Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants in Nigeria:An online survey

BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Identifying the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance among Nigerians is crucial for improving vaccine uptake.AIM To assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants among Nigerians.METHODS An online cross-sectional survey(observational study)was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021,using a questionnaire hosted on SurveyMonkey.The invitation to take part in the poll was sent out to participants through social networking platforms.A logistic regression was used to determine which sociodemographic factors were associated with vaccine acceptance constructs.RESULTS A total of 1800 persons responded to the survey,a larger proportion of whom were males(53.9%)and within the age group of 21-30 years(29.4%)and earned an average income of less than$500 per month(43.3%).Only 0.56%of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection,while only 1.11%had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19.The perception rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 51.1%,while the acceptance rate was 63.9%.There was no significant association between the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and related determinants assessed,particularly age(χ²=3.049,P=0.550),sex(χ²=0.102,P=0.749),average income(χ²=3.802,P=0.875),and religion(χ²=2.819,P=0.420).Participants with chronic conditions demonstrated a higher acceptance rate compared to the general population.CONCLUSION Despite the positive perception observed and substantial vaccine acceptance rate among the study participants,more public health interventions are still needed to enhance vaccine acceptability in Nigeria.

Antimicrobial stewardship program in China’s tertiary hospitals in 2018:a nationwide cross-sectional online survey

In the present study,we aimed to assess the development of the antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)program in China’s tertiary hospitals to identify the potential challenges for the AMS program and provide references and benchmarks for strategic policymaking.A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted online by sending questionnaires to tertiary hospitals under China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS).The questionnaire included 5 sections regarding structure,technical support,antimicrobial use management,antimicrobial use surveillance,and education.Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.Of the 1044 tertiary hospitals under CARSS,13.4%(140)hospitals participated in the study.Among them,99.3%(139/140)set up the AMS program.The hospital president(82.1%,115/140)and medical service department(59.3%,83/140)were responsible for AMS outcomes in most hospitals.Structured antimicrobial formulary restriction management was adopted by 99.3%(139/140)hospitals.Infectious disease department,infection control department,and microbiological laboratories were established in 87.1%(122/140),99.3%(139/140)and 100%(140/140)hospitals,respectively.Up to 85.6%(124/140)hospitals applied clinical pathways,and 33.6%(47/140)hospitals implemented hospital-specific guidelines for infectious diseases.Outpatient prescription auditing,inpatient prescription auditing,and prophylactic antimicrobial prescription auditing of aseptic operation were performed in 99.3%(139/140),98.6%(138/140)and 95.7%(134/140)hospitals,respectively.Up to 97.1%(136/140)hospitals participated in antimicrobial use surveillance network,and 99.3%(139/140)hospitals established the specialized management of carbapenem and tigecycline.Staff education and public education were provided with various ways and frequencies in 100%(140/140)and 90.0%(126/140)hospitals,respectively.AMS programs in China’s tertiary hospitals were primarily headed by hospital presidents and involved collaboration among various disciplines and administrative departments.More efforts should be put to further promote and strengthen the development of hospital-specific guidelines and the establishment of a progress and outcome evaluation system.

A modern survey method for determining live loads based on multi-source and open-access data on the Internet

Sufficient survey data are required to describe the stochastic behaviors of live loads.However,due to manual and on-site operation required by traditional survey methods,traditional surveys face challenges like occupant resistance,high costs,and long implementation periods.This study proposes a new survey method to access live load data online and automatically.Required samples are acquired from multi-source,open-access and dynamically updated data on the Internet.The change intervals,geometrical dimensions and object quantities are obtained from transaction information,building attributes and virtual reality models on real estate websites,respectively.The object weights are collected from commodity information on e-commerce websites.The integration of the aforementioned data allows for the extraction of necessary statistics to describe a live load process.The proposed method is applied to a live load survey in China,covering 20040 m^(2),with around 90000 samples acquired for object weights and load changes.The survey results reveal that about 70%−80%of the amplitude statistics are attributable to 1/6 of the total object types.

The willingness to pay for ecosystem services on the Tibetan Plateau of China

Ecosystem Services(ES)are common-pool resources that can be valued by people’s willingness to pay(WTP).In contrast to place-based WTP research at the community-level,the stakeholders tend to be geographically diverse,and the benefits are not spatially apparent on the national level.Aiming to find the geographical diversity of the WTP for ES at the large scale,this study implemented an online survey of more than 25,000 samples to detect the WTP of Chinese people for water conservation,soil retention,carbon fixation,pollution decomposition,biodiversity conservation,and aesthetic existence of the Tibetan Plateau.The results showed the top limit of payments was 1,080.95 CNY/year/capita on average,and people would like to pay 172.40 CNY/year/capita for water conservation,which is the highest among the six ES.The percent of people“Aged 16–35”,“Government agency staff”and“Know WTP”influenced payments at provincial level.On an individual level,people’s knowledge and attitudes directly drove the payment amounts,as well as their ecosystem management decisions.Consequently,geographical diversity of the payment for ES exists in China,and in contrast to the objective social structure and spatial accessibility of ES,people’s knowledge and attitudes were the main driving forces of this geographical diversity.These findings suggest that a bottom-up adaptive governance approach is encouraged for managing common pool resources in developing countries.

Why do they ask? An exploratory study of crowd discussions about Android application programming interface in stack overflow

Nowadays,more and more Android developers prefer to seek help from Q&A website like Stack Overflow,despite the rich official documentation.Several researches have studied the limitations of the official application programming interface(API)documentations and proposed approaches to improve them.However,few of them digged into the requirements of the third-party developers to study this.In this work,we gain insight into this question from multidimensional perspectives of API developers and API users by a kind of cross-validation.We propose a hybrid approach,which combines manual inspection on artifacts and online survey on corresponding developers,to explore the different focus between these two types of stakeholders.In our work,we manually inspect 1000 posts and receive 319 questionnaires in total.Through the mutual verification of the inspection and survey process,we found that the users are more concerned with the usage of API,while the official documentation mainly provides functional description.Furthermore,we identified 9 flaws of the official documentation and summarized 12 aspects(from the content to the representation)for promotion to improve the official API documentations.

Use of Twitter in disaster rescue: lessons learned from Hurricane Harvey

Despite the increasingly prominent role of social media in disaster events,studies analyzing its use in rescue operations remain scanty.Hurricane Harvey hit Texas with unprecedented rainfall and flooding in 2017 and was marked by widespread use of social media for rescue requests.We conducted a survey of 195 Twitter users in Houston and surrounding communities who had requested for rescue during Harvey.The objective was to investigate our targeted group’s socioeconomic and flood exposure characteristics,report the effectiveness of Twitter,and highlight lessons learnt and suggestions made for its use in future rescue missions.Survey revealed that those requesting rescue on Twitter were better educated,employed(80%),and homeowners(81%).Majority of them were flooded(87%),but remained satisfied with current location and did not consider moving.Calling relatives and friends for rescue was most responsive and yielded higher assistance-provided rate than using Twitter.Our respondents found Twitter helpful,but identified issues such as not knowing when volunteers received their requests or whether they would send help.They suggested promoting Twitter accounts and hashtags that accept emergency requests.This study provides baseline information and actionable suggestions for first responders,community managers,and resilience practitioners to improve future rescue missions.

Developing Open RDI and Education in Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences

Open Science(OS)and Research has reached mixed maturity levels in Finland.The meaning of the national project in the ecosystem of Finnish universities of applied sciences(UAS)is to enhance and elaborate OS and Open Education(OE)activities.Future actions were defined based on a survey and interviews carried out in the Finnish UAS sector during 2018 and 2019.The aim of both data collections was to evaluate the current status and attitudes towards open Research,Development,and Innovation(RDI)among staff members.Another purpose was to define the need for internal support services concerning open RDI and OE and to identify knowledge gaps.The results revealed several gaps in understanding OS and OE initiatives.Real-life actions were mostly vague,and the respondents experienced the need for support.On the other hand,the attitudes towards open RDI were positive,and the issue aroused questions and reflections.This study revealed gaps in knowledge and actions in Finnish UAS sectors.These results have been the basis of development actions such as joint workshops,educational webinars,and common instructions.The future plan includes the establishment of an experts’network for supporting open RDI and Education.