Background: Calcium hydroxide has been used in dentistry since several decades. It has been used in a number of applications in the field of endodontics such as root resorption, intracanal medicament, and root canal s...Background: Calcium hydroxide has been used in dentistry since several decades. It has been used in a number of applications in the field of endodontics such as root resorption, intracanal medicament, and root canal sealers. Although this material exhibits several advantages, it also has some limitations. Objectives: To review the role of calcium hydroxide in the field of endodontics, focusing on its mechanism of action, antimicrobial effects, different applications, cytotoxicity or biocompatibility, and its removal from the root canals. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was done using different databases. Out of 2,664 articles, only 33 articles have been selected to be included in this review because they are directly related to the topic and matched the inclusion criteria of this review: “Language: English” and “Year: 2000-2016”. Results: The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide is controversial. Although some studies supported the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide against some bacteria others reported its limitation against fungal infection. Calcium hydroxide can be used effectively as intracanal medicament, root canal sealer, in weeping canals, for perforation management and root resorption. Conclusions: Despite the limitation of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, it is used effectively in a number of treatment modalities in endodontics. Due to its biological and therapeutical properties, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice for all pulp therapy. However, when using calcium hydroxide as a dressing material in root canal treatment caution should be taken to prevent the overextension of the paste beyond the tooth apex and avoid the harmful side effects.展开更多
This case report describes the surgical removal of cementoblastoma associated with apicoectomy and endodontic therapy. The patient, an 18-year-old man, presented pain in the region of the mandibular body on the right ...This case report describes the surgical removal of cementoblastoma associated with apicoectomy and endodontic therapy. The patient, an 18-year-old man, presented pain in the region of the mandibular body on the right side. On clinical exam, bone expansion was observed in the region at the bottom of the vestibular sulcus, pain on palpation, slight extrusion of tooth 46 with presence of pulp vitality. Radiographic exams demonstrated the presence of a radiopaque area and discrete radiolucent halo associated with the root of tooth 46, suggesting the diagnosis of cementoblastoma. Endodontic treatment of tooth 46 was performed and exeresis of the lesion by apicoectomy. Twelve months after the first surgery, recurrence of the lesion was observed, and a new apicoectomy was necessary, this time up to the middle third of the root. Clinical radiographic control 12 mo after the second surgical intervention demonstrated absence of signs and symptoms, radiographic repair, with tooth 46 shown to be fully functional.展开更多
Although intraoral radiographs still remain the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of endodontic patients, in recent years, the utilization of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in endodontics showed a signi...Although intraoral radiographs still remain the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of endodontic patients, in recent years, the utilization of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in endodontics showed a significant jump. This case series presentation shows the importance of CBCT aided diagnosis and treatment of complex endodontic cases such as; root resorption, missed extra canal, fusion, oblique root fracture, nondiagnosed periapical pathology and horizontal root fracture. CBCT may be a useful diagnostic method in several endodontic cases where intraoral radiography and clinical examination alone are unable to provide sufficient information.展开更多
BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative pha...BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative phantom to simulate the trabecular bone aspect of the human maxilla in periapical radiographs.METHODS Half-maxillary phantoms built from gypsum-ground rice were exposed to X-rays,and the resulting images(experimental group)were compared to standardized radiographic images produced from dry human maxillary bone(control group)(n=7).The images were blindly assessed according to strict criteria by three examiners for the usual trabecular aspects of the surrounding bone,and significant differences between groups and in assessment reliability were compared using Fisher’s exact and kappa tests(α=0.05).RESULTS The differences in the trabecular aspects between groups were not statistically significant.In addition,interobserver agreement among observers was 0.43 and 0.51 for the control and experimental groups,respectively,whereas intraobserver agreement was 0.71 and 0.73,respectively.CONCLUSION The tested phantom seemed to demonstrate potential for trabecular bone image Munhoz EA et al.Model of hard tissue simulation for dental radiography WJM https://www.wjgnet.com 2 March 20,2024 Volume 14 Issue 1 simulation on maxillary periapical radiographs.展开更多
目的:探究生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus治疗年轻恒牙再生性牙髓的效果及对牙本质桥形成率、钙化物生成体积的影响。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月-2021年12月张家口市口腔医院收治的60例(共64颗患牙)年轻恒牙慢性根尖周炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗...目的:探究生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus治疗年轻恒牙再生性牙髓的效果及对牙本质桥形成率、钙化物生成体积的影响。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月-2021年12月张家口市口腔医院收治的60例(共64颗患牙)年轻恒牙慢性根尖周炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同进行分组,其中将接受常规三氧化矿物凝聚体(Mineral trioxide aggregate,MTA)支架再生牙髓手术者纳入MTA组(n=29,共31颗患牙),接受生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus支架再生牙髓手术者纳入iRoot BP Plus组(n=31,共33颗患牙)。比较两组临床疗效、牙本质桥形成率、钙化物生成体积及根管改善情况,并随访术后1年患牙的恢复情况。结果:iRoot BP Plus组临床总有效率为93.94%,高于MTA组的74.19%(P<0.05)。术后1个月及术后3个月,iRoot BP Plus组牙本质桥形成率与钙化物生成体积均高于MTA组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组患牙根管长度及根管壁厚度均较术前增加,且iRoot BP Plus组高于MTA组(P<0.05)。术后1年,iRoot BP Plus组根尖孔封闭、萌出高度增加及牙色泽正常比例均高于MTA组(P<0.05)。结论:生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus治疗年轻恒牙再生性牙髓的疗效确切,能有效促进牙本质桥与钙化物的形成,且有助于根管改善与患牙恢复,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
目的探讨富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)结合矿物三氧化物凝聚体(MTA)支架在龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月至2021年10月在濮阳市第三人民医院治疗的龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓患儿86例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分...目的探讨富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)结合矿物三氧化物凝聚体(MTA)支架在龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月至2021年10月在濮阳市第三人民医院治疗的龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓患儿86例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为观察组(43例,50颗)和对照组(43例,52颗),给予观察组PRF结合MTA材料支架治疗,给予对照组iRoot BP Plus支架治疗,观察两组治疗疗效、根管长度、根管壁厚度、患牙恢复情况等。结果观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组治疗后根管长度和根管壁厚度增加(P<0.05);治疗后根管长度和根管壁厚度比较,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组牙体色泽正常、萌出高度增加、根尖孔封闭、牙髓活力正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组治疗后咬合力和咀嚼效率升高(P<0.05);治疗后两组咬合力和咀嚼效率比较,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PRF结合MTA材料支架在龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓治疗中有较好的效果,可帮助改善患儿根管长度、根管壁厚度及患牙恢复情况,治疗后患儿具有良好的咬合力和咀嚼效率,值得临床使用。展开更多
BACKGROUND The success rate of conservative endodontic management for root fracture varies greatly based on different methods used.It has been rarely reported that calcium silicate-based materials are applied in root ...BACKGROUND The success rate of conservative endodontic management for root fracture varies greatly based on different methods used.It has been rarely reported that calcium silicate-based materials are applied in root fracture treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old male patient presented with spontaneous pain from the upper left anterior teeth for 1 wk.The spontaneous pain was subsequently relieved,but pain on mastication persisted for 3 d.The patient had a dental trauma from a boxing match 15 years ago.Cone beam computed tomography showed that the maxillary left central incisor had oblique fracture lines and a radiolucent lesion around the fracture line.The tooth was diagnosed with an oblique root fracture with no healing and symptomatic apical periodontitis.In the following conservative endodontic management,the coronal and apical fragments of the canal both were chemo-mechanically prepared and obturated using a single cone gutta-percha with iRoot SP(Innovative BioCreamix Inc,Vancouver,Canada),a new calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealer.At follow-ups at 1,6,12,and 24 mo,the patient was asymptomatic and the radiolucency around the fracture line was healing radiographically.CONCLUSION Conservative root canal treatment is an alternative treatment in some cases of oblique root fracture with no healing.The application of bioceramic sealers and single core obturation techniques may also be essential to obtain an excellent outcome.展开更多
Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of restorative materials and glass fiber post on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Material and Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted lo...Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of restorative materials and glass fiber post on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Material and Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used in this in vitro study and divided into 5 groups: sound teeth (control group);mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) preparation + endodontic treatment + composite restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + composite restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + amalgam restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + amalgam restoration. The specimens were loaded on a universal testing machine at the crosshead speed of1 mm/min until fracture. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test. Results: The mean loads at fracture were 860.11 N, 801.79 N, 761.39 N, 737.14 N and 707.85 N respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in the fracture resistance of teeth restored with composite and amalgam, as well as restored with or without glass fiber post. Conclusions: The type of restorative material and the usage of glass fiber post do not have visible influence on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated mandibular premolars.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endodontic-periodontal lesion is a commonly encountered dental condition.However,the prognosis of the condition varies from good to poor.Some cases are associated with a poor prognosis that requires tooth e...BACKGROUND Endodontic-periodontal lesion is a commonly encountered dental condition.However,the prognosis of the condition varies from good to poor.Some cases are associated with a poor prognosis that requires tooth extraction.This report presents a case of an endodontic-periodontal lesion in a tooth that was successfully treated by root canal treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old female patient with no medical history complained about persistent pain and discomfort in her left mandibular first molar.Clinical examination showed the left mandibular first molar with poor restoration.It was also associated with underlying necrotic pulp and periodontal involvement.Radiographic examination revealed visible bone defects in the apical and periodontal areas.Based on the findings,the patient was diagnosed with a primary endodontic lesion.A root canal treatment for the endodontic lesion was performed.The patient received a coronal all-ceramic endocrown restoration.A follow-up was arranged to check the prognosis.At the 3 mo follow-up,the clinical and radiography evaluations showed complete disappearance of signs and symptoms and an increase in the radiopacity of the root area.CONCLUSION Despite the poor prognosis associated with many endodontic lesions,this case report highlights that a good prognosis is still possible for an endodontic lesion with apical and periodontal bone loss.In this case,it was achieved via successful root canal treatment without the need for periodontal or surgical intervention.展开更多
BACKGROUND As the complex anatomy of maxillary first molars is one of the major challenges in endodontic therapy,knowledge of the complicated root canal anatomy and configuration is crucial to ensure the success of en...BACKGROUND As the complex anatomy of maxillary first molars is one of the major challenges in endodontic therapy,knowledge of the complicated root canal anatomy and configuration is crucial to ensure the success of endodontic treatment and prognosis.This article presents an endodontically managed left maxillary first molar with an unusual palatal root morphology.The available literature on the anatomic variation of maxillary first molars is also reviewed.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old man with no medical history presented to the Stomatology Department of Peking University Third Hospital complaining of a toothache during mastication in the maxillary left posterior region for approximately 3 mo.He had a spontaneous and intermittent toothache that had worsened,particularly at night.The diagnosis based on clinical examination,X-ray imaging,and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)was symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was performed for the left maxillary first molar.Five root canals revealed by CBCT included a special palatal root canal(1-2-1-shaped),two mesiobuccal root canals,and one distobuccal root canal.Evaluation of the CBCT images confirmed the root canal morphology and the clinician performed more effective cleaning,obturation,and therapy.Finally,the tooth was restored using composite resin,and the patient was satisfied with the result.CONCLUSION CBCT and a complete review of the literature may be beneficial for investigating the root canal system to achieve a biological and functional therapeutic effect.展开更多
文摘Background: Calcium hydroxide has been used in dentistry since several decades. It has been used in a number of applications in the field of endodontics such as root resorption, intracanal medicament, and root canal sealers. Although this material exhibits several advantages, it also has some limitations. Objectives: To review the role of calcium hydroxide in the field of endodontics, focusing on its mechanism of action, antimicrobial effects, different applications, cytotoxicity or biocompatibility, and its removal from the root canals. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was done using different databases. Out of 2,664 articles, only 33 articles have been selected to be included in this review because they are directly related to the topic and matched the inclusion criteria of this review: “Language: English” and “Year: 2000-2016”. Results: The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide is controversial. Although some studies supported the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide against some bacteria others reported its limitation against fungal infection. Calcium hydroxide can be used effectively as intracanal medicament, root canal sealer, in weeping canals, for perforation management and root resorption. Conclusions: Despite the limitation of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, it is used effectively in a number of treatment modalities in endodontics. Due to its biological and therapeutical properties, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice for all pulp therapy. However, when using calcium hydroxide as a dressing material in root canal treatment caution should be taken to prevent the overextension of the paste beyond the tooth apex and avoid the harmful side effects.
文摘This case report describes the surgical removal of cementoblastoma associated with apicoectomy and endodontic therapy. The patient, an 18-year-old man, presented pain in the region of the mandibular body on the right side. On clinical exam, bone expansion was observed in the region at the bottom of the vestibular sulcus, pain on palpation, slight extrusion of tooth 46 with presence of pulp vitality. Radiographic exams demonstrated the presence of a radiopaque area and discrete radiolucent halo associated with the root of tooth 46, suggesting the diagnosis of cementoblastoma. Endodontic treatment of tooth 46 was performed and exeresis of the lesion by apicoectomy. Twelve months after the first surgery, recurrence of the lesion was observed, and a new apicoectomy was necessary, this time up to the middle third of the root. Clinical radiographic control 12 mo after the second surgical intervention demonstrated absence of signs and symptoms, radiographic repair, with tooth 46 shown to be fully functional.
文摘Although intraoral radiographs still remain the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of endodontic patients, in recent years, the utilization of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in endodontics showed a significant jump. This case series presentation shows the importance of CBCT aided diagnosis and treatment of complex endodontic cases such as; root resorption, missed extra canal, fusion, oblique root fracture, nondiagnosed periapical pathology and horizontal root fracture. CBCT may be a useful diagnostic method in several endodontic cases where intraoral radiography and clinical examination alone are unable to provide sufficient information.
文摘BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative phantom to simulate the trabecular bone aspect of the human maxilla in periapical radiographs.METHODS Half-maxillary phantoms built from gypsum-ground rice were exposed to X-rays,and the resulting images(experimental group)were compared to standardized radiographic images produced from dry human maxillary bone(control group)(n=7).The images were blindly assessed according to strict criteria by three examiners for the usual trabecular aspects of the surrounding bone,and significant differences between groups and in assessment reliability were compared using Fisher’s exact and kappa tests(α=0.05).RESULTS The differences in the trabecular aspects between groups were not statistically significant.In addition,interobserver agreement among observers was 0.43 and 0.51 for the control and experimental groups,respectively,whereas intraobserver agreement was 0.71 and 0.73,respectively.CONCLUSION The tested phantom seemed to demonstrate potential for trabecular bone image Munhoz EA et al.Model of hard tissue simulation for dental radiography WJM https://www.wjgnet.com 2 March 20,2024 Volume 14 Issue 1 simulation on maxillary periapical radiographs.
文摘目的:探究生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus治疗年轻恒牙再生性牙髓的效果及对牙本质桥形成率、钙化物生成体积的影响。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月-2021年12月张家口市口腔医院收治的60例(共64颗患牙)年轻恒牙慢性根尖周炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同进行分组,其中将接受常规三氧化矿物凝聚体(Mineral trioxide aggregate,MTA)支架再生牙髓手术者纳入MTA组(n=29,共31颗患牙),接受生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus支架再生牙髓手术者纳入iRoot BP Plus组(n=31,共33颗患牙)。比较两组临床疗效、牙本质桥形成率、钙化物生成体积及根管改善情况,并随访术后1年患牙的恢复情况。结果:iRoot BP Plus组临床总有效率为93.94%,高于MTA组的74.19%(P<0.05)。术后1个月及术后3个月,iRoot BP Plus组牙本质桥形成率与钙化物生成体积均高于MTA组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组患牙根管长度及根管壁厚度均较术前增加,且iRoot BP Plus组高于MTA组(P<0.05)。术后1年,iRoot BP Plus组根尖孔封闭、萌出高度增加及牙色泽正常比例均高于MTA组(P<0.05)。结论:生物陶瓷iRoot BP Plus治疗年轻恒牙再生性牙髓的疗效确切,能有效促进牙本质桥与钙化物的形成,且有助于根管改善与患牙恢复,值得临床推广应用。
文摘目的探讨富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)结合矿物三氧化物凝聚体(MTA)支架在龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月至2021年10月在濮阳市第三人民医院治疗的龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓患儿86例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为观察组(43例,50颗)和对照组(43例,52颗),给予观察组PRF结合MTA材料支架治疗,给予对照组iRoot BP Plus支架治疗,观察两组治疗疗效、根管长度、根管壁厚度、患牙恢复情况等。结果观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组治疗后根管长度和根管壁厚度增加(P<0.05);治疗后根管长度和根管壁厚度比较,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组牙体色泽正常、萌出高度增加、根尖孔封闭、牙髓活力正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组治疗后咬合力和咀嚼效率升高(P<0.05);治疗后两组咬合力和咀嚼效率比较,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PRF结合MTA材料支架在龋病性年轻恒牙再生性牙髓治疗中有较好的效果,可帮助改善患儿根管长度、根管壁厚度及患牙恢复情况,治疗后患儿具有良好的咬合力和咀嚼效率,值得临床使用。
文摘BACKGROUND The success rate of conservative endodontic management for root fracture varies greatly based on different methods used.It has been rarely reported that calcium silicate-based materials are applied in root fracture treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old male patient presented with spontaneous pain from the upper left anterior teeth for 1 wk.The spontaneous pain was subsequently relieved,but pain on mastication persisted for 3 d.The patient had a dental trauma from a boxing match 15 years ago.Cone beam computed tomography showed that the maxillary left central incisor had oblique fracture lines and a radiolucent lesion around the fracture line.The tooth was diagnosed with an oblique root fracture with no healing and symptomatic apical periodontitis.In the following conservative endodontic management,the coronal and apical fragments of the canal both were chemo-mechanically prepared and obturated using a single cone gutta-percha with iRoot SP(Innovative BioCreamix Inc,Vancouver,Canada),a new calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealer.At follow-ups at 1,6,12,and 24 mo,the patient was asymptomatic and the radiolucency around the fracture line was healing radiographically.CONCLUSION Conservative root canal treatment is an alternative treatment in some cases of oblique root fracture with no healing.The application of bioceramic sealers and single core obturation techniques may also be essential to obtain an excellent outcome.
文摘Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of restorative materials and glass fiber post on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Material and Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used in this in vitro study and divided into 5 groups: sound teeth (control group);mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) preparation + endodontic treatment + composite restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + composite restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + amalgam restoration;MOD preparation + endodontic treatment + glass fiber post + amalgam restoration. The specimens were loaded on a universal testing machine at the crosshead speed of1 mm/min until fracture. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test. Results: The mean loads at fracture were 860.11 N, 801.79 N, 761.39 N, 737.14 N and 707.85 N respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in the fracture resistance of teeth restored with composite and amalgam, as well as restored with or without glass fiber post. Conclusions: The type of restorative material and the usage of glass fiber post do not have visible influence on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated mandibular premolars.
基金Jilin Provincial Science and technology Education Department Plan,No.JJKH20190092KJ。
文摘BACKGROUND Endodontic-periodontal lesion is a commonly encountered dental condition.However,the prognosis of the condition varies from good to poor.Some cases are associated with a poor prognosis that requires tooth extraction.This report presents a case of an endodontic-periodontal lesion in a tooth that was successfully treated by root canal treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old female patient with no medical history complained about persistent pain and discomfort in her left mandibular first molar.Clinical examination showed the left mandibular first molar with poor restoration.It was also associated with underlying necrotic pulp and periodontal involvement.Radiographic examination revealed visible bone defects in the apical and periodontal areas.Based on the findings,the patient was diagnosed with a primary endodontic lesion.A root canal treatment for the endodontic lesion was performed.The patient received a coronal all-ceramic endocrown restoration.A follow-up was arranged to check the prognosis.At the 3 mo follow-up,the clinical and radiography evaluations showed complete disappearance of signs and symptoms and an increase in the radiopacity of the root area.CONCLUSION Despite the poor prognosis associated with many endodontic lesions,this case report highlights that a good prognosis is still possible for an endodontic lesion with apical and periodontal bone loss.In this case,it was achieved via successful root canal treatment without the need for periodontal or surgical intervention.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800983Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7164310.
文摘BACKGROUND As the complex anatomy of maxillary first molars is one of the major challenges in endodontic therapy,knowledge of the complicated root canal anatomy and configuration is crucial to ensure the success of endodontic treatment and prognosis.This article presents an endodontically managed left maxillary first molar with an unusual palatal root morphology.The available literature on the anatomic variation of maxillary first molars is also reviewed.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old man with no medical history presented to the Stomatology Department of Peking University Third Hospital complaining of a toothache during mastication in the maxillary left posterior region for approximately 3 mo.He had a spontaneous and intermittent toothache that had worsened,particularly at night.The diagnosis based on clinical examination,X-ray imaging,and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)was symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was performed for the left maxillary first molar.Five root canals revealed by CBCT included a special palatal root canal(1-2-1-shaped),two mesiobuccal root canals,and one distobuccal root canal.Evaluation of the CBCT images confirmed the root canal morphology and the clinician performed more effective cleaning,obturation,and therapy.Finally,the tooth was restored using composite resin,and the patient was satisfied with the result.CONCLUSION CBCT and a complete review of the literature may be beneficial for investigating the root canal system to achieve a biological and functional therapeutic effect.