Since the new century, the development trend of administrative law and administrative law issues have been a concern for Chinese administrative law scholars, especially in recent years, more and more scholars start to...Since the new century, the development trend of administrative law and administrative law issues have been a concern for Chinese administrative law scholars, especially in recent years, more and more scholars start to discuss ＂ new administrative law＂ ,directly or indirectly,＂ New Administrative Law＂ has become China＇ s new hot spot for administrative law research. From two aspects, which involve the new direction of the construction of the administrative law system and the new vision of the administrative law, relevant research results on law research were reviewed and commented, and a number of visions were made on the future development of China＇ s administrative law, which were practically significant.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis ...The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis of policy options?Administrative costs affect all areas of public education and absorb a large part of the state budget appropriations intended for education.Through the presentation of the general and specific objectives but also the European participation in the rational management of the management costs of the educational units,we lead to a holistic approach to the operational costs of the education that is part of the social costs.展开更多
An accurate and complete geometric model was constructed to simulate the combustion, flow and temperature environment in the radiant section of the steam cracking furnace. Simulation of flow and radiation status has u...An accurate and complete geometric model was constructed to simulate the combustion, flow and temperature environment in the radiant section of the steam cracking furnace. Simulation of flow and radiation status has utilized the standard k-ε model and P1 model. The finite-rate/eddy-dissipation (finite-rate/ED) combustion model and non-premixed combustion model were both used to simulate accurately the combustion and the operation status of the steam cracking furnace. Three different surfaces of the steam cracking furnace were obtained from the simulation, namely:the flue gas temperature field of the entrance surface in long flame burners, the central surface location of tubes, and the crossover section surface. Detailed information on the flue gas temperature and the mass concentration fraction of these different surfaces in the steam cracking furnace can also be obtained by the simulation. This paper analyzed and compared the simulation results with the two combustion models, estimated the operation status of the steam cracking furnace, and reported that the finite-rate/ED model is appropriate to simulate the steam cracking furnace by comparing key simulation data with actual test data. This work has also provided a theoretical basis for simulating and operating the steam cracking furnace.展开更多
Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era,...Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.展开更多
Since beginning of 2014, HIRFL has been operated about 7 272 machine hours, including 626 h for the machinepreparation, 998.5 h for the machine commissioning, 158.5 h for equipment failure period, 4 964.5 h for experi...Since beginning of 2014, HIRFL has been operated about 7 272 machine hours, including 626 h for the machinepreparation, 998.5 h for the machine commissioning, 158.5 h for equipment failure period, 4 964.5 h for experimenttarget time and 235 h for the machine study. Several different operation modes were included: 1 321.5 h for theindependent operation of SFC; 2 631 h for operation of the combination of SFC+SSC; 1 422 h for operation of thecombination of SFC+CSRm, 1 897.5 h for the operation of the combination of SFC+CSRm+CSRe, and 289.5 h isthe others.展开更多
During 2015 the HIRFL accelerator of IMP delivered 26 species of heavy for experiments related on nuclear physics, atomic physics, material sciences, radio-biology researches and machine studies, including 13 species ...During 2015 the HIRFL accelerator of IMP delivered 26 species of heavy for experiments related on nuclear physics, atomic physics, material sciences, radio-biology researches and machine studies, including 13 species of them were accelerated first time in HIRFL. The typical ion beams provided by HIRFL in 2015 are listed in Table 1.展开更多
Source: MIIT In June 2019, automobile production and sales continued to decline year-on-year, but the decline was narrower than the prebvious month.1. Car sales in June fell 9.6 percent from a year earlier In June, au...Source: MIIT In June 2019, automobile production and sales continued to decline year-on-year, but the decline was narrower than the prebvious month.1. Car sales in June fell 9.6 percent from a year earlier In June, automobile production and sales reached 1.895 million and 2.056 million, respectively, down 17.3 percent and 9.6 percent year-on-year, respectively.展开更多
In the first half of 2019, the output and business income of rare earth raw materials of China Northern Rare Earths reached an all-time high, achieving the goal of "more than half of the time and more than half o...In the first half of 2019, the output and business income of rare earth raw materials of China Northern Rare Earths reached an all-time high, achieving the goal of "more than half of the time and more than half of the task", laying a solid foundation for the completion of the company's annual task goal.展开更多
文摘Since the new century, the development trend of administrative law and administrative law issues have been a concern for Chinese administrative law scholars, especially in recent years, more and more scholars start to discuss ＂ new administrative law＂ ,directly or indirectly,＂ New Administrative Law＂ has become China＇ s new hot spot for administrative law research. From two aspects, which involve the new direction of the construction of the administrative law system and the new vision of the administrative law, relevant research results on law research were reviewed and commented, and a number of visions were made on the future development of China＇ s administrative law, which were practically significant.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis of policy options?Administrative costs affect all areas of public education and absorb a large part of the state budget appropriations intended for education.Through the presentation of the general and specific objectives but also the European participation in the rational management of the management costs of the educational units,we lead to a holistic approach to the operational costs of the education that is part of the social costs.
基金supported by the technology development fund of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec 409045)
文摘An accurate and complete geometric model was constructed to simulate the combustion, flow and temperature environment in the radiant section of the steam cracking furnace. Simulation of flow and radiation status has utilized the standard k-ε model and P1 model. The finite-rate/eddy-dissipation (finite-rate/ED) combustion model and non-premixed combustion model were both used to simulate accurately the combustion and the operation status of the steam cracking furnace. Three different surfaces of the steam cracking furnace were obtained from the simulation, namely:the flue gas temperature field of the entrance surface in long flame burners, the central surface location of tubes, and the crossover section surface. Detailed information on the flue gas temperature and the mass concentration fraction of these different surfaces in the steam cracking furnace can also be obtained by the simulation. This paper analyzed and compared the simulation results with the two combustion models, estimated the operation status of the steam cracking furnace, and reported that the finite-rate/ED model is appropriate to simulate the steam cracking furnace by comparing key simulation data with actual test data. This work has also provided a theoretical basis for simulating and operating the steam cracking furnace.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05010,2016ZX05023).
文摘Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.
文摘Since beginning of 2014, HIRFL has been operated about 7 272 machine hours, including 626 h for the machinepreparation, 998.5 h for the machine commissioning, 158.5 h for equipment failure period, 4 964.5 h for experimenttarget time and 235 h for the machine study. Several different operation modes were included: 1 321.5 h for theindependent operation of SFC; 2 631 h for operation of the combination of SFC+SSC; 1 422 h for operation of thecombination of SFC+CSRm, 1 897.5 h for the operation of the combination of SFC+CSRm+CSRe, and 289.5 h isthe others.
文摘During 2015 the HIRFL accelerator of IMP delivered 26 species of heavy for experiments related on nuclear physics, atomic physics, material sciences, radio-biology researches and machine studies, including 13 species of them were accelerated first time in HIRFL. The typical ion beams provided by HIRFL in 2015 are listed in Table 1.
文摘Source: MIIT In June 2019, automobile production and sales continued to decline year-on-year, but the decline was narrower than the prebvious month.1. Car sales in June fell 9.6 percent from a year earlier In June, automobile production and sales reached 1.895 million and 2.056 million, respectively, down 17.3 percent and 9.6 percent year-on-year, respectively.
文摘In the first half of 2019, the output and business income of rare earth raw materials of China Northern Rare Earths reached an all-time high, achieving the goal of "more than half of the time and more than half of the task", laying a solid foundation for the completion of the company's annual task goal.
