Turbulence statistics of natural airflow within a large Open Top Chamber

The turbulence statistics parameters （variables） of natural airflow within a large Open Top Chamber （OTC）, 4 m in high height and 3 m in diameter, were measured with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer/thermometer at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems Jilin Province, China in May 2004, for improving the field application of OTP. Results showed that because of the physical limitation, turbulence within OTC exhibited unique map compared with that of natural environments. There were clear daily pat- terns for most parameters. Turbulence here seemed to be isotropic and closely linked at all directions. Shape of eddies looked like a ＇cylinder＇ which was very similar to the shape of OTC. Continuous airflow was always interpreted by large scale eddies from top of OTC and showed high interactive intermittence at all directions.

Impact of open hepatectomy on postoperative bile leakage in patients with biliary tract cancer

BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023.Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging.The incidence,severity,timing,location,and treatment of the bile leaks were recorded.The risk factors for bile leakage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The incidence of bile leak was 16.7%(20/120),and most cases were grade A(75%,15/20)according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery classification.The median time of onset was 5 d(range,1-14 d),and the median duration was 7 d(range,2-28 d).The most common location of bile leakage was the cut surface of the liver(70%,14/20),followed by the anastomosis site(25%,5/20)and the cystic duct stump(5%,1/20).Most bile leaks were treated conservatively with drainage,antibiotics,and nutritional support(85%,17/20),whereas some required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting(10%,2/20)or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage(5%,1/20).Risk factors for bile leakage include male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion.CONCLUSION Bile leakage is a frequent complication of open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer.However,most cases are mild and can be conservatively managed.Male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of bile leak.

开放科学背景下学术期刊TOP因子与引文指标相关性研究

开放科学环境下,学术期刊的TOP因子能否作为评价期刊的补充指标需要提供一定的理论依据。文章采用描述性统计方法和相关性分析方法,对开放科学中心接受评估的1797本期刊的TOP因子的均值与分布情况,以及与这些期刊的影响因子和被引频次相关性情况进行统计分析。结果发现绝大多数期刊只实施了单一的1级TOP标准,期刊影响因子和总被引频次均与TOP因子总分及TOP因子的数据引用、材料透明度、分析代码透明度和设计分析报告指南等维度呈显著的正相关关系。所以TOP因子可以成为评价期刊的一个补充指标。各学科期刊的开放科学进程不一,国内的科技期刊也应参照TOP因子中的各维度来设置开放科学的要求。

Impacts of ozone on the biomass and yield of rice in open top chambers

The impacts of different 03 concentration on the biomass and yield of rice were studied by using OTC-1 open-top chambers. Experimental treatments included the activated charcoal-filtered air. (CFA), 50 nl/L (CF50), 100 nl/L ( CF100) and 200 nl/L (CF200) concentrations of O-3. The O-3 treatments significantly decreased the total biomass per plant. The. elevated O-3 exposure resulted in a more decrease in the root growth than in the shoot growth. Assessments of yield characteristics at the final harvest revealed an O-3-induced decrease in the number of grains per plant, resulting from fewer ears per plant, fewer grains per ear and more unfilled grains per ear. The 1000 grain dry weight and the harvest index (HI) were not changed significantly under 50 nl/L or 100 nl/L O-3 exposure, but reduced by 17.0% and 4.8% by 200nl/L O-3 treatment, respectively. Compared to the CFA treatment, CF50, CF100 and CF200 treatments caused a 8.2%, 26.1%, 49.1% decrease of the grain yield per plant, and a 14.2%, 31.7%, 51.7% decrease of the total biomass per plant, respectively. Linear regression showed that the 7h - daily mean O-3 concentration exposure for 3 months ( July-September) and AOT40 ( cunulative exposure accumulation over threshold 40 nl/L) were well correlated with the relative grain yield. A yield loss of 10% was estimated to be at 46.9 nl/L O-3 for 7h-daily mean O-3 concentration exposure or at 12930nl/(L(.)h) O-3 for AOT40.

Effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy

AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups:a ropivacaine group(wound infiltration with ropivacaine solution)and a control group(infiltration with isotonic saline solution).A visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and on movement was used to measure postoperative pain for the first 48 h after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),time to bowel recovery,length of hospitalization after surgery,cumulative sufentanil consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Surgical stress hormones(epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the results were compared. RESULTS VAS scores both at rest and on movement at 24 h and48 h were similar between the two groups.Significantly lower VAS scores were detected at 0,6,and 12 h in the ropivacaine group compared with the control group(P<0.05 for all).MAP was significantly lower at 6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);HR was significantly lower at 0,6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);time to bowel recovery and length of hospitalization after surgery(P<0.05 for both)were significantly shortened;and cumulative sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 6,12,24,and 36 h(P<0.05 for all)in the ropivacaine group than in the control group,although the incidence of nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference between the two groups.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group than in the control group at 24 and 48 h(P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine after open hepatectomy can improve postoperative pain relief,reduce surgical stress response,and accelerate postoperative recovery.

Postoperative outcomes after open splenectomy versus laparoscopic splenectomy in cirrhotic patients:a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND： Laparoscopic splenectomy is considered the gold standard for resecting normal-to-moderately bigger spleens in benign conditions, and in addition could be tried for patients with malignant splenic disorders. However, the safety of laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hyper- splenism is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy for pa- tients with hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis by com- paring with the open splenectomy.

Evaluation of the effect of geometrical parameters on stope probability of failure in the open stoping method using numerical modeling

Stress-induced failure is among the most common causes of instability in Canadian deep underground mines.Open stoping is the most widely practiced underground excavation method in these mines,and creates large stopes which are subjected to stress-induced failure.The probability of failure(POF)depends on many factors,of which the geometry of an open stope is especially important.In this study,a methodology is proposed to assess the effect of stope geometrical parameters on the POF,using numerical modelling.Different ranges for each input parameter are defined according to previous surveys on open stope geometry in a number of Canadian underground mines.A Monte-Carlo simulation technique is combined with the finite difference code FLAC3D,to generate model realizations containing stopes with different geometrical features.The probability of failure(POF)for different categories of stope geometry,is calculated by considering two modes of failure;relaxation-related gravity driven(tensile)failure and rock mass brittle failure.The individual and interactive effects of stope geometrical parameters on the POF,are analyzed using a general multi-level factorial design.Finally,mathematical optimization techniques are employed to estimate the most stable stope conditions,by determining the optimal ranges for each stope’s geometrical parameter.

EUS diagnosis of ectopic opening of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb: A case report

Among the various congenital anomalies of the biliary system,an ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) in the duodenal bulb is extremely rare. ERCP is essential for diagnosing the anomaly. A 55-year-old male was admitted to hospital for severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain,followed by fever, chills, elevated body temperature and mild icterus. The diagnosis of ectopic opening of CBD in the duodenal bulb was established on endoscopic ultraso-nography (EUS),which clearly demonstrated dilated CBD, with multiple stones and air in the lumen, draining into the bulb. A normal pancreatic duct, which did not drain into the bulb, was also observed. This finding was confirmed on ERCP and surgery.As far as we know, this is the first case of this anomaly diagnosed by EUS. Ectopic opening of the CBD in the duodenal bulb is not an incidental finding, but a pathologic condition which can be associated with clinical entities such as recurrent or intractable duodenal ulcer, recurrent biliary pain,choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis. Endoscopic ultrasonography features allow preoperative diagnosis of this anomaly and can replace ERCP as a first diagnostic tool in such clinical circumstances. Embryology of the anomalies of the extrahepatic biliary tree has been also reviewed.

Comparison of clinical efficacy and postoperative inflammatory response between laparoscopic and open radical resection of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND In recent years,the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC)has increased annually,which has seriously threatened the health and quality of life of patients.In the treatment of CRC,both laparoscopic and radical resection are widely used.AIM To explore and discuss clinical efficacy and postoperative inflammatory response of laparoscopic and open radical resection of CRC.METHODS A total of 96 patients with CRC diagnosed in our hospital from March 2016 to April 2021 were selected,and were divided into the study group(n=48)and control group(n=48)using a simple random method.The control group was treated with open radical resection of CRC,and the study group was treated with laparoscopic radical resection of CRC.The perioperative conditions(operation time,intraoperative blood loss,the recovery time of gastrointestinal function,number of lymph node dissections and length of hospital stay),inflammatory response index levels[interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,C-reactive protein(CRP)]before and after operation,pain stress response indices[levels of neuropeptide(NPY),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)],and the incidence of the complications between the two groups were counted.RESULTS The operation time in the study group was(186.18±33.54 min),which was longer than that of the control group(129.38±26.83 min),but the intraoperative blood loss(111.34±21.45 mL),recovery time of gastrointestinal function(25.35±4.55 h),and hospital stay(10.09±2.38 d)were better than those in the control group(163.77±32.41 mL,36.06±7.13 h,13.51±3.66 d)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissections between the study group(15.19±3.04)and the control group(16.20±2.98)(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the levels of serum IL-6(9.79±4.11 ng/mL),IL-8(3.79±1.71 ng/L),IL-10(48.96±12.51 ng/L)and CRP(7.98±2.33 mg/L)in the study group and the control group(10.56±3.78 ng/mL,4.08±1.45 ng/L,50.13±11.67 ng/L,8.29±2.60 mg/L)before the operation(P>0.05).After the operation,there was no significant difference between the levels of serum IL-6(19.11±6.68 ng/mL).There was no significant difference in serum NPY(109.79±13.46 UG/L),PGE2(269.54±37.34 ng/L),5-HT(151.70±18.86 ng/L)between the study group and the control group(113.29±15.01 UG/L,273.91±40.04 ng/L,148.85±20.45 ng/L)before the operation(P>0.05).The incidence of the complications in the study group(4.17%)was lower than that of the control group(18.75%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic radical resection of CRC can reduce surgical trauma,inflammatory response and pain stress caused by surgery,which shortens rehabilitation of patients,with a low incidence of complications.

Evaluation of the use of sublevel open stoping in the mining of moderately dipping medium-thick orebodies

The flow of blasted ore during mining of moderately dipping medium-thick orebodies is a challenge.Selecting a suitable mining system for such ore bodies is difficult.This paper proposes a diamond layout sublevel open stoping system using fan blastholes with backfilling to mine such orebodies.To evaluate the performance of system the relationships between ore recovery and stope footwall dip angle,footwall surface roughness,drawpoint spacing and production blast ring burden were investigated.An ore recovery data set from 81 laboratory physical model experiments was established from combinations of the listed factors.Various modules in a back propagation neural network structure were compared,and an optimal network structure identified.An ore recovery backpropagation neural network(BPNN)forecast model was developed.Using the model and sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting the proposed open stope mining system,the significance of each factor on ore recovery was studied.The study results were applied to a case study at the Shandong Gold Group Jiaojia Gold Mine.The results showed that the application of a BPNN and sensitivity analysis models for ore recovery prediction in the proposed mining system and field experimental results confirm that the suggested mining method is feasible.

Laparoscopic splenectomy for primary immune thrombocytopenia:Current status and challenges

Primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) is an immunemediated disorder affecting both adults and children, characterised by bleeding complications and low platelet counts. Corticosteroids are the first-line therapy for ITP, but only 20%-40% of cases achieve a stable response. Splenectomy is the main therapy for patients failing to respond to corticosteroids for decades, and about two-thirds of patients achieve a long-lasting response. Although some new drugs are developed to treat ITP as second-line therapies in recent years, splenectomy is still the better choice with less cost and more efficiency. Laparoscopic splenectomy(LS) for ITP proves to be a safe technique associated with lower morbidity and faster recovery and similar hematological response when compared to traditional open splenectomy. Based on the unified hematological outcome criteria by current international consensus, the response rate of splenectomy should be reassessed. So far, there are not widely accepted preoperative clinical indicators predicting favorable response to LS. Since the patients undergoing surgery take the risk of complications and poor hematological outcome, the great challenge facing the doctors is to identify a reliable biomarker for predicting longterm outcome of splenectomy which can help make the decision of operation.

The Openness Degree Study of the Jiaoshiba Shale Gas, Sichuan Basin, China–Potential Factor Responsible for Reversed Isotope Series

Objective Reversed alkane δ;C and δ;H values in many prolific shale plays all over the world have aroused much attention in the study of the formation mechanism of reversed isotope series in alkanes in the past few years（Zou Caineng et al., 2016）. Although many researchers have put forward different hypotheses, the mechanism has not been well understood yet. The openness degree of oil and gas system

Ectopic opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb with recurrent choledocholithiasis: A case report

BACKGROUND Ectopic opening of the common bile duct is a condition with low incidence.Patients with an ectopic common bile duct opening have a high incidence of common bile duct stones and acute cholangitis.Patients with atypical symptoms and imaging findings are easily misdiagnosed;moreover,it is difficult to retrieve stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,and common bile duct stones are prone to postsurgical recurrence.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male patient presented with“intermittent upper abdominal pain and elevated liver enzymes for 1 wk”.Transabdominal ultrasound indicated dilation of the common bile duct and the presence of stones.Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the common bile duct was dilated with stones and that its opening was ectopic.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed an abnormal opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb and the presence of common bile duct stones.Laparoscopic extrahepatic choledochectomy and hepatoenteric anastomosis were performed.After surgery,the patient recovered well and was discharged.The patient has been followed up for 2 years since the operation.He has not experienced stone recurrence,and his liver function and quality of life are good.CONCLUSION Improved understanding of ectopic opening of the common bile duct is needed for clinicians to provide patients with appropriate treatment.

Three-dimensional analysis of natural convection in nanofluid-filled parallelogrammic enclosure opened from top and heated with square heater

A numerical study based on the finite volume method has been performed to study the three-dimension natural convection in a parallelogrammic top side opened cavity filled nanofluid with partially heated square at the bottom side.Results are obtained for different governing parameters such as nanoparticle concentration (φ) from 0 to 0.05,inclination angle of the back and front walls (α) from 5° to 75°,Rayleigh number from 10^3 to 10^5,and length of heater changer from 0.1 to 1.The main finding from the obtained result showed that the inclination angle and nanoparticle volume fraction affect the flow structure and enhance the heat transfer.

Bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination(BTFC) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in Greece

AIM：To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03%and timolol 0.5%（BTFC）in patients in Greece with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）or ocular hypertension（OHT）whose previous therapy provided insufficient lowering of intraocular pressure（IOP）.·METHODS：A multicenter,prospective,open-label,non-interventional,observational study of the use of BTFC in clinical practice was conducted at 41 sites in Greece.The primary endpoint was the reduction in IOP from baseline at study end,approximately 12wk after initiation of BTFC therapy.·RESULTS：A total of 785 eligible patients were enrolled in the study and 97.6%completed the study.The mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk after initiation of BTFC was 6.3±2.8 mm Hg（=764;〈0.001）.In patients（=680）who replaced their previous IOP-lowering monotherapy（a single drug,or a fixed combination of 2drugs in a single ophthalmic drop）with once-daily BTFC,the mean±SD IOP reduction from baseline at 12wk was 6.2±2.8 mm Hg（〈0.001）.IOP was reduced from baseline in 99.2%of patients,and 58.0%of patients reached or exceeded their target IOP.Substantial mean IOP reductions were observed regardless of the previous therapy.BTFC was well tolerated,with 96.0%of patients who completed the study rating the tolerability of BTFC as＂good＂or＂very good.＂Adverse events were reported in 8.3%of patients;only 0.6%of patients discontinued the study due to adverse events.·C ONCLUSION：In clinical practice in Greece,BTFC is well tolerated and effectively lower the IOP in patients with POAG or OHT who requires additional IOP lowering on their previous therapy.

“Acute postoperative open abdominal wall”: Nosological concept and treatment implications

The so-called 'burst abdomen' has been described for many years and is a well-known clinical condition, whereas the concept of the 'open abdomen' is relatively new. In clinical practice, both nosological entities are characterized by a complex spectrum of symptoms apparently disconnected, which in many cases poses a great challenge for surgical repair. In order to assess the management of these disorders in a more comprehensive and integral fashion, the concept of 'acute postoperative open abdominal wall'(acute POAW) is presented, which in turn can be divided into 'intentional' or planned acute POAW and 'unintentional' or unplanned POAW. The understanding of the acute POAW as a single clinical process not only allows a better optimization of the ther-apeutic approach in the surgical repair of abdominal wallrelated disorders, but also the stratification and collection of data in different patient subsets, favoring a better knowledge of the wide spectrum of conditions involved in the surgical reconstruction of the abdominal wall.

Evaluation and Customization of Different Open Source Desktop GIS Software

This paper gave a general evaluation on existing three popular free and open source desktop GIS projects,according to the selected evaluation criteria.To further the understanding of the open source software,this paper also presented a customization example of QGIS with python and PyQT.

On <i>M</i>-Asymmetric Semi-Open Sets and Semicontinuous Multifunctions in Bitopological Spaces

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of m-asymmetric semiopen sets and M-asymmetric semicontinuous multifunctions defined between asymmetric sets satisfying certain minimal conditions in the framework of bitopological spaces. Some new characterizations of m-asymmetric semiopen sets and M-asymmetric semicontinuous multifunctions will be investigated and several fundamental properties will be obtained.

TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF A FUZZY FUNCTION SPACE——THE POINTWISE CONVERGENT TOPOLOGY AND COMPACT OPEN TOPOLOGY

In the area of fuzzy topology, researches have been carried out in China and abroad in recent years. But the theory of the fuzzy function space, which is apparently important in fuzzy topology, has not been established yet. The important theories of compactness, separation and uniformities on a fuzzy topological space, related closely to the discussion of topological structure of the fuzzy function space, are so complicated that the research on the subject is rather difficult.

Small Excess and the Topology of Open Manifolds with Ricci Curvature Negatively Lower Bounded

In this paper, we study the relation between the excess of open manifolds and their topology by using the methods of comparison geometry. We prove that a complete open Riemmannian manifold with Ricci curvature negatively lower bounded is of finite topological type provided that the conjugate radius is bounded from below by a positive constant and its Excess is bounded by some function of its conjugate radius, which improves some results in [4].