Parametric Study on Composite Beams with Web Openings Fire Protected with Reactive Intumescent Coating

When service ducts and cables are required to pass through the structural beams,it is a common practical solution to use composite beams with rectangular or circular openings.The fire safety standards in many countries have recommended design methods for composite beams without openings,while the design method for composite beams with web openings is not addressed yet.Due to the complicated distribution of temperature and stress around the openings in the web of the steel beam,extra complexity has been introduced in determination of the structural capability of the beam and the failure mode in fire.These failure modes generally occur at lower limiting temperatures than the solid beam with same size.It is recognized that the thickness of a reactive coating required to provide a given fire resistance to a composite beam with web openings is affected by the beam’s web thickness,opening configuration,the degree of the beam asymmetry and the structural utilization factor,as well as the nature of the proprietary fire protection itself.Therefore it is necessary that such beams are structurally evaluated taking into account all possible modes of structural failure under both ambient and fire conditions.It is also necessary for additional thermal data to be measured around the web openings and on the web posts from fire tests.The additional thermal data will be used in conjunction with a structural model to determine limiting temperatures of beams with web openings.Steel Construction Institute(SCI)has produced a structural analysis model referenced as report RT1356,which divides a composite beam with web openings into different stress blocks,and then analyses the global bending,vertical shear,local Vierendeel bending,web-post buckling etc.The Association for Specialist Fire Protection(ASFP)recommended the test protocol in the Yellow Book,to determine the temperature distribution around the openings and web post.This paper will discuss a series of fire tests having been carried out in the laboratory of EXOVA Warringtonfire to establish temperature distribution in composite beams with web openings.Test result shows that the distribution of temperature is product specific and strongly affected by opening configuration and opening distance.EXOVA Warringtonfire has also developed a sophisticated calculator,ThermCalc,for analyzing temperature and structural following the method presented in RT1356.Using ThermCalc,parametric study has been carried out,and the effect of load utilization factor,opening size,opening distance,slab depth,decking configuration etc.was investigated.

Finite Element Modelling of Steel Beams with Web Openings

Height limitations are not uncommon in multi-storey buildings due to economic requirements and esthetical considerations. Substantial spaces are normally required to enable the passage of large pipes and ducts beneath steel beams leading to uneconomic floor heights. The most adopted solution for this issue is the use of steel beam web openings to provide the required space for services. These openings could lead to a significant decrease of the beam load carrying capacity depending on the adopted openings shape, size and location. These aspects motivated the present study based on FE simulations calibrated against numerical and test results. The results accuracy enabled a comprehensive parametric analysis of beams with web openings to be made focused on the profile size, web opening location, among others. The study also investigated the efficiency of longitudinal stiffeners welded at the opening region and benefits of using an adequate edge concordance radius in beams with rectangular and square openings. The obtained results showed the need of using welded longitudinal stiffeners in order to increase the beams ultimate load carrying capacity. This adoption can double or even triple the ultimate load of beams with rectangular and square opening heights equal to 0.75 H, respectively.

Effect of Web Opening on Buckling Instability of Simply Supported Steel I-Beam

The lateral torsional buckling phenomenon often governs design of steel I-beams. Although web opening is often used to accommodate the required mechanical and piping works in buildings, its effect on the buckling instability is not considered in the design codes. In this paper, the effect of web opening on both lateral torsional buckling and local buckling behaviors has been investigated. A simply supported steel I-beam has been studied under uniform bending moment around the major axis. Buckling analysis has been performed using the finite element method. Linear regression analysis has been conducted for output data to formulate an equation for the critical moment including web opening effect. The results have shown a limited reduction in the lateral torsional buckling capacity and a significant reduction in the local buckling capacity.

Structural Performance of Prefabricated Timber-Concrete Composite Floor Constructed Using Open Web Truss Joist Made of LVL Paraserianthes Falctaria

This paper investigates an open web truss joist (OWTJ) made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) Paraserianthes falctaria as a prefabricated timber-concrete composite floor system. The four-point bending test showed that structural performances of the OWTJ, conventional composite floor (CCF), and prefabricated composite floor (PCF) were similar. Although composite action was not developed as no lateral deformation was observed at the shear connectors, installing a concrete slab above the OWTJ can slightly increase the ductility factor of the composite floor. Furthermore, a finite element model was developed, and the model proved to be suitable for simulating the structural performance of the composite floor.

Static and Dynamic Analysis Web Opening of Steel Beams

According to the purpose of the opening and the structural designer, the shape of the web opening is decided. It is too easy to choose the shape of openings from regular shape whether it is circular or rectangular shape. The presence of openings in the web of steel beams decreases stiffness of the beam and introducing a larger deflection than in the steel web opening with solid opening. A steel beam with web opening is analyzed in this paper. ABAQUS software is using for analyzing nonlinear static and dynamic opening of steel beam with different position and supporting conditions.

Mapping Spatial Data on the Web Using Free and Open-Source Tools: A Prototype Implementation

There is a growing need for web-based geographic information systems for easy and fast dissemination, sharing, displaying and processing of spatial information. The tremendous growth in the use of web and open-source geospatial resources has sparked development of web-based spatial applications to address multidisciplinary issues with spatial dimensions. This paper presents the integration of open-source geospatial tools and web technology to visualize and interact with spatial data using web browser. The goal of this paper is to implement a prototype system for web-based mapping by providing step-by-step instructions in order to encourage the eager developers and interested readers to publish their maps on the web with no prior technical experience in map servers. The implementation of mapping prototype shows the utilization of open-source geospatial tools which results in a rapid implementation with minimal or no software input cost.

Web Based GIS for Tourism Development Using Effective Free and Open Source Software Case Study: Gondor Town and Its Surrounding Area, Ethiopia

Tourism in developing countries are some means of solving their economic problems and improving live standards of people and creates job opportunity for the host people in getting additional income and improve the developments of the country. The result of tourism in terms of environmental, cultural, economic and social aspects has a greater effect for Ethiopia. Gondar, the center of Ethiopian art and culture, is famous in its many Imperial castles and the design and decoration of its churches. This land of castles and churches was founded by Emperor Fasiladas in 1930s and served as tourist attraction sites all over the world. The main challenge to attract international tourists in the study area is Scarce and insufficient promotion of the tourist attraction sites, Lack of broad information based on the internet about tourism information, and lack of organized information about tourism facilities & destinations. This study tries to identify tourist attraction elements of Gondor town and its surrounding area & to identify non spatial data’s essential for touristic activities to develop & propose a web based GIS portal for the improvement of tourism activity in the town. The main target of developing a web based GIS interactive map is to promote and improve tourism industry of the area. It has been produced using free and open source software’s for fast processing, displaying, sharing, and distribution of tourism information using world wide web. For the web services PHP, HTML script language and QGIS2leaflet plugins are used in the development of web GIS portal.

Chameleon聚类算法在Web开源情报主题挖掘中的应用研究

信息时代的开源情报传播速度快、体量大、时效性强,大量数据难以用人工进行分析,为了解决对海量数据分析的效率,研究设计了Web开源情报信息处理方法。该方法首先利用网络爬虫通过URL爬取目标情报,之后用DOM树对网页内容进行整理,采用TextRank算法提取关键词并使用Chameleon聚类算法构建主题挖掘模型,该模型用于情报主题生成,自动进行情报主题分析。性能测试表明,基于Chameleon聚类算法的Web开源情报信息处理方法能够对开源情报进行有效分析。

Building a Web-based EFL Course with Open Source CMS in Vocational Colleges

Aiming to solve the existing problems with the Quality Course,an EFL online course is developed with an Open Source Course Management System(CMS).The principles and strategies of designing and constructing the course are discussed.The process of developing vocational college students'professional and social competence in the web-based environment is ex plored.Research results show the students are satisfied with the web-based EFL course and the teaching.

基于OGC WPS的Web环境遥感图像处理技术研究

针对网络环境下遥感图像信息高效共享和互操作问题,结合工作流及其建模语言和开放地理信息系统协会网络处理服务(OGC WPS)规范,提出了一种遥感图像分布式处理的系统架构.在该架构中所有的图像获取和处理功能都包装成满足OGC标准的Web服务,复杂的处理过程则通过链接简单功能服务来实现.为验证该架构,构建了一个基于网络的遥感水体信息提取原型系统.实验结果表明,该原型系统可以在分布式条件下进行遥感数据获取和水体信息提取.系统具有服务链组织和执行能力,独立于语言、平台和满足OGC规范等优点.

基于WEB的实验室开放预约管理系统的设计和实践

实验室开放已成为信息化时代高校实验教学改革的重要内容.采用B/S体系架构,设计并实现基于WEB和SQL网络数据库技术的实验室开放预约管理系统,将实验室的开放管理水平和服务水平推上了一个新的台阶.

Openlayers在宁夏区域自动气象站显示系统中的应用与研究

针对宁夏区内区域自动站管理系统建设不足的问题,研究了基于Openlayers和开源Web GIS框架技术构建宁夏区域自动气象站Web显示系统,并综合运用PHP,My SQL,JSON等技术,实现基于Openlayers的开源Web GIS客户端开发方案.实验结果表明,该方案能够满足宁夏气象业务系统建设的需求.

基于Web的实验室开放管理系统的设计与实现

针对目前高校实验室开放管理信息化程度不高的缺点,设计并实现了一个基于Web的实验室开放管理系统。该系统采用MySQL+PHP进行开发,实现了实验课排课、实验室设备使用状态查询和预约等功能,并通过对被排课或预约的时段等信息的灵活处理和直观显示为用户操作提供便利。该系统已在中南民族大学部分学院推广使用,取得了较好的效果。

Web上基于Java的工控组态系统结构设计

针对分布式控制系统的开放式要求，通过对组态系统功能要求及其实现的根本问题的分析，结合Ｗｅｂ 的功能及应用，提出了一种新的开放式工控组态系统体系结构，并重点就现有这种结构的主要技术———Ｊａｖａ作了分析设计。

基于Web分层结构的通用框架实现及应用

随着构建系统的复杂性日益增强,基于原有的基础层次结构的构建方式将逐渐不能满足扩展的需求变化,因此,在原有的层次结构中进行一步抽象,建立一种新的层次结构;它是在J2EE框架下采用3款轻量级开源件Struts、Spring和ibatis进行构建,并把相应的开源件以及Web服务标准的相关技术和Ajax技术融合到各层中去,然后包装成一种基于Web的通用框架,同时结合一个高校评估系统(HSVS)来使用该框架。这样,就可以实现数据与业务逻辑无缝访问,业务逻辑与表现逻辑高松散低耦合分离,以及降低开发人员的繁琐编码,增强软件的可扩展性和增长生命周期。

Web-GIS的设计与实现

地理信息系统要想有更大的发展，必须走开放式的道路．Ｗｅｂ－ＧＩＳ软件由于采用了当前主流的通信、应用协议和体系结构，大大增强了ＧＩＳ软件的开放性．该文主要从Ｗｅｂ－ＧＩＳ的特点、设计和实现的角度阐述了在开发Ｗｅｂ－ＧＩＳ中应考虑的各个要素，详细分析了Ｗｅｂ－ＧＩＳ的体系结构及其各种实现技术，并且提出了对今后发展的一些看法．

基于Web的现代远程网络教学平台的研究与实现

分析总结出网上教学平台应该具备的核心功能，并重点介绍基于Web的现代远程网上教学平台的建设与研究。

基于Web服务的开放式ERP系统设计与开发

针对企业中不同平台的异构资源集成问题,给出了一个基于Web服务的ERP系统设计和开发实例,论述了系统设计和开发过程,说明了其SOAP协议的实现过程。系统主要采用Web服务技术解决移动计算在制造企业的应用时引起的异构平台间系统集成问题。系统对企业中的Legacy系统实现很好的集成,使制造企业中的ERP系统具有适用于多平台的开放式结构。

基于WEB的实验室开放网络管理系统设计

开放实验室的管理和开放实验的实施是一项错综复杂的系统工程。介绍了一个基于WEB和后台数据库的实验室开放网络管理系统的设计与实施方法,能够全面管理实验室的基本信息,针对实验室不同的时间段,以个人或班级的形式实现预约;能够跟踪实验预约后的具体实施情况,实现网上提交实验报告、管理实验成绩等。构建网络化管理平台,使实验室开放的实施变得简单、易行。

面向军事领域的Web开源情报主题挖掘研究

针对军事领域海量Web开源情报的有效分析和利用问题,提出了一种基于主题聚类的开源情报挖掘方法。基于网络爬虫从Web上自动搜集军事开源情报数据,通过解析Web网页内容提取重要情报要素,采用层次聚类算法自动生成情报主题。最后,通过实际Web数据对军事开源情报主题生成效果进行评估。实验结果表明该方法在情报主题聚类熵值、纯度和算法运行时间上均具有良好的表现。