Open loop control of vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder

In this paper both numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out to suppress the vortex-induced vibration （VIV） of a circular cylinder in an electrically low-conducting fluid. The electromagnetic forces （Lorentz forces） in the azimuthal direction were generated through the mounted electrodes and magnets locally on the surface of the cylinder, which have been proved having an accelerating effect to the fluid on the surface of the cylinder. Results of computations are presented for synchronous vibration phenomenon of a cylinder at Re = 200, which are in good agreement with previous computational results. With the Lorentz forces loaded, the VIV of the cylinder has been suppressed successfully. Experimental results have also shown the same tendency and are in reasonable agreement with the numerical results.

Dispersion compensation in an open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system

The optical chaotic communication system using open-loop fiber transmission is studied under strong injection conditions. The optical chaotic communication system with open-loop configuration is studied using fiber transmission under strong injection conditions. The performances of fiber links composed of two types of fiber segments in different dispersion compensation maps are compared by testing the quality of the recovered message with different bit rates and encrypted by chaotic modulation （CM） or chaotic shift keying （CSK）. The result indicates that the performance of the pre-compensation map is always worst. Two types of symmetrical maps are identical whatever the encryption method and bit-rate of message are. For the transmitting and the recovering of message of lower bit rate （1 Gb/s）, the post-compensation map is the best scheme. However, for the message of higher bit rate （2.5 Gb/s）, the parameters in communication system need to be modified properly in order to adapt to the high-speed application. Meanwhile, two types of symmetrical maps are the best scheme. In addition, the CM method is superior to the CSK method for high-speed applications. It is in accordance with the result in a back-to-back configuration system.

Instability of cylinder wake under open-loop active control

Instability of a wake controlled by a streamwise Lorentz force is investigated through a Floquet stability analysis. The streamwise Lorentz force, which is a two-dimensional control input created by an electromagnetic actuator located on the cylinder surface,adjusts the base flow to affect the three-dimensional wake instability and achieve wake stabilization and transition delay. The instability mode at a Reynolds number Re = 300 can be transformed from B to A with N = 1.0, where N is an interaction number representing the strength of the Lorentz force relative to the inertial force in the fluid. The wake flow is Floquet stable when N increases to 1.3. The spanwise perturbation wavelengths are 3.926 D and 0.822 D in the modes A and B, respectively, where D is the cylinder diameter. In addition, the oscillating amplitudes of drag and lift are reduced with the increase in the interaction number. Particle tracing is used to explore the essential physical mechanism for mode transformation. The path lines show that suppression of flow separation hinders the fluid deformation and rotation, leading to the decrease in elliptic and hyperbolic instability regions, which is the material cause of mode transformation.All of the results indicate that wake stabilization and transition delay can be achieved under open-loop active control via the streamwise Lorentz force.

Open-plus-closed-loop control for chaotic motion of 3D rigid pendulum

An open-plus-closed-loop （OPCL） control problem for the chaotic motion of a 3D rigid pendulum subjected to a constant gravitationM force is studied. The 3D rigid pendulum is assumed to be consist of a rigid body supported by a fixed and frictionless pivot with three rotational degrees. In order to avoid the singular phenomenon of Euler＇s angular velocity equation, the quaternion kinematic equation is used to describe the motion of the 3D rigid pendulum. An OPCL controller for chaotic motion of a 3D rigid pendulum at equilibrium position is designed. This OPCL controller contains two parts： the open-loop part to construct an ideal trajectory and the closed-loop part to stabilize the 3D rigid pendulum. Simulation results show that the controller is effective and efficient.

障碍物阻塞率对氢-空气爆燃的影响

为深入了解氢气在不同阻塞率条件下的爆燃特性,以提升氢能使用的安全性,并为氢能在船舶和生活领域安全应用以及抗爆减灾设计提供科学依据。研究利用Open FOAM软件结合大涡模拟(LES)模型,对半开敞管道内氢气在不同阻塞率条件下的爆燃火焰动力学特性进行了深入分析。研究发现障碍物的阻塞率显著影响氢气爆燃的火焰传播速度和爆燃压力;火焰结构的演化过程可划分为球形、指形、射流和漩涡4个阶段;在面积阻塞率为0.7时,火焰传播速度达到极大值177.5 m/s,相较于阻塞率为0.5和0.3时分别快1.31倍和1.82倍;相同阻塞率下,不同厚度的障碍物对火焰速度的影响不大;爆燃压力在阻塞率为0.7时达到峰值74.7 kPa,较阻塞率为0.5和0.3时分别高出1.32倍和1.7倍,同时火焰结构和行为受到未燃气体流场的显著影响,为氢能设备的安全设计和布置提供重要的理论基础,并对氢气爆炸的抗爆减灾设计具有重要的理论支撑作用。通过这项研究,可更有效地预防和减轻氢气爆燃带来的风险,确保氢能在船舶和生活领域的安全应用。

Low-Cost 4-20 mA Loop Calibrator

Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrator for the famous 4-20 mA electrical signaling scheme. The loop calibrator generates a linear current signal from 4 to 20 mA over a 250 ? typical process instrument load for calibration. The realization of the loop calibrator relies on a voltage-to-current converter to build a constant current source. The voltage controlled constant current source is built from discrete components and an op-amp to keep the cost low. Results from simulations and the prototype demonstrate the performance of the 4-20 mA loop calibrator which utilizes a greatly reduced number of components. The cost of these components is approximately 34% of the least expensive calibrator sampled, though other production costs are not included. This conclusion reinforces the fact that loop calibrators can be cheaper.

Experiments on an Open-Loop Cycle Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration System

An open loop cycle carbon dioxide(CO2)refrigeration system is established,and the cooling performances of high-pressure CO2 under different storage conditions(25℃,30℃,and 35℃)are investigated.Moreover,the experimental mass flow rates of CO2 are compared with the theoretical values at different conditions and refrigeration capacities.The results indicate that the storage condition of CO2 has a significant impact on the refrigeration performance,and the mass flow rate of CO2 increases with the increasing storage temperature in a given refrigeration capacity.

Open-loop frequency response for a chaotic masking system

In this paper, a new numerical simulation approach is proposed for the study of open-loop frequency response of a chaotic masking system. Using Chua＇s circuit and the Lorenz system as illustrative examples, we have shown that one can employ chaos synchronization to separate the feedback network from a chaotic masking system, and then use numerical simulation to obtain the open-loop synchronization response, the phase response, and the amplitude response of a chaotic masking system. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, we have also proved that changing the amplitude of the exciting （input） signal within normal working domain does not influence the frequency response of the chaotic masking system. The new numerical simulation method developed in this paper can be extended to consider the open-loop frequency response of other systems described by differential or difference equations.

Analytical solution for a class of linear quadratic open-loop Nash game with multiple players

In this paper, the Nash equilibria for differential games with multiple players is studied. A method for solving the Riccati-type matrix differential equations for open-loop Nash strategy in linear quadratic game with multiple players is presented and analytical solution is given for a type of differential games in which the system matrixcan be diagonalizable. As the special cases, the Nash equilibria for some type of differential games with particular structure is studied also, and some results in previous literatures are extended. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the solution procedure.

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW DECODING METHOD USED IN OPEN-LOOP ALL-OPTICAL CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A new decoding method with decoder is used in open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system under strong injection condition.The performance of the new decoding method is numerically investigated by comparing it with the common decoding method without decoder.For new decoding method,two cases are analyzed,including whether or not the output of the decoder is adjusted by its input to receiver.The results indicate the decoding quality can be improved by adjusting for the new decoding method.Meanwhile,the injection strength of decoder can be restricted in a certain range.The adjusted new decoding method with decoder can achieve better decoding quality than decoding method without decoder when the bit rate of message is under 5 Gb/s.However,a stronger injection for receiver is needed.Moreover,the new decoding method can broaden the range of injection strength acceptable for good decoding quality.Different message encryption techniques are tested,and the result is similar to that of the common decoding method,indicative of the fact that the message encoded by using Chaotic Modulation(CM) can be best recovered by the new decoding method owning to the essence of this encryption technique.

Control-Relevant Identification Test Design for Open-Loop Experiment

An optimal experiment design (DED) with respect to the use of designing model-base controller was studied. The mean squared error at the setpoint is chosen as the performance criterion. Simple design formulas are derived based on the asymptotic theory. The signal is used for the open loop experiment. The design constraint is the power of the process signal or the process input signal. The results give guideline for identification application.

Variable Stars in the 50BiN Open Cluster Survey.Ⅲ.NGC 884

Open clusters are the basic building blocks that serve as a laboratory for the study of young stellar populations in the Milky Way.Variable stars in open clusters provide a unique way to accurately probe the internal structure,temporal and dynamical evolutionary stages of individual stars and the host cluster.The most powerful tool for such studies is time-domain photometric observations.This paper follows the route of our previous work,concentrating on a photometric search for variable stars in NGC 884.The target cluster is the companion of NGC869,forming the well-known double cluster system that is gravitationally bound.From the observation run in 2016 November,a total of 9247 B-band CCD images and 8218Ⅴ-band CCD images were obtained.We detected a total of 15 stars with variability in visual brightness,including five Be stars,three eclipsing binaries,and seven of unknown types.Two new variable stars were discovered in this work.We also compared the variable star content of NGC 884 with its companion NGC 869.

具有丢包补偿的GORC-PID算法无线温度控制系统

对于工业过程控制中有线控制存在的布线困难、可拓展性差、维护成本高等问题,本文设计并开发了具有丢包补偿GORC-PID(generalized open-loop response control-PID)算法的无线温度控制系统。以工业上通用的WirelessHART为标准协议,使用无线硬件设备搭建无线通信网络,替代有线通信方式,并以监视与控制通用系统(monitor and control generated system, MCGS)组态软件为控制平台,采用改进的广义开环响应控制(generalized open-loop response control, GORC)与PID控制相结合的控制算法,通过构建的具有丢包补偿的Smith预估器对丢包数据进行估计,得出补偿的估计值,并参与GORC滚动优化中,来实现对温度的实时监测与控制。以高温炉作为研究对象进行实验,结果表明所设计的无线温度控制系统不仅可以有效解决有线过程控制中存在的问题,而且可以解决无线通信过程中的丢包、迟滞等问题,具有良好的工业价值。

Electrical crosstalk-coupling measurement and analysis for digital closed loop fibre optic gyro

The phase modulation and the closed-loop controller can generate electrical crosstalk-coupling in digital closed- loop fibre optic gyro. Four electrical cross-coupling paths are verified by the open-loop testing approach. It is found the variation of ramp amplitude will lead to the alternation of gyro bias. The amplitude and the phase parameters of the electrical crosstalk signal are measured by lock-in amplifier, and the variation of gyro bias is confirmed to be caused by the alternation of phase according to the amplitude of the ramp. A digital closed-loop fibre optic gyro electrical crosstalk-coupling model is built by approximating the electrical cross-coupling paths as a proportion and integration segment. The results of simulation and experiment show that the modulation signal electrical crosstalk-coupling can cause the dead zone of the gyro when a small angular velocity is inputted, and it could also lead to a periodic vibration of the bias error of the gyro when a large angular velocity is inputted.

Process for improving the ladle free- opening rate for high aluminum steel in continuous casting

Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.

Open Loop Saddle Point on Linear Quadratic Stochastic Differential Games

In this paper, we deal with one kind of two-player zero-sum linear quadratic stochastic differential game problem. We give the existence of an open loop saddle point if and only if the lower and upper values exist.

New open cluster candidates discovered in the XSTPS-GAC survey

The Xuyi Schmidt Telescope Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anti-center（XSTPS-GAC）is a photometric sky survey that covers nearly 6000 deg^2 towards the Galactic Anti-center（GAC） in the g,r,i bands. Half of its survey field is located on the Galactic Anti-center disk,which makes XSTPSGAC highly suitable to search for new open clusters in the GAC region. In this paper,we report new open cluster candidates discovered in this survey,as well as properties of these open cluster candidates,such as age,distance and reddening,derived by isochrone fitting in the color-magnitude diagram（CMD）.These open cluster candidates are stellar density peaks detected in the star density maps by applying the method from Koposov et al. Each candidate is inspected in terms of its true color image composed from three XSTPS-GAC band images. Then its CMD is checked,in order to identify whether the central region stars have a clear isochrone-like trend differing from background stars. The parameters derived from isochrone fitting for these candidates are mainly based on three band photometry of XSTPS-GAC.Moreover,when these new candidates are able to be seen clearly in 2 MASS data,their parameters are also derived based on the 2 MASS（J-H,J） CMD. There are a total of 320 known open clusters rediscovered and 24 new open cluster candidates discovered in this work. Furthermore,the parameters of these new candidates,as well as another 11 previously known open clusters,are properly determined for the first time.

A Study on Modifying the Calculation Model of Valid Opening Size of Heat-bonded Nonwoven Fabrics

It has been found that there are marked errors in the value of valid opening size of heat-bonded nonwoven fabrics between theoretical calculations and engineering measurements. A new modified theoretical model is advanced in this paper. The equivalent diameter of the pore of a fibre web is used to calculate the valid opening size instead of the maximum diameter of inscribed circle used, because the fibres in practical fibre webs are flexible elastomers with definite diameters and the pore of fibre web may produce deformation in screening teat and engineering usage. The results show that the theoretical calculations coincide well with the engineering measurements. This method offers a theoretical basis for computer simulation to the performance of filters of heatbonded nonwoven fabrics.

An application of the KNND method for detecting nearby open clusters based on Gaia-DR1

This paper presents a preliminary test of the k-th nearest neighbor distance （KNND） method for detecting nearby open clusters based on Gaia-DR1. We select 38 386 nearby stars （〈 100 pc） from the Gaia-DR1 catalog, and then use the KNND method to detect overdense regions in three-dimensional space. We find two overdense regions （the Hyades and Coma Berenices （Coma Ber） open clusters）, and obtain 57 reliable cluster members. Based on these cluster members, the distances to the Hyades and Coma Ber clusters are determined to be 46.0±0.2 and 83.5±0.3 pc, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the KNND method can be used to detect open clusters based on a large volume of astrometry data.