模拟退火遗传算法在自由曲面数控加工中的实验

在自由曲面的加工中,一直面临着加工时间长的问题,本研究以提高加工效率为目的,通过分析待加工自由曲面的面曲率、残余高度等参数,计算出合理的加工步长和行距,并以此为依据将待加工曲面离散成点云即为刀触点。将刀具路径规划问题转化为求解TSP问题的最优解,为避免遗传算法早熟陷入局部最优解,引入了模拟退火算法进行改进,使用改进后的混合算法进行刀具路径寻优。对优化方法进行了仿真加工、实验加工及测量,结果表明优化方法相比传统方法刀路长度最多减少303.4mm,相对缩短了12.3%,加工效率提升较为明显,并且加工表面也取得了较好的加工效果。

A novel control strategy for reproducing the floor motions of high-rise buildings by earthquake-simulating shake tables

To enable the experimental assessment of the seismic performance of full-scale nonstructural elements with multiple engineering parameters(EDPs),a three-layer testbed named Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table(NEST)has been developed.The testbed consists of three consecutive floors of steel structure.The bottom two floors provide a space to accommodate a full-scale room.To fully explore the flexibility of NEST,we propose a novel control strategy to generate the required shake table input time histories for the testbed to track the target floor motions of the buildings of interest with high accuracy.The control strategy contains two parts:an inverse dynamic compensation via simulation of feedback control systems(IDCS)algorithm and an offline iteration procedure based on a refined nonlinear numerical model of the testbed.The key aspects of the control strategy were introduced in this paper.Experimental tests were conducted to simulate the seismic responses of a full-scale office room on the 21^(st)floor of a 42-story high-rise building.The test results show that the proposed control strategy can reproduce the target floor motions of the building of interest with less than 20%errors within the specified frequency range.

品管圈护理模式联合等速运动训练对肘管综合征手术患者患肢功能及并发症的影响

目的探讨品管圈护理模式联合等速运动训练对肘管综合征(CuTS)手术患者患肢功能及并发症的影响。方法选取聊城市中医医院2017年6月—2023年12月收治的86例CuTS手术患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各43例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施品管圈护理模式联合等速运动训练。对比两组的患肢功能、自理能力及并发症发生情况。结果干预前,两组患肢功能、Barthel指数(BI)评分对比,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组患肢麻木疼痛症状、感觉检查、肌肉萎缩(骨间肌)、握力、抓形手评分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组BI评分为(93.37±3.18)分,高于对照组的(89.20±4.74)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论品管圈护理模式联合等速运动训练能够促进CuTS手术患者患肢功能、生活自理能力的恢复,降低并发症发生率。

Dispersion compensation in an open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system

The optical chaotic communication system using open-loop fiber transmission is studied under strong injection conditions. The optical chaotic communication system with open-loop configuration is studied using fiber transmission under strong injection conditions. The performances of fiber links composed of two types of fiber segments in different dispersion compensation maps are compared by testing the quality of the recovered message with different bit rates and encrypted by chaotic modulation （CM） or chaotic shift keying （CSK）. The result indicates that the performance of the pre-compensation map is always worst. Two types of symmetrical maps are identical whatever the encryption method and bit-rate of message are. For the transmitting and the recovering of message of lower bit rate （1 Gb/s）, the post-compensation map is the best scheme. However, for the message of higher bit rate （2.5 Gb/s）, the parameters in communication system need to be modified properly in order to adapt to the high-speed application. Meanwhile, two types of symmetrical maps are the best scheme. In addition, the CM method is superior to the CSK method for high-speed applications. It is in accordance with the result in a back-to-back configuration system.

ATM Open-Loop Shuffleout网络丢失率新的计算方法

文献 [1]提出了Open LoopShuffleout的ATM交换结构 .它是基于多级自路由、输出排队的Banyan结构 .文献[9]在文献 [1]的基础上构造了多递ATMShuffleout交换结构 .这种Open LoopShuffleout的ATM交换结构的信元丢失率包括三部分 ,其中之一就是网络丢失率πn.文献 [1]计算网络丢失率是在假设任意一级交换单元中每一输出端口的负载相同的前提下进行的 .本文考虑了更一般的情况 ,给出了精确计算网络丢失率的分析模型 ,不仅能够处理随机业务 ,而且还能处理热点业务 .模型分析和仿真的数字结果显示了在热点业务下一些有益的结论 .

Instability of cylinder wake under open-loop active control

Instability of a wake controlled by a streamwise Lorentz force is investigated through a Floquet stability analysis. The streamwise Lorentz force, which is a two-dimensional control input created by an electromagnetic actuator located on the cylinder surface,adjusts the base flow to affect the three-dimensional wake instability and achieve wake stabilization and transition delay. The instability mode at a Reynolds number Re = 300 can be transformed from B to A with N = 1.0, where N is an interaction number representing the strength of the Lorentz force relative to the inertial force in the fluid. The wake flow is Floquet stable when N increases to 1.3. The spanwise perturbation wavelengths are 3.926 D and 0.822 D in the modes A and B, respectively, where D is the cylinder diameter. In addition, the oscillating amplitudes of drag and lift are reduced with the increase in the interaction number. Particle tracing is used to explore the essential physical mechanism for mode transformation. The path lines show that suppression of flow separation hinders the fluid deformation and rotation, leading to the decrease in elliptic and hyperbolic instability regions, which is the material cause of mode transformation.All of the results indicate that wake stabilization and transition delay can be achieved under open-loop active control via the streamwise Lorentz force.

Open-loop frequency response for a chaotic masking system

In this paper, a new numerical simulation approach is proposed for the study of open-loop frequency response of a chaotic masking system. Using Chua＇s circuit and the Lorenz system as illustrative examples, we have shown that one can employ chaos synchronization to separate the feedback network from a chaotic masking system, and then use numerical simulation to obtain the open-loop synchronization response, the phase response, and the amplitude response of a chaotic masking system. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, we have also proved that changing the amplitude of the exciting （input） signal within normal working domain does not influence the frequency response of the chaotic masking system. The new numerical simulation method developed in this paper can be extended to consider the open-loop frequency response of other systems described by differential or difference equations.

Analytical solution for a class of linear quadratic open-loop Nash game with multiple players

In this paper, the Nash equilibria for differential games with multiple players is studied. A method for solving the Riccati-type matrix differential equations for open-loop Nash strategy in linear quadratic game with multiple players is presented and analytical solution is given for a type of differential games in which the system matrixcan be diagonalizable. As the special cases, the Nash equilibria for some type of differential games with particular structure is studied also, and some results in previous literatures are extended. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the solution procedure.

PERFORMANCE OF A NEW DECODING METHOD USED IN OPEN-LOOP ALL-OPTICAL CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A new decoding method with decoder is used in open-loop all-optical chaotic communication system under strong injection condition.The performance of the new decoding method is numerically investigated by comparing it with the common decoding method without decoder.For new decoding method,two cases are analyzed,including whether or not the output of the decoder is adjusted by its input to receiver.The results indicate the decoding quality can be improved by adjusting for the new decoding method.Meanwhile,the injection strength of decoder can be restricted in a certain range.The adjusted new decoding method with decoder can achieve better decoding quality than decoding method without decoder when the bit rate of message is under 5 Gb/s.However,a stronger injection for receiver is needed.Moreover,the new decoding method can broaden the range of injection strength acceptable for good decoding quality.Different message encryption techniques are tested,and the result is similar to that of the common decoding method,indicative of the fact that the message encoded by using Chaotic Modulation(CM) can be best recovered by the new decoding method owning to the essence of this encryption technique.

Chaos Correlation in Open-loop Semiconductor Lasers Scheme Effected by Variable Feedback Time

The effect of optical feedback time （depend on the distance between the front facet of the laser and the external mirror） on the chaos synchronization in open-loop communication system have been investigated. In this system, the dynamics of semiconductor lasers with both the optical feedback and optical injection are coherently coupled with the internal laser field. The synchronization map becomes a cloud of points for some parameters values （no correlation between Master laser ML and Slave laser SL outputs）. It means that the two lasers are decoupled. It can be clearly seen when kf = 0.2, kinj = 0.4 and τ = 1 the correlation between these two laser outputs are in a diagonal line, which implies the excellent correlation between them and verifies their synchronization. It is evident that the synchronization quality of open-loop scheme improves for this value is better than that of the other amounts. Value is better than that of the other amounts.

基于ESO和分数阶PID的改进P&O控制策略

为了提高光伏电池转换效率、降低能量损失,有必要研究最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)方法。针对传统扰动观察法(perturbation observation method,P&O)存在无法兼顾跟踪速度与稳态精度、在光照度发生较大变化时会产生误判现象的问题,文中提出一种能适应环境变化的变步长P&O控制策略。首先,利用光伏电池刚启动时类似恒流源的特性获取当前光照度下的短路电流,通过固定电流法推导出最大功率点(maximum power point,MPP)的参考电压;其次,当光照度突变时,提出功率修正方法,并给出突变时的变步长调整策略;最后,设计基于线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer,LESO)的分数阶比例积分微分(fractional order proportion integration differentiation,FOPID)控制器,可以对算法输出的参考电压进一步进行跟踪补偿。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可以提高稳态精度和跟踪速度,有效提高光伏电池的输出功率。

Residue Based Open-Loop Modal Analysis Method for Detecting LFMR of PMSG-WFs Penetrated Power Systems

This paper proposes a residue based open-loop modal analysis method to detect low frequency modal resonance(LFMR),including asymmetric low frequency modal attraction(ALFMA)and asymmetric low frequency modal repulsion(ALFMR),of permanent magnetic synchronous generator based wind farms(PMSG-WFs)penetrated power systems.The formation of ALFMA and ALFMR caused by two open-loop low frequency oscillation(LFO)modes moving close and apart is analyzed in detail.Via predicting the trajectories of closed-loop LFO modes based on calculation of residue of open-loop LFO modes,both ALFMA and ALFMR can be detected.The proposed method can select LFO modes which move to the right half complex plane as control parameters vary.Simulation studies are carried out on a three-machine power system and a four-machine 11-bus power system to verify the properties of the proposed method.

Connections Between Induction Generator Effect and Open-loop Modal Proximity to Cause Sub-synchronous Oscillations in Series-compensated Power System

The induction generator effect(IGE)and the openloop modal proximity(OLMP)are two different reasons why subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)in a series-compensated power system(SCPS)may occur.The IGE attributes the growing SSOs to negative resistance,while the OLMP explains the SSO mechanism from the standpoint of modal conditions.In this paper,we investigate the connections between the IGE and the OLMP through equivalent RLC circuit and open-loop modal analysis.Our investigation is conducted for two types of seriescompensated power systems where either a synchronous generator or a DFIG is connected at the sending end.The investigation reveals the conditions,in which the IGE and the OLMP may jointly cause the growing SSOs,i.e.,both the IGE and the OLMP can explain why the growing SSOs occur.Furthermore,the investigation indicates that the IGE and the OLMP may be totally irrelevant and lead to growing SSOs separately.This implies that it is possible that in a SCPS,the growing SSOs are only due to the IGE,and the OLMP is non-existent,and vice versa.Hence,when the growing SSOs occurs in a SCPS,examination based on both the IGE and the OLMP should be carefully conducted in order to find if the oscillatory instability is due to the IGE,or the OLMP,or both of them.

永磁同步电机新型开环控制策略研究

随着永磁同步电机在节能减排中的广泛应用,永磁同步电机的开环控制策略也在动态性能要求不高的系统中得到广泛应用。开环控制系统的电压幅值在各个速度段的选取是决定开环控制性能的关键因素。在分析永磁同步电机开环控制基本原理的基础上,研究不同频率下不同电压幅值对系统性能的影响,在此基础上分析开环控制过程中电流输出特性。通过试验有效验证了理论分析的正确性。

120例食管癌、胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨食管癌、胃癌发病的危险因素及保护因素。方法 采用 1∶3配比的病例对照研究方法并建立了Logistic回归模型 ,共调查 12 0例食管癌、胃癌病例及 36 0例对照。结果 单因素分析提示 ,长期或大量吸烟、饮酒 ,喜食酸菜 ,喜辣食 ,经常出现呕吐、吞咽困难、黑便、消瘦及隐血珠筛查阳性与食管癌、胃癌的发生有关 ,而文化水平和喜食水果是保护因素 ;经多因素分析发现 ,吞咽困难、隐血珠筛查阳性、饮酒史、黑便及吸烟年限为食管癌、胃癌发生的主要危险因素。结论 改变不良饮食生活习惯 ,经常食用新鲜蔬菜和水果 ,对经常出现呕吐、吞咽困难、黑便、消瘦及隐血球筛查阳性的高危人群定期进行筛查 ,可减少食管癌、胃癌发生的危险性。

面向小批量制造过程的质量控制方法研究

针对小批量制造过程中统计质量控制 (SPC)所面临的突出问题 ,即如何充分利用有关过程的信息 (包括客观的历史数据和主观的经验与判断 ) ,提出应用贝叶斯预测理论的动态质量控制方法 ,着重讨论这一方法的动态建模、参数估计、模型干预方法和实施步骤等 ,并进行工程应用。

信息技术在家禽精细养殖应用中的研究进展

家禽精细养殖是保障家禽产品质量安全的有效方法之一。家禽精细养殖信息主要包括养殖环境信息、家禽个体行为信息及健康指标信息。准确高效地监测家禽个体信息有利于分析家禽的生理、健康和福利状况,是实现自动化健康养殖和扩大生产效益的基础。文章就信息化技术在家禽精细养殖中的应用重点介绍了家禽行为监测、体重监测以及禽舍环境控制的研究现状,并对家禽精细养殖中个体监测技术进行了展望。

微小型任意行程电磁冲击式纳米级步距驱动装置及其控制技术的研究

基于对置于平面上物体端面的轻轻敲击即能实现对物体位置精确调节的原理，研制出了小型任意行程电磁冲击式纳米级进给驱动装置、设计并组建了与之配套的驱动控制源和相应的检测系统。针对本项目研究的关键技术、即电磁冲击力的获取和控制，进行了一系列初步试验．试验结果表明：该微步距驱动装置的每一次冲击能将质量为０．３２５ｋｇ的物块移动约３９ｎｍ。

方波无刷直流电动机无传感器控制与弱磁控制

针对方波无刷直流电动机，讨论根据激磁电势波形确定电机换向时序的“端电压法”无传感器控制方法，并详细阐述其特殊的起动过程和双向运行技术。通常弱磁控制适用于正弦电机；对方波电机，文中提出了一种新型的用变压器电势抵消激磁电势而实现的等效弱磁控制方法，并作了理论分析与实验验证。

电动汽车用永磁同步电机弱磁控制策略综述

结合电动汽车应用,分析了适合弱磁运行的永磁同步电机的结构特点,并在永磁同步电机的数学模型基础上,介绍了应用于矢量控制技术中不同的弱磁控制方法。受车载电源电压的限制,在转折速度以上,电机转速的提升必须依靠弱磁控制。为实现电机的最优使用,通常将弱磁区分为弱磁I区和弱磁II区,提出了多种基于电机模型和鲁棒控制的方法。综合近年来有关弱磁控制研究的发展现状,分类整理了弱磁I区和弱磁II区的弱磁控制方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点。最后,对电动汽车控制系统的最优设计的发展趋势进行了展望。