RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995...RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.展开更多
Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease, and there are major differences in severity, fetal growth and poor placentation between early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Here, we examined the effect of onset period on feta...Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease, and there are major differences in severity, fetal growth and poor placentation between early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Here, we examined the effect of onset period on fetal and neonatal growth in preeclampsia with a cross-sectional study including 102 pregnant women with preeclampsia visited Okayama University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. The subjects were retrospectively compared in terms of body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, complications, weeks of delivery, neonatal body weight and BMI at birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA), pathological findings in the placenta, and infant’s weight at 1 month after birth. Neonatal body weight and BMI at birth were significantly lower and the extent of FGR and the frequency of SGA were higher in early-onset group compared with late-onset group. Mean daily weight gain during the neonatal period was significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with the late-onset group, however the weight gain rate during the neonatal period in the early-onset group was higher than that in late-onset group. In conclusions, there are significant differences in fetal and neonatal growth between early- and late-onset preeclampsia and the catch up for growth might start during neonatal period.展开更多
基金National Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0203301)National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China(2015CB453201,2013CB430103)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41375058,41530427)Jiangsu Natural Science Key Project of China(BK20150062)
文摘RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.
文摘Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease, and there are major differences in severity, fetal growth and poor placentation between early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Here, we examined the effect of onset period on fetal and neonatal growth in preeclampsia with a cross-sectional study including 102 pregnant women with preeclampsia visited Okayama University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. The subjects were retrospectively compared in terms of body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, complications, weeks of delivery, neonatal body weight and BMI at birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA), pathological findings in the placenta, and infant’s weight at 1 month after birth. Neonatal body weight and BMI at birth were significantly lower and the extent of FGR and the frequency of SGA were higher in early-onset group compared with late-onset group. Mean daily weight gain during the neonatal period was significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with the late-onset group, however the weight gain rate during the neonatal period in the early-onset group was higher than that in late-onset group. In conclusions, there are significant differences in fetal and neonatal growth between early- and late-onset preeclampsia and the catch up for growth might start during neonatal period.
