A Sensor Network Coverage Planning Based on Adjusted Single Candidate Optimizer

Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are widely used for various practical applications due to their simplicity and versatility.The quality of service in WSNs is greatly influenced by the coverage,which directly affects the monitoring capacity of the target region.However,low WSN coverage and uneven distribution of nodes in random deployments pose significant challenges.This study proposes an optimal node planning strategy for net-work coverage based on an adjusted single candidate optimizer(ASCO)to address these issues.The single candidate optimizer(SCO)is a metaheuristic algorithm with stable implementation procedures.However,it has limitations in avoiding local optimum traps in complex node coverage optimization scenarios.The ASCO overcomes these limitations by incorporating reverse learning and multi-direction strategies,resulting in updated equations.The performance of the ASCO algorithm is compared with other algorithms in the literature for optimal WSN node coverage.The results demonstrate that the ASCO algorithm offers efficient performance,rapid convergence,and expanded coverage capabilities.Notably,the ASCO achieves an archival coverage rate of 88%,while other approaches achieve coverage rates below or equal to 85%under the same conditions.

Hybrid Power Bank Deployment Model for Energy Supply Coverage Optimization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.

Parameterization of the sea spray generation function with whitecap coverage

Sea spray droplets are produced by waves breaking on the sea surface, and they vary the transfer of energy between the atmosphere and ocean. The sea spray generation function(SSGF) is generally considered as a function of the initial radius of the spray droplets and the wind speed. However, ocean waves always exist at the air-sea interface, so it is not reasonable to consider only the effect of sea surface winds while ignoring the effects of ocean waves. Whitecap coverage is an important characteristic parameter of breaking waves, and researchers believe that this parameter is related to both wave state and wind speed. In this paper, the SSGF is parameterized by the whitecap coverage, and a new SSGF describing different droplet radii is organically integrated based on the whitecap coverage parameter. Then, with the relationship between the whitecap coverage and wave state, the influence of ocean waves on the SSGF for different wave states was analyzed by using observational data in the laboratory. The results show that the new SSGF that considers wave effects can reasonably describe the droplet generation process under different wave state conditions.

Influence of groundwater level change on vegetation coverage and their spatial variation in arid regions

Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one.

Coverage-optimization based guidance of mobile agents for improved control of distributed parameter systems

The control problem of a class of parabolic distributed parameter systems (DPSs) is investigated by using mobile agents with capabilities of sensing and actuating. The guidance strategies of mobile agents based on coverage optimization methods are proposed to improve the control performance of the system and make the state norm of the system converge to zero faster. The coverage optimization problems are constructed based on the measurement of each agent. By solving the coverage optimization problems, the local optimal moving direction of each agent can be obtained. Then the gradient-based agent motion control laws are established. With the indicator function and the surface delta function, this method is generalized to n-dimensional space, and suitable for any sensing region with piecewise smooth boundaries. The stability and control performance of the system are analyzed. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Estimation of Copper, Silver and Gold Coverages on the Iridium Field Emitter Tip Surface

The work described in this paper is a study of the estimation of copper, silver and gold coverages on the iridium field emitter tip surface. The study has been carried out by using a simple field emission microscope designed especially for the purpose of the adsorbate coverage calibration. It was equipped with an iridium field emitter tip. On one side of the microscope was the vapor source 12.5 cm from the tip, and on the other side 16.2 cm from the source was a quartz crystal oscillator. The crystal leads were spot welded to a two-pin tungsten-glass press-seal. In front of the crystal, a nickel shield was mounted in which there was a circular hole of an area of 0.0804 cm2, slightly smaller than the surface of the crystal, to prevent shorting of the conducting ends of the crystal which would be brought about by the condensed metal. The sensing crystal inside the microscope was driven by a small circuit placed just outside the microscope. The driving circuit was in turn connected to another circuit which comprised a frequency comparator unit which could read the frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator before and after the deposition of the adsorbate and gave a direct digital reading of ?(f is the resonance frequency of the crystal before the deposition of the adsorbate and Δf is the difference in the frequency of the oscillator after and before the deposition of the adsorbate on the crystal). The mass added to either side of the crystal alters its resonant frequency. The frequency shift obtained for a certain thickness of the deposited film depends on the density of the deposited film [1] [2].

基于X87指令集的浮点除法运算单元设计

基于X87指令集架构,在TSMC 65nm的工艺库下,采用SRT-16算法设计一种浮点除法运算单元。SRT-16算法主要是通过采用重叠商与余数计算部分的结构来进行优化处理,使得在原有传统算法SRT-4的基础上增加的电路面积较少,并且使得循环次数减少一半,并且在处理商的结果中引入商的飞速转换技术。通过对基于SystemVerilog自动对比平台的搭建,通过C对比模型,完成自动对比,加速验证的速度,进行功能覆盖统计,完成覆盖率100%。通过DC综合检测电路的时序情况,对电路进行时序优化,完成满足时序要求1.08ns,工作频率为900MHz。

基于CGA的MPI程序分支覆盖测试套件生成

针对程序的分支覆盖测试,元启发式搜索技术已经被广泛应用于测试数据生成中。然而,当前的研究成果主要适用于串行程序。因此,为覆盖消息传递接口(Message Passing Interface,MPI)程序的分支,该文研究基于协同进化遗传算法(Co-evolutionary Genetic Algorithm,CGA)的测试套件生成方法(简称为:CGA生成法),该方法具有不受不可行分支影响的优势。首先,基于收集覆盖信息的探针,定义最小归一化分支距离,并以此设计出相应的适应度值函数;然后,使用CGA生成进化个体,并基于设计的适应度值函数,计算这些个体的适应值;最后,基于计算的适应值,选择子种群中代表个体,以构成合作种群。所提CGA生成法应用于7个基准MPI程序,并与其他多种方法进行比较。实验结果表明,CGA生成法的覆盖率通常高于其他搜索算法。

玻璃幕墙清洗机器人内螺旋完全遍历路径规划研究

针对高空复杂环境下玻璃幕墙清洗机器人的全方位无死角清洗问题,本文提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的内螺旋完全遍历路径规划方法。首先在融合视觉传感器识别定位结果的基础上构建环境栅格地图;针对机器人全方位无死角遍历问题,以最大覆盖面积、最小重复路径及最大安全性为目标,通过内螺旋完全遍历算法实现清洗路径规划。在此基础上,针对机器人完全遍历易陷入死区问题,以最快规划、最少拐点及最快收敛为目标,通过改进蚁群算法规划出最优逃逸死区路线。改进方向以机器人4方位4领域移动为主,在启发函数中引入A^(*)算法的代价函数,同时在信息素更新中引入惩罚函数的思想。最后通过2种算法结合完成清洗区域的完全遍历,仿真结果表明:机器人在已知地图上通过4次规划后清洗覆盖率达到100%,行进重复率达到3.15%,实现了完全遍历。

长江中下游降雨侵蚀力时空变化及其与植被覆盖的关系

充分掌握大尺度流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征对流域水土保持、防洪减灾和生态环境保护至关重要。基于长江中下游的119个气象站点57a逐日降雨资料,通过Xie模型计算各站降雨侵蚀力,使用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)法对降雨侵蚀力进行区域划分;结合Mann-Kendal检验、重标极差(R/S)法和相关性分析方法分析长江中下游降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征,并揭示其与植被覆盖度之间的关系。结果表明:(1)长江中下游降雨侵蚀力整体呈上升趋势,年均降雨侵蚀力为5643MJ mm hm^(-2)h^(-1)。(2)不同季节降雨侵蚀力空间分布存在差异。冷季降雨侵蚀力空间分布不均,高值区主要集中在流域的西部和东北部,而暖季降雨侵蚀力则表现为以江西省为中心沿西北方向递减的空间分布格局,最大值和最小值出现在鄱阳湖环湖区(III区)和长江干流武汉以下段及太湖水系(IV区)。(3)长江中下游相邻地理分区间降雨侵蚀力变化速率差异较大,降雨侵蚀力区域性差异显著。其中III区、湘江及赣江流域(I区)和IV区年均降雨侵蚀力呈显著增长趋势(P<0.05)且未来将保持该趋势,为水土保持重点关注区域。(4)研究所发现的长江中下游水土保持重点关注区域的降雨侵蚀力与植被覆盖度存在负相关。但值得注意的是I区在冷季呈现正相关,而且其中的湘江上游流域出现显著正相关。研究表明降雨侵蚀力是影响地表侵蚀过程的关键因素,侵蚀性降水会影响植被覆盖情况,进而影响地表的侵蚀过程。因此在重点关注高降雨侵蚀力地区的同时还需加强植被保护工作。研究结果可为长江中下游区域水土保持及生态环境保护工作提供科学依据。

一类具有媒体效应的传染病模型的全局动力学

本文讨论一类受媒体效应影响的具有一般发生率的传染病模型,其发生率函数突破了Korobeinikov等人(2005)的文中对全局凹性的要求,通过构造V函数并结合常微分方程定性理论得到了模型无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性.最后,针对媒体影响给出两个具体例子验证所得理论结果.

基于四叉树的ORB特征阶梯分布算法

针对传统ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)算法提取图像特征时存在的特征点数量不足且分布不均匀问题,提出了一种基于四叉树的ORB特征阶梯分布算法。通过四叉树算法分割出特征点疏密不同的区域,对每个区域采用逐步降低阈值的方法,实现FAST(Features from Accelerated Segment Test)角点自适应提取;同时依据分割区域设置逐次递减的分割深度和特征点提取比例,以减少运算时间和特征冗余,使特征点分布更均匀。采用覆盖均匀度对特征点的均匀性进行量化。试验结果表明,该算法比传统ORB算法单幅图片的特征点提取数量平均多10.45%,覆盖均匀度平均低20%,运行时间比Mur-Artal算法平均减少20.54%,有效地提高了提取特征点的数量和均匀性,提升了运算效率。

一类具有媒体报道和环境传播的SEVIQBR传染病模型的动力学分析

考虑媒体报道以及环境传播对疾病传播的影响,建立了一类受媒体报道和环境传播影响的SEVIQBR传染病模型.首先,通过下一代矩阵的方法得到了模型的基本再生数R0,基于基本再生数讨论模型无病平衡点以及地方病平衡点的存在性.接着,借助Hurwitz判据研究了无病平衡点的局部稳定性,并构造适当的Lyapunov函数证明无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性.结果表明:当基本再生数R0<1时,模型的无病平衡点是全局渐近稳定的,当R0满足一定条件时,模型的地方病平衡点是存在的.最后,通过数值模拟验证了理论结果.

掺杂对TiC_(2)纳米片析氢反应的第一性原理研究

过渡金属二碳族化物单层作为一种廉价而丰富的材料,在制氢催化剂方面的应用越来越受到人们的关注.在这项工作中,基于第一性原理计算研究了掺杂二碳化钛单层的析氢还原.我们发现掺杂元素和浓度对单分子膜的催化能力有强烈的影响.结果表明,在高氢覆盖率内,O和V掺杂能有效的降低氢吸附的吉布斯自由能.低密度掺杂可以提高催化能力.我们进一步研究表明,由于V原子在二碳化钛(TiC_(2))单层中具有最低的负形成能,因此比其他过渡金属原子更容易取代Ti原子.期望掺钒TiC_(2)单分子膜能以更高的效率应用于水电解.

应变对析氢反应催化剂TiC_(2)性能影响的研究

应变工程是一种有效地用来调整原子薄膜材料的电子、磁性和光学性能的策略.利用第一性原理计算,我们表明应变也可以有效地调节Ti C_(2)的析氢反应(HER)的催化活性,这是电解水电化学制氢所必需的.我们主要考虑0-8%范围的拉伸应变,研究发现,在25%的氢覆盖率下双轴拉伸比单轴拉伸能更有效的提高HER活性,但b方向拉伸后的Ti C_(2)结构具有更高的氢最大覆盖率,且b方向的拉伸应变对不同氢覆盖率的Ti C_(2)单层片的催化性能都有很大的提高.电子结构计算表明,拉伸应变可以激活相对惰性的内部价电子,从而引起体系的失稳和催化活性的提高.在本工作中获得的见解可能有助于利用应变作为一种有效手段来提高二维材料的催化活性,并探索更有效地调整其电子结构和催化活性的新方法.

基于优化覆盖算法的异构多模态信息检索方法

针对信息检索过程易受信息差异度、边缘数据等问题的干扰,导致检索结果的查全率和效率较低等问题,提出基于优化覆盖算法的异构多模态信息检索方法。根据邻量化距离计算异构多模态信息之间的差异度,根据不同差异度,采用张量分解聚类算法对信息实行聚类处理,采用粒子群优化覆盖算法在选代过程中搜索出最佳的覆盖粒子,得到搜索效果最佳的覆盖值,完成异构多模态信息的检索。实验结果表明,所提方法的检索时间短、查全率高、NDCG数值高,有效提升了信息检索质量。

甘肃省不同生态功能区草地资源综合评分及其原因分析

根据甘肃省自然气候的地域分异性规律,将全省草原划分为甘南高寒草原生态功能区,祁连山-阿尔金山山地草甸、草原生态功能区,河西走廊荒漠草原生态功能区,黄土高原干旱草原生态功能区,陇南山地草丛草原生态功能区5个草原生态功能区。从甘肃省林草资源现状数据库中,提取草地图斑和相关属性因子,形成草原专题数据库。分别计算全省5个草原生态功能区的草原综合植被盖度、单位面积牧草产量、可食牧草占比、草原载畜能力4个指标。结果表明,通过加入权重系数计算求得全省草原不同生态功能区草地资源综合分析评价得分,并对计算结果采取百分制赋分,得分最高的陇南山地草丛草原生态功能区赋值100分,则甘南高寒草原生态功能区百分制得分为94.11分,黄土高原干旱草原生态功能区百分制得分为50.41分,河西走廊荒漠草原生态功能区百分制得分为26.07分,祁连山-阿尔金山山地草甸、草原生态功能区百分制得分为18.36分。

Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

WORK FUNCTION AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF Co OVERLAYERS ON THE ION SPUTTERED BASAL FACE OF MoS_(2) SINGLE CRYSTAL

Work function and photoemission spectroscopy have been applied to the study of the interaction of Co overlayers with the ion sputtered basal face of MoS_(2)(0001).The experimental results show that upon Co deposition the work function of the MoS_(2)substrate drops rapidly and reaches a minimum value of-0.65eV forΔФ,and then increases to the metal Co work function at coverages greater than a monolayer.The Fermi level pinning at 2.2eV above the Mo 4dz2 peak has been found at a low submonolayer coverage.

基于UVM的可重用硬件加速器验证平台

验证平台主要通过覆盖率驱动的收敛技术,并结合定向测试与可约束的随机激励,对多核加速器芯片中的IP进行功能型验证。验证环境按照卷积神经网络硬件加速器的验证需求搭建,对设计中卷积、激活、池化、全连接的功能层和基地址和数据偏移等数据流控制功能验证。实验结果证明,验证平台按照通用验证方法学(Universal Verification Methodology,UVM)中的机制,量化验证进度,确保功能模块的验证完备性;经过少量修改即可对不同结构层的神经网络模型的硬件加速器验证平台重用,缩短了验证周期。