Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the adult population worldwide, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most commonly reported type of glaucoma in ...Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the adult population worldwide, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most commonly reported type of glaucoma in population based prevalence studies worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well-known major risk factor for POAG. In addition, there is growing evidence that other risk factors like age, gender, race, refractive error, heredity and systemic factors may play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Many studies found that high myopia has been associated with POAG, however, direct and convincing evidences are still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidences implicating high myopia as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of POAG.展开更多
Framed structures are usually infilled with masonry walls. They may cause a significant increase in both stiffness and strength, reducing the deformation demand and increasing the energy dissipation capacity of the sy...Framed structures are usually infilled with masonry walls. They may cause a significant increase in both stiffness and strength, reducing the deformation demand and increasing the energy dissipation capacity of the system. On the other hand, irregular arrangements of the masonry panels may lead to the concentration of damage in some regions, with negative effects; for example soft story mechanisms and shear failures in short columns. Therefore, the presence ofinfill walls should not be neglected, especially in regions of moderate and high seismicity. To this aim, simple models are available for solid infills walls, such as the diagonal no-tension strut model, while infilled frames with openings have not been adequately investigated. In this study, the effect of openings on the strength and stiffness of infilled frames is investigated by means of about 150 experimental and numerical tests. The main parameters involved are identified and a simple model to take into account the openings in the infills is developed and compared with other models proposed by different researchers. The model, which is based on the use of strength and stiffness reduction factors, takes into account the opening dimensions and presence of reinforcing elements around the opening. An example of an application of the proposed reduction factors is also presented.展开更多
AIM：To examine the association of genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 with the development of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）among people in Central Russ...AIM：To examine the association of genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 with the development of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）among people in Central Russia.METHODS：The study sample included 443 individuals,of which 252 patients with POAG and 191 individuals in the control group.Genotyping of（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 was performed using polymerase chain reaction.The distribution of alleles and genotypes of the studied DNA markers in the groups was examined by 2×2 contingency tables andχ2with the Yates’s correction for continuity and odds ratios（OR）with95%confidence intervals（CI）.RESULTS：Allele（-308）G TNFα（Р=0.01,OR=1.78,95%CI1.12-2.85）was identified as a risk factor for POAG.Homozygotes（-308）AA TNFαare at a lowest risk for development of the disease（Р=0.01,OR=0.0005）.The following combination of genetic variants of cytokines were associated with a reduced risk of POAG：（＋1663）A TNFR2 and（＋250）G Ltα（OR=0.34）CONCLUSION：Genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 associated with the development of POAG in the population of Central Russia.展开更多
社交媒体的快速发展深刻影响和变革了科学交流模式,开放科学这一新的科研范式的兴起为研究睡美人论文的特征及影响力提供了新的视角和途径,对其进行基于多源异构数据的量化识别和影响因素分析能够充分挖掘其潜在科研价值。本文以经济学...社交媒体的快速发展深刻影响和变革了科学交流模式,开放科学这一新的科研范式的兴起为研究睡美人论文的特征及影响力提供了新的视角和途径,对其进行基于多源异构数据的量化识别和影响因素分析能够充分挖掘其潜在科研价值。本文以经济学和计算机科学分别作为社会科学和自然科学领域的代表性学科,利用从Web of Science及Altmetrics.com获取的海量引文数据、题录数据和替代计量数据,识别两个学科在1996—2014年发表的睡美人论文,从睡眠特征、唤醒机制和期刊特征3个方面进行描述性分析,并对睡美人论文影响因素进行剖析和比较。实证结果表明:(1)将反映学术关注度的论文被引频次与反映社会关注度的Altmetrics数据相结合作为睡美人论文识别的原始数据是有必要且有意义的;(2)自然科学领域更容易出现睡眠特征明显的睡美人论文;两类领域研究都注重论文在理论方面突出的创新性和价值,同时,自然科学领域更加注重对前人算法或技术等方面的应用和完善;社会科学领域发表在高水平期刊上的论文也可能面临沉睡多年后才被唤醒的情况,而自然科学领域睡美人论文多出现在低水平期刊上;(3)对于国外睡美人论文,期刊影响力、新闻提及、社交平台阅读量对社会科学领域睡美人论文的唤醒具有显著影响,基金资助对自然科学领域睡美人论文的唤醒具有显著影响,政策文本提及在两个领域均起到关键作用;(4)相对于国外资源库建设成果,中国应该继续发展适应本土的替代计量数据集成平台。展开更多
文摘Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the adult population worldwide, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most commonly reported type of glaucoma in population based prevalence studies worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well-known major risk factor for POAG. In addition, there is growing evidence that other risk factors like age, gender, race, refractive error, heredity and systemic factors may play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Many studies found that high myopia has been associated with POAG, however, direct and convincing evidences are still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidences implicating high myopia as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of POAG.
基金The financial support of the Ministry of the Instruction, University and Research of Italy (MIUR)
文摘Framed structures are usually infilled with masonry walls. They may cause a significant increase in both stiffness and strength, reducing the deformation demand and increasing the energy dissipation capacity of the system. On the other hand, irregular arrangements of the masonry panels may lead to the concentration of damage in some regions, with negative effects; for example soft story mechanisms and shear failures in short columns. Therefore, the presence ofinfill walls should not be neglected, especially in regions of moderate and high seismicity. To this aim, simple models are available for solid infills walls, such as the diagonal no-tension strut model, while infilled frames with openings have not been adequately investigated. In this study, the effect of openings on the strength and stiffness of infilled frames is investigated by means of about 150 experimental and numerical tests. The main parameters involved are identified and a simple model to take into account the openings in the infills is developed and compared with other models proposed by different researchers. The model, which is based on the use of strength and stiffness reduction factors, takes into account the opening dimensions and presence of reinforcing elements around the opening. An example of an application of the proposed reduction factors is also presented.
文摘AIM：To examine the association of genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 with the development of primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）among people in Central Russia.METHODS：The study sample included 443 individuals,of which 252 patients with POAG and 191 individuals in the control group.Genotyping of（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋36）A/G TNFR1,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 was performed using polymerase chain reaction.The distribution of alleles and genotypes of the studied DNA markers in the groups was examined by 2×2 contingency tables andχ2with the Yates’s correction for continuity and odds ratios（OR）with95%confidence intervals（CI）.RESULTS：Allele（-308）G TNFα（Р=0.01,OR=1.78,95%CI1.12-2.85）was identified as a risk factor for POAG.Homozygotes（-308）AA TNFαare at a lowest risk for development of the disease（Р=0.01,OR=0.0005）.The following combination of genetic variants of cytokines were associated with a reduced risk of POAG：（＋1663）A TNFR2 and（＋250）G Ltα（OR=0.34）CONCLUSION：Genetic polymorphisms（-308）G/A TNFα,（＋250）A/G Ltα,（＋1663）A/G TNFR2 associated with the development of POAG in the population of Central Russia.
文摘社交媒体的快速发展深刻影响和变革了科学交流模式,开放科学这一新的科研范式的兴起为研究睡美人论文的特征及影响力提供了新的视角和途径,对其进行基于多源异构数据的量化识别和影响因素分析能够充分挖掘其潜在科研价值。本文以经济学和计算机科学分别作为社会科学和自然科学领域的代表性学科,利用从Web of Science及Altmetrics.com获取的海量引文数据、题录数据和替代计量数据,识别两个学科在1996—2014年发表的睡美人论文,从睡眠特征、唤醒机制和期刊特征3个方面进行描述性分析,并对睡美人论文影响因素进行剖析和比较。实证结果表明:(1)将反映学术关注度的论文被引频次与反映社会关注度的Altmetrics数据相结合作为睡美人论文识别的原始数据是有必要且有意义的;(2)自然科学领域更容易出现睡眠特征明显的睡美人论文;两类领域研究都注重论文在理论方面突出的创新性和价值,同时,自然科学领域更加注重对前人算法或技术等方面的应用和完善;社会科学领域发表在高水平期刊上的论文也可能面临沉睡多年后才被唤醒的情况,而自然科学领域睡美人论文多出现在低水平期刊上;(3)对于国外睡美人论文,期刊影响力、新闻提及、社交平台阅读量对社会科学领域睡美人论文的唤醒具有显著影响,基金资助对自然科学领域睡美人论文的唤醒具有显著影响,政策文本提及在两个领域均起到关键作用;(4)相对于国外资源库建设成果,中国应该继续发展适应本土的替代计量数据集成平台。
