Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

Preparation Technology of Wuwei Xiaoke Granules

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction and preparation technology of Wuwei Xiaoke granules.[Methods]Taking the extraction rate of extract as the scoring standard,the water extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test.The influence of the proportion of pharmaceutical excipients on the molding conditions of Wuwei Xiaoke granules was investigated using granule molding rate,solubility,moisture,granularity,water-soluble extract and microorganism examination as evaluation indicators,and the optimal molding technology was optimized.[Results]The extraction technology was soaking in water for 0.5 h and heat extraction twice for 1 h each time:adding 10 times the amount of water in the first time,and adding 8 times the amount of water in the second time.The best molding technology was:extract density 1.13-1.16(55-60℃),extract:soluble starch=1:2,and 0.15%stevioside.[Conclusions]The water extraction technology and granule molding technology optimized by orthogonal test are reliable and stable,with good granular characteristics,easy oral administration and good solubility,which can maximize the comprehensive quality of Wuwei Xiaoke granules,and provide an effective reference for the preparation and production of Wuwei Xiaoke granules.

Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Study of the reaction mechanism for preparing powdered activated coke with SO_(2)adsorption capability via one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere

In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,and N2 adsorption-desorption.Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated.The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu＋ ratio on the catalyst surface.Moreover,the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and less on the type of heat treatment atmosphere.The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures,and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis.The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.

Preparation Process of Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol Liposomes

[Objectives] To explore the optimal process for preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes. [Methods] A refractive index method was used to determine the content of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol. Using particle size distribution and encapsulation rate as evaluation indicators, the effects of hydration time, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase, granulation method, as well as thin film dispersion and reverse evaporation methods on liposomes preparation were investigated, and the optimal preparation method was selected. Single factor experiments were used to screen the drug phospholipid ratio, ultrasound time, and phospholipid cholesterol ratio, and the preparation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimal process of preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes was as below: 1 : 10 of drug phospholipid ratio, 6 min of ultrasound time, 4 : 1 of phospholipid cholesterol ratio, (60.94%±7.24%) of entrapment efficiency, (86.44±6.08) nm of particle size, (0.195±0.077) of PDI. [Conclusions] The optimal preparation process of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes selected by orthogonal experiment could effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyranotriol and reduce particle size. Moreover, the method was stable and reliable.

A convenient one-step preparation of diaminonitrile compounds

A new method for preparation of diaminonitrile compounds is reported. In this method primary aliphatic diamine compounds were condensed with two equivalents of benzaldehyde and sodium cyanide in presence of an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogensulfite under mild conditions. This method provides an efficient, convenient and practical method for the syntheses of diaminonitrile compounds and the products are easily isolated. The prepared new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry.

Comparative Analysis of Site Preparation Costs of Poplar Plantations Establishment by Various Technological Schemes

In this work, the costs for machinery and all means for site preparation of forest clearings for afforestation with intensivepoplar plantations were studied by applying various technological schemes. For this purpose, three technological schemes （TS1,TS2and TS3）, applying in Bulgaria, were studied. By applying the respective technological scheme, the site preparation was performedentirely with a milling aggregate PT-400, equipped with multifunctional forest tiller FAE-300/S. The processes of shredding stumps,mulching clearing debris and bushes, and primary tillage of the soil up to depth of 50 cm were examined. The survey was conductedin poplar clearings along the river Danube, over alluvial moderately moist soil. A new categorization of the poplar clearings isproposed depending on the operating conditions. The performance of the milling unit and the relative costs for labor, machinery andmeans for site preparation per unit area were defined. Depending on the category of poplar clearings, total cost for site preparationapplying the studied technology vary between 27.6 h/ha and 29.3 h/ha, which at current prices of 53.5 ∈/h for the operation of PT-400with FAE 300/S is between ∈1,478/ha and ∈1,569/ha. To conduct comparative analysis of the new technology and the oldtechnologies under similar operating conditions, the relatively costs for site preparation of the previously applied technologies whichuse rotary and tooth uprooter machines are defmed. According to the applied technological scheme and used machines in differentcategories, clearings costs for land preparation vary between ∈1,230/ha and ∈3,300/ha. Based on comparative analysis, it is designeda new technological scheme for afforestation with poplar plantations in riverside clearings, where by ensuring high quality work, thecosts for site preparation become lower （24.2-25.9 h/ha） and thus cost from ∈993/ha to 61,084/ha is achieved.

Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Separation of Basic Proteins with Coated Columns Prepared by Sol-Gel Technology

Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significant decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.

Preparation technologies for polymer composites with high-directional thermal conductivity:A review

With the rapid development of science and technology,electronic devices are moving towards miniaturization and integration,which brings high heat dissipation requirements.During the heat dissipation process of a heating element,heat may spread to adjacent components,causing a decrease in the performance of the element.To avoid this situation,the ability to directionally transfer heat energy is urgently needed.Therefore,thermal interface materials(TIMs)with directional high thermal conductivity are more critical in thermal management system of electronic devices.For decades,many efforts have been devoted to the design and fabrication of TIMs with high-directional thermal conductivity.Benefiting from the advantage in feasibility,low-cost and scalability,compositing with thermal conductive fillers has been proved to be promising strategy for fabricating the high-directional thermal conductive TIMs.This review summarizes the present preparation technologies of polymer composites with high-directional thermal conductivity based on structural engineering of thermal conductive fillers,focusing on the manufacturing process,mechanisms,achievements,advantages and disadvantages of different technologies.Finally,we summarize the existing problems and potential challenges in the field of directional high thermal conductivity composites.

Preparation and characterization of uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles

Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm and the diameter ranging from 5 to 10 μm.The backs of the circinate aggregates were regularly arranged by numerous sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a thickness of 30-80 nm and a diameter of 300-400 nm.The precursors were aggregates of sheet Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 nanoparticles,which were decomposed into ZnO by calcining in air in the range of 200-285°C,and the ZnO retained the similar special structure.The C2H5OH content had a significant effect on the formation of sheet ZnO.The centripetal force,the Van der Waals force,and the hydrogen bond were deduced as the driving forces of the formation of circinate.

Cleaner and convenient preparation of 3-（4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy）-2-methyl-phenol

Environmental concerns have highlighted the need of cleaner technologies. A cleaner, convenient and selective technology has been developed for the preparation of 3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-2-methyl-phenol (DPMP) from 2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol in water as solvent. The isolated yield of DPMP is up to 86% in good selectivity. The product structure was characterized by conventional methods, H-NMR and MS. This technology belongs to the modern concept of 1 environmentally friendly low wastes or non-wastes technology (LWNWT).

The progress of radioisotope technology and application in China

The inception of radioisotope and its application in China are introduced. The research,development, production, application progress and the future development prospect of radioisotope and its products are described.

Instructions for Manuscript Preparation

Plasma Science and Technology (PST) journal assists in advanci ng plasma science and tech no logy by reporting important, novel, helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinaiy field, in a timely manner. This field encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically con fined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas;astrophysics and space plasmas;and interdisciplinary science of these;and the engineering and technology development and application from them.

Instructions for Manuscript Preparation

Plasma Science and Technology(PST)journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important,novel,helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field,in a timely manner.This tield encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas:astrophysics and space plasmas:and interdisciplinary science of these:and the engineering and technology development and application from them.

Instructions for Manuscript Preparation

Plasma Science and Technology (PST) journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important, novel, helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, in a timely manner. This field encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas;astrophysics and space plasmas;and interdisciplinary science of these;and the engineering and technology development and application from them.

Study on Processing Technology for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by Bean Curd

[Objectives] The aim was to explore the best parameters for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. [Methods] Orthogonal test( L_(16)(4~3)) was designed to investigate the optimal soaking time,decocting time and bean curd proportion for processing Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix by bean curd. The contents of monoester alkaloids and diester-alkaloids were measured as the evaluation indexes. [Results]The contents of monoester alkaloids were 0. 11%,0. 07%,0. 062% and 0. 048% respectively under the four levels of soaking time,were0. 081%,0. 066%,0. 074% and 0. 067% respectively under the four levels of decocting time,and were 0. 070%,0. 072%,0. 080% and0. 073% respectively under the four levels of bean curd proportion. The content of diester-alkaloids was all below 0. 034%. The influence intensity of the three factors on the content of monoester alkaloids ranked as soaking time > decocting time > bean curd proportion. Under any of the above conditions,the content of diester-alkaloids was below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of diester-alkaloids was reduced obviously with the increased use of bean curd. [Conclusions] The optimum processing conditions for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix were A_3B_3C_2,i. e.,soaking time of 6 d,decocting time of 5 h and bean curd proportion of 25%.

Optimization of preparation process of cationic liposome nanoparticles containing Survivin-siRNA and osthol

Objective:To prepare cationic liposome nanoparticles loaded with survivin-siRNA and Cnidium monnieri based on the ability of liposomes to contain both water-soluble and lipid soluble components.Methods:The preparation technology of Osthol cationic liposomes was optimized by orthogonal test with membrane material ratio,drug lipid ratio,ultrasonic time and steaming temperature as factors.The volume ratio of HA-siRNA to protamine and the ratio of HA-siRNA protamine complex to liposome were investigated by control variable method with potential and particle size as indexes.The particle size and zeta potential were measured by potentiometric particle size analyzer,and the shape was observed by transmission electron microscope;The absorbance of different concentrations of FAM-Survivin-siRNA standard solution was measured by microplate analyzer,and the entrapment efficiency of cationic liposomes loaded with FAM-Survivin-siRNA and osthole was calculated.Results:The optimum preparation conditions of osthole loaded cationic liposomes were as follows:the ratio of membrane to material was 3:1,the ratio of drug to lipid was 1:5,the steaming temperature was 30℃,the ultrasonic time was 70 min,and the encapsulation efficiency was 78.34%.The optimum preparation conditions of osthole loaded cationic liposomes loaded FAM-Survivin-siRNA were as follows:the volume ratio of Survivin-siRNA to protamine was 1:1,Protamine complex 25μg.Add 50μL cationic liposomes.The particle size is 132.3±0.2nm,zeta potential is 43.15±0.05mv,and its shape is irregular round;According to the standard curve,the entrapment efficiency of cationic liposome nanoparticles co loaded with Survivin-siRNA and osthole was 81.34±0.041%.Conclusion:The prepared cationic liposome nanoparticles loaded with Survivin-siRNA and osthole have good encapsulation efficiency,particle size and zeta potential.

The preparation method of surfactin system

By adjusting the order of adding oil phase and water phase,it was found that the emulsion prepared by d-phase method was more stable. Compared with the traditional anionic surfactant potassium cetaceanol phosphate,it was found that the sodium subtilis lipopeptide was more efficient.