Research on the Critical Speed of a Mixed-Flow Turbocharger with Hybrid Ceramic Ball Bearing

The critical speeds for a vehicle turbocharger with hybrid ceramic ball bearing are researched. The ball bearing-rotor system produces resonance when it working in critical speed and that makes the turbocharger injury working for a long time. The calculation and analysis methods of the critical speed for the vehicle turbocharger are described. The critical speed is computed by two methods including Riccati transfer matrix and DyRoBeS finite element method for a vehicle turbocharger with hybrid ceramic ball bearing. The vibration experiment had been taken to validate the calculating result, Comparison between the results by two calculation methods and the test results show that the first critical speed differences are 6.47 % and 5.66 %, the second critical speed differences are 2.87 % and 2.94 % respectively. And then, the primary factors which influence the critical speed are analyzed, the conclusions will be helpful for the vehicle turbocharger bearing-rotor system design.

Experimental determination of the critical welding speed in high speed MAG welding

In high speed MAG welding process, some weld formation defects may be encountered. To get good weld quality, the critical welding speed beyond which humping or undercutting weld bead can occur must be known for different conditions. In this research, high speed MAG welding tests were carried out to check out the effects of different factors on the critical welding speed. Through observing the weld bead profiles and the macrographs of the transverse sections of MAG welds, the occurrence tendency of humping weld was analyzed, and the values of critical welding speed were determined under different levels of welding current or voltage, and the effect of shielding gas compositions on the critical welding speed was also investigated.

Influence of Vehicle Parameters on Critical Hunting Speed Based on Ruzicka Model

While introducing foreign advanced technology and cooperating with Chinese famous research institutes,the high-speed vehicles are designed and take the major task of passenger transport in China.In high-speed vehicle,the characteristic of shock absorber is an important parameter which determines overall behavior of the vehicle.The most existing researches neglect the influence of the series stiffness of the shock absorber on the vehicle dynamic behavior and have one-sided views on the equivalent conicity of wheel tread.In this paper,a high speed passenger vehicle in China is modeled to investigate the effect of the parameters taking series hydraulic shock absorber stiffness into consideration on Ruzicka model.Using the vehicle dynamic model,the effect of main suspension parameters on critical speed is studied.In order to verify the reasonableness of shock absorber parameter settings,vibration isolation characteristics are calculated and the relationship between suspension parameters and the vehicle critical hunting speed is studied.To study the influence of equivalent conicity on vehicle dynamic behavior,a series of wheel treads with different conicities are set and the vehicle critical hunting speeds with different wheel treads are calculated.The discipline between the equivalent conicity of wheel tread and critical speed are obtained in vehicle nonlinear system.The research results show that the critical speed of vehicle much depends on wheelset positioning stiffness and anti-hunting motion damper,and the series stiffness produces notable effect on the vehicle dynamic behavior.The critical speed has a peak value with the equivalent conicity increasing,which is different from the traditional opinion in which the critical speed will decrease with the conicity increasing.The relationship between critical speed and conicity of wheel tread is effected by the suspension parameters of the vehicle.The study results obtained offer a method and useful data to designing the parameters of the high speed vehicle and simulation study.

FRACTAL DIMENSION OF TIME SERIES APPLIED TO IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL SPEED OF JEFFCOTT ROTOR SYSTEM

The dynamical behaviors of logistic map（May＇s model） and duffing equation are studied through fractal dimension of time series at different parameters. It is shown that the parameters of dynamical behaviors can be identified effectively by the curve of fractal dimension with parameter increments. For further verification, the relation between the fractional dimension of time series and rotational speed can be used to identify critical speed effectively by using this method to a plate Jeffoctt rotor system. The numerical and experimental result indicates that the identification of critical parameters is effective.

Calculation of the Critical Speed and Stability Analysis of Cryogenic Turboexpanders with Different Structures

A modularized code based on the Finite Element QZ （FEQZ） method is developed, for a better estimate of the critical speed and a more convenient method of rotor-dynamic stability analysis for a gas bearing high speed turboexpander rotor system with actual structure and application of a cryogenic turboexpander. This code is then validated by the experimental data of a gas bearing turboexpander, with a rotor diameter of 25 mm and a rated speed of 106,400 rpm. With this code, four rotors with different structures, available to the turboexpander, are parametrically analyzed by the available speed range, vibration modes and logarithmic attenuation rate. The results suggest that the rotor with a structure of two thrust collars on the system exhibits a better performance in the designed conditions.

Free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated composite conical shell using generalized differential quadrature method

The generalized differential quadrature method （GDQM） is employed to con- sider the free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated compos- ite conical shells with different boundary conditions developed from the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）. The equations of motion are obtained applying Hamilton＇s concept, which contain the influence of the centrifugal force, the Coriolis acceleration, and the preliminary hoop stress. In addition, the axial load is applied to the conical shell as a ratio of the global critical buckling load. The governing partial differential equations are given in the expressions of five components of displacement related to the points ly- ing on the reference surface of the shell. Afterward, the governing differential equations are converted into a group of algebraic equations by using the GDQM. The outcomes are achieved considering the effects of stacking sequences, thickness of the shell, rotating velocities, half-vertex cone angle, and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that the rate of the convergence of frequencies is swift, and the numerical tech- nique is superior stable. Three comparisons between the selected outcomes and those of other research are accomplished, and excellent agreement is achieved.

REMARK ON CRITICAL SPEED OF TRAVELING WAVEFRONTS FOR NICHOLSON'S BLOWFLIES EQUATION WITH DIFFUSION

This note is devoted to the son＇s blowflies equation with diffusion, a critical speed of traveling waves, we give behavior with respect to the mature age study on the traveling wavefronts to the Nicholtime-delayed reaction-diffusion equation. For the a detailed analysis on its location and asymptotic

Critical impeller speeds for a gas-inducing stirring tank loaded with solid particles

The influence of solid particles size,density and loading on the critical gas-inducing impeller speed was investigated in a gas–liquid–solid stirring tank equipped with a hollow Rushton impeller.Three types of solid particles,hollow glass beads with diameters of 300 μm,200 μm,100 μm,and 60 μm,silica gel and desalting resin,were used.It was found that the adding solid particles would change the critical impeller speed.For hollow glass beads and silica gel,whose relative densities were less than or equal to 1.5,the critical impeller speeds increased with the solid loading before reaching the maximum values,and then decreased to a value even lower than that without added solids.The size of the solids also had apparent influence on the critical impeller speed,and larger solid particles correspond to a smaller critical impeller speed.The experimental data also showed that the gasinducing was beneficial to the suspension of the solid particles.

Numerical analysis of high‑speed railway slab tracks using calibrated and validated 3D time‑domain modelling

Concrete slabs are widely used in modern railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of the tracks,provide safe and smooth rides,and reduce the maintenance frequency.In this paper,the elastic performance of a novel slab trackform for high-speed railways is investigated using three-dimensional finite element modelling in Abaqus.It is then compared to the performance of a ballasted track.First,slab and ballasted track models are developed to replicate the full-scale testing of track sections.Once the models are calibrated with the experimental results,the novel slab model is developed and compared against the calibrated slab track results.The slab and ballasted track models are then extended to create linear dynamic models,considering the track geodynamics,and simulating train passages at various speeds,for which the Ledsgard documented case was used to validate the models.Trains travelling at low and high speeds are analysed to investigate the track deflections and the wave propagation in the soil,considering the issues associated with critical speeds.Various train loading methods are discussed,and the most practical approach is retained and described.Moreover,correlations are made between the geotechnical parameters of modern high-speed rail and conventional standards.It is found that considering the same ground condition,the slab track deflections are considerably smaller than those of the ballasted track at high speeds,while they show similar behaviour at low speeds.

THE APPLICATION OF BRANCH MODE METHOD TO THE CRITICAL SPEED ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND ROTATING SYSTEMS

This paper is devoted to the application of branch mode method in the critical speed ana-lysis of compound rotating systems, in which the distributed inertia including gyroscopic effectand distributed elastic support are taken into account. Finally, the method introduced in this paper is used to calculate the critical speeds of anew-type spindle on the spinning frame. The first three critical Speeds are calculated and com-pared with the values obtained from the experimental approach and other theoretical methods.The results show that they are in good agreement with each other.

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic derivatives and critical wind speed for long-span bridges based on simplified steady wind field

Combining the computational fluid dynamics-based numerical simulation with the forced vibration technique for extraction of aerodynamic derivatives, an approach for calculating the aerodynamic derivatives and the critical flutter wind speed for long-span bridges is presented in this paper. The RNG k-ε turbulent model is introduced to establish the governing equations, including the continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equations, for solving the wind flow field around a two-dimensional bridge section. To illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach, a simple application to the Hume Bridge in China is provided, and the numerical results show that the aerodynamic derivatives and the critical flutter wind speed obtained agree well with the wind tunnel test results.

基于AHP-CRITIC与TOPSIS的路基下穿高铁桥梁施工工法评价

针对赣南大道下穿赣深高铁桥梁近接桥墩段路基施工优化比选问题,提出了一种基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性权重确定法(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)和逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的多因子多方案综合评价方法。首先,基于结构变形、内力变化和经济指标构建了客观可量化的下穿工程综合评价指标体系;其次,基于各评价指标的价值差异问题,提出了AHP-CRITIC综合赋权法,利用最小鉴别信息原理将主、客观权重相结合,充分考虑了下穿工程评价中主观判断的重要作用及评价指标间信息量的对比强度和冲突性;最后,利用TOPSIS法求得多维空间中样本点到理想样本的正、负理想距离,通过计算相对贴进度对下穿施工工法进行定量排序。研究表明,该方法对下穿工程评价的影响因素复杂性和评价标准模糊性具有良好的处理效果,为方案评估优化提供了一条有效途径。

Separate critical condition for ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding

Separate characteristic of the tangential ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding (TUAG) machining is analyzed based on TUAG process, and a critical speed formula is given to correctly set the machining parameters to insure the separate characteristics of TUAG process. The critical speed is not only related to the ultrasonic vibration amplitude and frequency, but also to the grinding wheel velocity and the cutting point space, and the grinding force can be decreased during the TUAG process with separability. Grinding force experiments are conducted, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results.

Influence of train speed and its mitigation measures in the short-and long-term performance of a ballastless transition zone

The ballastless track is nowadays the most popular railway system due to the required low number of maintenance opera-tions and costs,despite the high investment.The gradual change from ballasted to ballastless tracks has been occurring in Asia,but also in Europe,increasing the number of transition zones.The transition zones are a special area of the railway networks where there is an accelerated process of track degradation,which is a major concern of the railway infrastructure managers.Thus,the accurate prediction of the short-and long-term performance of ballastless tracks in transition zones is an important topic in the current paradigm of building/rehabilitating high-speed lines.This work purposes the development of an advanced 3D model to study the global performance of a ballastless track in an embankment-tunnel transition zone considering the influence of the train speed(220,360,500,and 600 km/h).Moreover,a mitigation measure is also adopted to reduce the stress and displacements levels of the track in the transition.A resilient mat placed in the tunnel and embank-ment aims to soften the transition.The behaviour of the track with the resilient mat is evaluated considering the influence of the train speed,with special attention regarding the critical speed.The used methodology is a novel and hybrid approach that allows including short-term and long-term performance,through the development of a powerful 3D model combined with the implementation of a calibrated empirical permanent deformation model.

考虑粗糙度的复合微织构轴承动力特性分析

为了提高滑动轴承旋转摩擦副的动力学性能和优化轴承结构,综合考虑表面粗糙度和复合微织构等因素,建立轴承转子系统的动力学特性计算模型,从理论上研究了考虑表面粗糙度时的复合微织构轴承的稳定性。针对圆形复合矩形微织构轴承,计算了不同粗糙度下轴承的油膜压力和临界速度,分析了不同复合微织构深度下的轴承刚度系数、阻尼系数及临界速度。研究结果表明:复合微织构轴承可以获得更大的临界速度,提高轴承的稳定性;复合微织构轴承的稳定性随织构深度的增大先增大后减小,在圆形和矩形织构无量纲深度分别为0.2和0.3附近稳定性最佳;相较于不考虑粗糙度时,采用均方根偏差为0.209μm时的考虑粗糙度的复合微织构轴承稳定性更佳,但最佳织构深度有所减小。

道面平整度对湿滑道面-飞机轮胎相互作用影响分析

湿滑条件下,跑道不平整使积水厚度随道面起伏而变化,影响飞机起降安全。因此,引入国际平整度指数(international roughness index,IRI),搭建基于IRI的轮胎-积水-道面有限元模型,通过仿真模拟,分析不同IRI的道面对飞机临界滑水速度的影响;结合IRI,对比不同飞机轮胎速度、积水厚度条件下道面视摩擦因数较平整道面的降低幅度,分析IRI对道面摩擦性能的影响;并依据某机场视摩擦因数实测试验结果,对仿真实验结果进行修正,探究IRI对飞机刹车效应的影响。结果表明:道面平整段积水厚度一定时,飞机临界滑水速度随IRI增加而降低,当IRI=5时,飞机临界滑水速度较平整道面降低约30%;飞机轮胎速度一定时,视摩擦因数随道面平整度等级降低而减小,当IRI=5时,视摩擦因数较平整道面降低幅度高达98%,严重影响飞机运行安全;道面平整度等级为“好”时,相同平整度段积水厚度下,飞机轮胎与道面视摩擦因数随IRI的增加而减小;综合考虑IRI和经试验数据修正后的视摩擦因数对飞机刹车效应产生的影响发现,随着平整度指数与平整段积水厚度逐渐增加,飞机刹车效应会产生降级。国内某机场道面在1.5<IRI≤2,平整段积水厚度≥7.66 mm的道面条件下,飞机刹车效应最大降低了3级,即由“中到差”降至“差”,此时飞机方向操纵与减速能力严重下降;积水道面平整度评价为“中”和“差”时,飞机刹车效应降级幅度突增,导致道面条件无法保障飞机运行安全;平整段积水厚度为7.66~13 mm时飞机刹车效应受IRI变化的影响较大,降级变化明显,在维护过程中须尤为注意。

多种通航建筑物组合布置的通过时间研究

山区航道高水头通航建筑物多采用船闸、升船机、隧洞和中间渠道组合布置的形式。多种通航建筑物组合布置时,各通航建筑物的通过能力相互制约和影响,计算较为复杂。结合工程实际,在通过能力计算中,分析了通过各建筑物时间的匹配性及其对通航效率的影响,指出在组合布置通航建筑物时,应以船闸或升船机1次运行时间为基础,复核计算通航隧洞、辅助闸门等其他通航建筑物的1次运行时间是否小于基础时间,当大于基础时间时,应合理调整组合形式、布置形式和建设规模,成果可为类似工程提供参考。

均匀流场下平单轴光伏支架扭转气动失稳特征试验研究

由于发电量明显高于固定式光伏系统,平单轴光伏发电系统近些年得到了广泛的应用。平单轴光伏支架由于扭转刚度较低,在大风天气下容易出现扭转气动失稳现象,从而造成支架结构破坏。为了进一步深入了解该振动的发生条件和机理,本研究通过节段模型测振风洞试验研究结构自振频率、倾角、阻尼等参数对扭转气动失稳的影响,分析了气动阻尼和气动刚度随着风速和倾角的变化规律。研究表明,平单轴光伏支架的扭转气动失稳表现出较强的气动耦合效应,气动阻尼和气动刚度是影响平单轴光伏支架气动失稳的重要参数,对风速和倾角的变化较为敏感,该失稳现象具备自激振动的特点;扭转刚度的提高在某些倾角下可以有效地限制振幅,同时可提高结构在各倾角的临界风速;扭转气动失稳的倾角范围为-15°~20°,0°倾角附近临界风速较高,若采用小倾角进行保护时,建议将大风保护角度设为0°。

异步电机永磁悬浮轴承结构设计与动力学计算

为保证异步电机转子在永磁悬浮状态下仅有微摩擦特性,必须保证永磁轴承具有稳定的高势能状态。采用一个机械调心滚子轴承限定其转子轴向位移。基于气隙磁导及等效磁荷法计算出转子所受不平衡磁拉力,并给出永磁轴承定转子气隙、转子偏移、永磁轴承环数划分、气隙位置与径向刚度之间的关系,对上述参数进行优化以获得永磁轴承的最佳径向刚度,使永磁轴承能有效平衡电机转子所受的不平衡磁拉力。通过对转子涡动轨迹及临界转速进行分析,验证了异步电机永磁轴承悬浮结构可实现微摩擦悬浮。