique is adopted to establish the integral equations in terms of interfacial shear stress,which are solved as a linear algebraic system by approximating the unknown phonon interfacial shear stress via the series expansion of the Chebyshev polynomials.The expressions are explicitly obtained for the phonon interfacial shear stress,internal normal stress,and stress intensity factors(SIFs).Finally,based on numerical calculations,we briefly discuss the effects of the material mismatch,the geometry of the QC film,and the debonded length and location on stresses and SIFs.
文摘Semi-inverse method, which is an integration and an extension of Hu's try-and-error method, Chien's veighted residual method and Liu's systematic method, is proposed to establish generalized variational principles with multi-variables without arty variational crisis phenomenon. The method is to construct an energy trial-functional with an unknown function F, which can be readily identified by making the trial-functional stationary and using known constraint equations. As a result generalized variational principles with two kinds of independent variables (such as well-known Hellinger-Reissner variational principle and Hu-Washizu principle) and generalized variational principles with three kinds of independent variables (such as Chien's generalized variational principles) in elasticity have been deduced without using Lagrange multiplier method. By semi-inverse method, the author has also proved that Hu-Washizu principle is actually a variational principle with only two kinds of independent variables, stress-strain relations are still its constraints.
文摘A family of variational principles (VP) has been developed for the unsteady inverse problem of the second type I B. It opens new ways for the inverse shape design of unsteady airfoils and can serve as key basis of multipoint inverse shape design of steady airfoils and cascades.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11671282)the Joint Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China and China Mobile Communication Corporation(No.MCM20150505)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015T80967)the Applied Basic Project of Sichuan Province(No.2016JY0170)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices(No.KFJJ201611)the Key Program of Education Department of Sichuan Province(No.16ZA0007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYGX2015J098)
文摘In this paper, two new existence and quasi-variational inequality problems are theorems of solutions to inverse variational proved using the Fan-Knaster-Kuratowski- Mazurkiewicz (KKM) theorem and the Kakutani-Fan-Glicksberg fixed point theorem. Upper semicontinuity and lower semicontinuity of the solution mapping and the approximate solution mapping to the parametric inverse variational inequality problem are also discussed under some suitable conditions. An application to a road pricing problem is given.
文摘Using the boundary layer observation data collected by 'Arctic Upper Air Observation 1999' in Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1999, a strong temperature inversion in summer is studied. It shows that the intensity (6.3℃/(100 m)) is much stronger than the climatology average value in summer and winter. The temperature inversion took on a remarkable diurnal variation. The intensity of inversion gradually weakened from night to daytime.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China (49774224)Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (102019).
文摘Gravity variation data observed in the process of seismogenesis and occurrences of earthquakes show that the location with the greatest gravity changes does not necessarily coincide with the epicenter. To explain this we defined the center of effective mass of stress volume as hypocentroid, and the vertical projection of which on the earths surface as epicentroid. Here we adopt three rotating models, including spheroid, ellipsoid and cylinder, to represent the region of an impending earthquake. Based on the models of gravity variations induced by uniform dilatancy, epicentroids associated with sixteen earthquakes with M>4.0 occurred in 1981~2000 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou region are determined by means of a proposed least squares iterative inversion method. The results indicate that cylinder model is preferable to the other two, and epicentroids obtained by the cylinder model separate from the epicenters by a range of 0~40 km. Epicentroids are inevitably located within intact tectonic blocks, and usually cluster in groups; while the epicenters are generally located at the terminations of faults or at the intersections of faults. It seems that there exist earthquake-hatching areas in the block among faults. Earthquakes hatch in these areas, but occur around these areas, meanwhile the existence of faults may play an important role in controlling the processes.
文摘As an inverse problem of Hamiltonian mechanics, a new Hamiltonian system inelasticity and its variational principle are derived from the basic equations of elasticity.
文摘It is difficult to establish a classical variational model for piezoelectricity. Following the semi inverse method of establishing generalized variational principles, an energy like trial functional with a certain unknown function is constructed. The unknown function is easily identified step by step. A family of variational principles for the static behavior of the elastic and electric variables in the vicinity of a surface electrode attached to a piezoelectric ceramic is established directly from its field equations and boundary conditions.
文摘In this paper, a convex feasibility problem is considered. We construct an iterative method to approximate a common element of the solution set of classical variational inequalities and of the fixed point set of a strict pseudocontraction. Strong convergence theorems for the common element are established in the framework of Hilbert spaces.
文摘The Lagrange multiplier method plays an important role in establishing generalized variational principles notonly in tluid mechallics. but also in elasticity. Sometimes, however, one may come across variational crisis(somemultipliers vanish identically). failing to achieve his aim. The crisis is caused by the fact that the Inultipliers are treatedas independent variables in the process of variatioll. but after identification they become functions of the originalindependent variables. To overcome it, a Inodified Lagrange multiplier method or semi-inverse method has beenproposed to deduce generalized varistional principles. Some e-camples are given to illustrate its convenience andeffectiveness of the novel method.
文摘The inverse problem in calculus of variation is studied. By introducing a newconcept called Varialional Integral, a new method to systematically study the inverseproblem in calculus of rariations is given. Using this new method to the elastodynamicsand hydrodynamics of viscous fhuids some kinds of variaiional principles andgeneralized variational prineiples are obtained respectively.
文摘Designing airfoils according to given pressure (or velocity) distribution is one kind of free boundary problems. Free boundary condition can be coupled with the flow governing equations by variable-domain variational calculus, which makes it possible to calculate simultaneously the flow field and the free boundary. An accurate deduction of the variable-domain variational principles is taken herein to design airfoils in compressible and incompressible flows. Furthermore, two grid types (H and O) are used in the calculation with better results for the O-type grid. It is shown that convergence is accelerated and good results can be obtained even if the initial guessed airfoil shape is a triangle, demonstrating the strong adaptability of this method.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (09ZB102)Scientific Research Fund of Science and Technology Deportment of Sichuan Provincial (2011JYZ011)
文摘In this article, we introduce a hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a generalized equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed point for a family of infinite k-strict pseudo-contractive mappings, and the set of solutions of the variational inclusion problem with multi-valued maximal monotone mappings and inverse-strongly monotone mappings in Hilbert space. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems are proved. Our results extends the recent results in G.L.Acedo and H.K.Xu [2], Zhang, Lee and Chan [8], Wakahashi and Toyoda [9], Takahashi and Takahashi [I0] and S. S. Chang, H. W. Joseph Lee and C. K. Chan [II], S.Takahashi and W.Takahashi [12]. Moreover, the method of proof adopted in this article is different from those of [4] and [12].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40075014,40175014)Shanghai Science and Technology Association(No.02DJ14032).
文摘The generalized method of variational analysis (GMVA) suggested for 2-D wind observations by Huang et al. is extended to 3-D cases. Just as in 2-D cases, the regularization idea is applied. But due to the complexity of the 3-D cases, the vertical vorticity is taken as a stable functional. The results indicate that wind observations can be both variationally optimized and ?ltered. The e?ciency of GMVA is also checked in a numerical test. Finally, 3-D wind observations with random disturbances are manipulated by GMVA after being ?ltered.
文摘The paper has proved that Hellinger-Reissuer and Hu-Washizu variational principles are but equivalent principles in elasticity by following three ways: 1) Lagrange multiplier method. The paper points out that only a new independent variable can be introduced when one constraint equation has been eliminated by one Lagrange multiplier, which must be expressed as a function of the original variable(s) and/or the new introduced variable after identification. In using Lagrange multiplier method to deduce Hu-Washizu principle from the minimum potential energy principle, which has only one kind of independent variable namely displacement, by eliminating the constraint equations of stress-displacement relations, one can only obtain a principle with two kinds of variables namely displacement and stress; 2) involutory transformation, with such method Hu-Washizu variational principle can be deduce directly from the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle under the same variational constraints of Stress-strain relation, and vice verse; 3)semi-inverse method, by which both of the above variational principles can be deduced from the minimum potential energy principle with tile same variational constraints. So the three kinds of variational functions in Hu-Washizu variational principle are not independent to each other,the stress-strain relationships are still its constraint conditions.