This paper proposes a residue based open-loop modal analysis method to detect low frequency modal resonance(LFMR),including asymmetric low frequency modal attraction(ALFMA)and asymmetric low frequency modal repulsion(...This paper proposes a residue based open-loop modal analysis method to detect low frequency modal resonance(LFMR),including asymmetric low frequency modal attraction(ALFMA)and asymmetric low frequency modal repulsion(ALFMR),of permanent magnetic synchronous generator based wind farms(PMSG-WFs)penetrated power systems.The formation of ALFMA and ALFMR caused by two open-loop low frequency oscillation(LFO)modes moving close and apart is analyzed in detail.Via predicting the trajectories of closed-loop LFO modes based on calculation of residue of open-loop LFO modes,both ALFMA and ALFMR can be detected.The proposed method can select LFO modes which move to the right half complex plane as control parameters vary.Simulation studies are carried out on a three-machine power system and a four-machine 11-bus power system to verify the properties of the proposed method.展开更多
Reducing the effects of external disturbance on overhead crane systems is crucial,as they can impair the controller performance and cause excessive vibrations or oscillations of the payloads.One such external disturba...Reducing the effects of external disturbance on overhead crane systems is crucial,as they can impair the controller performance and cause excessive vibrations or oscillations of the payloads.One such external disturbance is the inclination of the supporting track of the crane trolley,which causes the system dynamics model to change.An open-loop control strategy is widely utilized to control the payload sway motion and generally does not require any alterations in the physical structure of a system or the installation of sensors and/or actuators.Input and command shaping are two common open-loop control techniques applied to control overhead cranes.In this paper,the effect of moving an overhead crane system along an inclined supporting track is investigated.In addition,the ability of different types of input-and command-shaping control schemes to suppress the residual vibrations due to trolley track inclination is demonstrated.Two types of input-shaping controllers,which are double-step,zero vibration,and one command waveform(WF)shaper based on a trigonometric function,are used and tested.A linear equation of motion of the overhead crane resting on an inclined surface is developed to simulate the overhead crane and payload motion.The effectiveness of the different types of open-loop controllers to suppress residual vibrations is verified by both simulation and experimental results.In addition,a new WF command shaper is proposed and designed to overcome track inclination while eliminating payload residual vibration.A comprehensive comparative analysis,both numerically and experimentally,is performed on the new proposed shaper to measure its effectiveness in handling inclination when compared to other types of open-loop controllers.The new shaper outperforms other controllers in eliminating payload residual vibration for a wider range of inclination angles.展开更多
A novel four light ray path test method for measuring residual reflectance has been presented. Residual reflectance spatial distribution at a cladding interface was measured using the technique. Residual reflectance c...A novel four light ray path test method for measuring residual reflectance has been presented. Residual reflectance spatial distribution at a cladding interface was measured using the technique. Residual reflectance could be on the order of 10-5 by matching the refractive index of Nd:glass, polymer, and cladding glass and eliminating defects in the adhesive layer. Residual reflection spatial distribution appears to be similar to Newton rings due to the edge surface flatness. The relationship between the residual reflectance and the edge surface flatness was discussed, and the results revealed that the edge surface flatness is very important during the cladding process.展开更多
CMOS运放的噪声尤其是低频1/f噪声会随着整体功耗的降低而急剧增加,针对传感器读出电路应用,文中在传统斩波运放的基础上设计了一个低噪声、低功耗的嵌套式斩波运算放大器。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行仿真与验证。高...CMOS运放的噪声尤其是低频1/f噪声会随着整体功耗的降低而急剧增加,针对传感器读出电路应用,文中在传统斩波运放的基础上设计了一个低噪声、低功耗的嵌套式斩波运算放大器。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行仿真与验证。高频斩波(fchop,high)频率为500 k Hz,低频斩波频率(fchop,low)为2 k Hz时的仿真结果表明,运放在100 Hz处的噪声功率谱密度(Power Spectral Density,PSD)降为23 n V槡Hz,总消耗电流14μA,放大器的增益带宽积(GBW)为16.7 MHz,运放的电流效率(GBW/Itot)达到了1 193,该设计的整体性能与以往的设计相比具有一定优势。展开更多
基金supported in part by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1866210the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51807067。
文摘This paper proposes a residue based open-loop modal analysis method to detect low frequency modal resonance(LFMR),including asymmetric low frequency modal attraction(ALFMA)and asymmetric low frequency modal repulsion(ALFMR),of permanent magnetic synchronous generator based wind farms(PMSG-WFs)penetrated power systems.The formation of ALFMA and ALFMR caused by two open-loop low frequency oscillation(LFO)modes moving close and apart is analyzed in detail.Via predicting the trajectories of closed-loop LFO modes based on calculation of residue of open-loop LFO modes,both ALFMA and ALFMR can be detected.The proposed method can select LFO modes which move to the right half complex plane as control parameters vary.Simulation studies are carried out on a three-machine power system and a four-machine 11-bus power system to verify the properties of the proposed method.
文摘Reducing the effects of external disturbance on overhead crane systems is crucial,as they can impair the controller performance and cause excessive vibrations or oscillations of the payloads.One such external disturbance is the inclination of the supporting track of the crane trolley,which causes the system dynamics model to change.An open-loop control strategy is widely utilized to control the payload sway motion and generally does not require any alterations in the physical structure of a system or the installation of sensors and/or actuators.Input and command shaping are two common open-loop control techniques applied to control overhead cranes.In this paper,the effect of moving an overhead crane system along an inclined supporting track is investigated.In addition,the ability of different types of input-and command-shaping control schemes to suppress the residual vibrations due to trolley track inclination is demonstrated.Two types of input-shaping controllers,which are double-step,zero vibration,and one command waveform(WF)shaper based on a trigonometric function,are used and tested.A linear equation of motion of the overhead crane resting on an inclined surface is developed to simulate the overhead crane and payload motion.The effectiveness of the different types of open-loop controllers to suppress residual vibrations is verified by both simulation and experimental results.In addition,a new WF command shaper is proposed and designed to overcome track inclination while eliminating payload residual vibration.A comprehensive comparative analysis,both numerically and experimentally,is performed on the new proposed shaper to measure its effectiveness in handling inclination when compared to other types of open-loop controllers.The new shaper outperforms other controllers in eliminating payload residual vibration for a wider range of inclination angles.
文摘A novel four light ray path test method for measuring residual reflectance has been presented. Residual reflectance spatial distribution at a cladding interface was measured using the technique. Residual reflectance could be on the order of 10-5 by matching the refractive index of Nd:glass, polymer, and cladding glass and eliminating defects in the adhesive layer. Residual reflection spatial distribution appears to be similar to Newton rings due to the edge surface flatness. The relationship between the residual reflectance and the edge surface flatness was discussed, and the results revealed that the edge surface flatness is very important during the cladding process.
文摘CMOS运放的噪声尤其是低频1/f噪声会随着整体功耗的降低而急剧增加,针对传感器读出电路应用,文中在传统斩波运放的基础上设计了一个低噪声、低功耗的嵌套式斩波运算放大器。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行仿真与验证。高频斩波(fchop,high)频率为500 k Hz,低频斩波频率(fchop,low)为2 k Hz时的仿真结果表明,运放在100 Hz处的噪声功率谱密度(Power Spectral Density,PSD)降为23 n V槡Hz,总消耗电流14μA,放大器的增益带宽积(GBW)为16.7 MHz,运放的电流效率(GBW/Itot)达到了1 193,该设计的整体性能与以往的设计相比具有一定优势。
