Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,...Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,etc.The objective of this study was to observe the types and frequency of intra-operative wor kflow interruptions in our ORs.Method:This ccoss-sectional study was conducted from March Do April of 2023.An observational approach using an audio-video recording device was employed to record OR flow disr uptions.One elective OR and one emergency OR under the Department of General Surgery were selected for the study.All open and laparoscopic surger ies conducted in the selected ORs were included.An Internet Protocol camera'was installed in the selec ted ORS with a view of the entire room,including the anesthesia station.Audio-video recording was started after the first indsion and stopped after closure of the surgical site.Result:Of the 51 cases that were studied,45(88.2%)were elective,and 18(35.3%)were laparoscopic cases.They could be classified into 8 types of open procedures and 4 types of lapar oscopic procedures.The mean maximum headcount inside the OR was 15.5土3.6 and doors opened on average of 15.8土6.0 times during a procedure.Other interruptions were surgeons attending phone calls(24,47.1%),leaving the sterile area(21,41.2%),technical disturbances(32,62.7%),anesthetic interruptions(18,35.3%),and faulty instruments(29,56.9%)Elective procedures had a signifcandy higher average number of in-terruptions per operating hour than emergency procedures(175±8.6vs.7.1±2.9,p<0.01).Condusion:Preventable factors such as faulty instruments,anesthetic interruption,and attending phone calls by the surgeon are commonly observed in ORs.They need to be addressed by timely surgical audits or the adoption of continued sureillance methods that can help take measures to minimize their occurrence.展开更多
Traditional analytical approaches for stability assessment of inverter-based resources(IBRs),often requiring detailed knowledge of IBR internals,become impractical due to IBRs’proprietary nature.Admittance measuremen...Traditional analytical approaches for stability assessment of inverter-based resources(IBRs),often requiring detailed knowledge of IBR internals,become impractical due to IBRs’proprietary nature.Admittance measurements,relying on electromagnetic transient simulation or laboratory settings,are not only time-intensive but also operationally inflexible,since various non-linear control loops make IBRs’admittance models operating-point dependent.Therefore,such admittance measurements must be performed repeatedly when operating point changes.To avoid time-consuming and cumbersome measurements,admittance estimation for arbitrary operating points is highly desirable.However,existing admittance estimation algorithms usually face challenges in versatility,data demands,and accuracy.Addressing this challenge,this letter presents a simple and efficient admittance estimation method for blackboxed IBRs,by utilizing a minimal set of seven operating points to solve a homogeneous linear equation system.Case studies demonstrate this proposed method ensures high accuracy across various types of IBRs.Estimation accuracy is satisfying even when non-negligible measurement errors exist.展开更多
A class of generalized moving average operators is introduced, and the integral representations of an average function are provided. It has been shown that the average of Dirac δ distribution is just the well kn...A class of generalized moving average operators is introduced, and the integral representations of an average function are provided. It has been shown that the average of Dirac δ distribution is just the well known box spline. Some remarks on box splines, such as their smoothness and the corresponding partition of unity, are made. The factorization of average operators is derived. Then, the subdivision algorithm for efficient computing of box splines and their linear combinations follows.展开更多
The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of...The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of AES S-Box construction. The method reduces the steps needed to compute the multiplicative inverse, and computes the matrices multiplication used in this transformation, without a need to use the characteristic matrix, and the result is a modern method constructing the S-Box.展开更多
文摘Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,etc.The objective of this study was to observe the types and frequency of intra-operative wor kflow interruptions in our ORs.Method:This ccoss-sectional study was conducted from March Do April of 2023.An observational approach using an audio-video recording device was employed to record OR flow disr uptions.One elective OR and one emergency OR under the Department of General Surgery were selected for the study.All open and laparoscopic surger ies conducted in the selected ORs were included.An Internet Protocol camera'was installed in the selec ted ORS with a view of the entire room,including the anesthesia station.Audio-video recording was started after the first indsion and stopped after closure of the surgical site.Result:Of the 51 cases that were studied,45(88.2%)were elective,and 18(35.3%)were laparoscopic cases.They could be classified into 8 types of open procedures and 4 types of lapar oscopic procedures.The mean maximum headcount inside the OR was 15.5土3.6 and doors opened on average of 15.8土6.0 times during a procedure.Other interruptions were surgeons attending phone calls(24,47.1%),leaving the sterile area(21,41.2%),technical disturbances(32,62.7%),anesthetic interruptions(18,35.3%),and faulty instruments(29,56.9%)Elective procedures had a signifcandy higher average number of in-terruptions per operating hour than emergency procedures(175±8.6vs.7.1±2.9,p<0.01).Condusion:Preventable factors such as faulty instruments,anesthetic interruption,and attending phone calls by the surgeon are commonly observed in ORs.They need to be addressed by timely surgical audits or the adoption of continued sureillance methods that can help take measures to minimize their occurrence.
基金funded by the Australian Research for Global Power System Transformation(Stage 2)Topic 2 and partially funded by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency(Grant No.:2023/ARP010)。
文摘Traditional analytical approaches for stability assessment of inverter-based resources(IBRs),often requiring detailed knowledge of IBR internals,become impractical due to IBRs’proprietary nature.Admittance measurements,relying on electromagnetic transient simulation or laboratory settings,are not only time-intensive but also operationally inflexible,since various non-linear control loops make IBRs’admittance models operating-point dependent.Therefore,such admittance measurements must be performed repeatedly when operating point changes.To avoid time-consuming and cumbersome measurements,admittance estimation for arbitrary operating points is highly desirable.However,existing admittance estimation algorithms usually face challenges in versatility,data demands,and accuracy.Addressing this challenge,this letter presents a simple and efficient admittance estimation method for blackboxed IBRs,by utilizing a minimal set of seven operating points to solve a homogeneous linear equation system.Case studies demonstrate this proposed method ensures high accuracy across various types of IBRs.Estimation accuracy is satisfying even when non-negligible measurement errors exist.
文摘A class of generalized moving average operators is introduced, and the integral representations of an average function are provided. It has been shown that the average of Dirac δ distribution is just the well known box spline. Some remarks on box splines, such as their smoothness and the corresponding partition of unity, are made. The factorization of average operators is derived. Then, the subdivision algorithm for efficient computing of box splines and their linear combinations follows.
文摘The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of AES S-Box construction. The method reduces the steps needed to compute the multiplicative inverse, and computes the matrices multiplication used in this transformation, without a need to use the characteristic matrix, and the result is a modern method constructing the S-Box.