An Efficient Memory Management for Mobile Operating Systems Based on Prediction of Relaunch Distance

Recently,various mobile apps have included more features to improve user convenience.Mobile operating systems load as many apps into memory for faster app launching and execution.The least recently used(LRU)-based termination of cached apps is a widely adopted approach when free space of the main memory is running low.However,the LRUbased cached app termination does not distinguish between frequently or infrequently used apps.The app launch performance degrades if LRU terminates frequently used apps.Recent studies have suggested the potential of using users’app usage patterns to predict the next app launch and address the limitations of the current least recently used(LRU)approach.However,existing methods only focus on predicting the probability of the next launch and do not consider how soon the app will launch again.In this paper,we present a new approach for predicting future app launches by utilizing the relaunch distance.We define the relaunch distance as the interval between two consecutive launches of an app and propose a memory management based on app relaunch prediction(M2ARP).M2ARP utilizes past app usage patterns to predict the relaunch distance.It uses the predicted relaunch distance to determine which apps are least likely to be launched soon and terminate them to improve the efficiency of the main memory.

Cybersecurity: Identifying the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF) and Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a Computer Operating System

The objective of the present study is to define two important aspects of the computer operating system concerning the number of its vulnerabilities behavior. We identify the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF), and the Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a computer operating network. Both of these functions, VIF and VII are entities of the stochastic process that we have identified, which characterizes the probabilistic behavior of the number of vulnerabilities of a computer operating network. The VIF identifies the rate at which the number of vulnerabilities changes with respect to time. The VII is an important index indicator that conveys the following information about the number of vulnerabilities of Desktop Operating Systems: the numbers are increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same at a particular time of interest. This decision type of index indicator is crucial in every strategic planning and decision-making. The proposed VIF and VII illustrate their importance by using real data for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 10, 8, 7, and Apple MacOS. The results of the actual data attest to the importance of VIF and VII in the cybersecurity problem we are currently facing.

The Coupled Operational Systems:A Linear Optimisation Review

The purpose of this review is to summarise the existing literature on the operational systems as to explain the current state of understanding on the coupled operational systems.The review only considers the linear optimisation of the operational systems.Traditionally,the operational systems are classified as decoupled,tightly coupled,and loosely coupled.Lately,the coupled operational systems were classified as systems of time-sensitive and time-insensitive operational cycle,systems employing one mix and different mixes of factors of production,and systems of single-linear,single-linear-fractional,and multi-linear objective.These new classifications extend the knowledge about the linear optimisation of the coupled operational systems and reveal new objective-improving models and new state-of-the-art methodologies never discussed before.Business areas affected by these extensions include product assembly lines,cooperative farming,gas/oil reservoir development,maintenance service throughout multiple facilities,construction via different locations,flights traffic control in aviation,game reserves,and tramp shipping in maritime cargo transport.

ARM-Based Embedded System Platform and Its Portability Research

Taking ARM as the hardware platform, the embedded system is built from both hardware and software aspects with the application as the center. In the hardware design, build the hardware platform scheme, design the schematic diagram as well as PCB, complete the hardware debugging, and ensure the system hardware platform function;in the software design, optimize the three-stage pipeline structure of ARM instruction system, design the instruction set, install the embedded system on the virtual machine, build the cross-toolchain, and set up the correct NFS network file system. Finish the design of the ARM-based embedded system platform, combined with the hardware requirements of the experimental platform, transplant the powerful Uboot as the Bootloader of the system, and further transplant the Linux-2.6. 32 kernel to the system start the operation normally, and finally, build the root file to finish the study of its portability.

Relative Time Quantum-based Enhancements in Round Robin Scheduling

Modern human life is heavily dependent on computing systems and one of the core components affecting the performance of these systems is underlying operating system.Operating systems need to be upgraded to match the needs of modern-day systems relying on Internet of Things,Fog computing and Mobile based applications.The scheduling algorithm of the operating system dictates that how the resources will be allocated to the processes and the Round Robin algorithm(RR)has been widely used for it.The intent of this study is to ameliorate RR scheduling algorithm to optimize task scheduling.We have carried out an experimental study where we have developed four variations of RR,each algorithm considers three-time quanta and the performance of these variations was compared with the RR algorithm,and results highlighted that these variations performed better than conventional RR algorithm.In the future,we intend to develop an automated scheduler that can determine optimal algorithm based on the current set of processes and will allocate time quantum to the processes intelligently at the run time.This way the task performance of modern-day systems can be improved to make them more efficient.

Source Code Comparison of DOS and CP/M

In a previous paper [1], I compared DOS from Microsoft and CP/M from Digital Research Inc. (DRI) to determine whether the original DOS source code had been copied from CP/M source code as had been rumored for many years [2] [3]. At the time, the source code for CP/M was publicly available but the source code for DOS was not. My comparison was limited to the comparison of the DOS 1.11 binary code and the source code for CP/M 2.0 from 1981. Since that time, the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California received the source code for DOS 2.0 from Microsoft and was given permission to make it public. The museum also received the source code for DOS 1.1 from Tim Paterson, the developer who was originally contracted by Microsoft to write DOS. In this paper, I perform a further analysis using the newly accessible source code and determine that no code was copied. I further conclude that the commands were not copied but that a substantial number of the system calls were copied.

Social Energy:Mining Energy From the Society

The inherent nature of energy,i.e.,physicality,sociality and informatization,implies the inevitable and intensive interaction between energy systems and social systems.From this perspective,we define "social energy" as a complex sociotechnical system of energy systems,social systems and the derived artificial virtual systems which characterize the intense intersystem and intra-system interactions.The recent advancement in intelligent technology,including artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies,sensing and communication in Internet of Things technologies,and massive high performance computing and extreme-scale data analytics technologies,enables the possibility of substantial advancement in socio-technical system optimization,scheduling,control and management.In this paper,we provide a discussion on the nature of energy,and then propose the concept and intention of social energy systems for electrical power.A general methodology of establishing and investigating social energy is proposed,which is based on the ACP approach,i.e., "artificial systems"(A), "computational experiments"(C) and "parallel execution"(P),and parallel system methodology.A case study on the University of Denver(DU) campus grid is provided and studied to demonstrate the social energy concept.In the concluding remarks,we discuss the technical pathway,in both social and nature sciences,to social energy,and our vision on its future.

Elimination of Partial Overloading of Generators Under Unbalanced Operating Conditions of Power Systems

Unbalanced operating condition in a power system can cause partial overloading of the generators in the network,a condition where one or two of the three phases of the generator become overloaded even if the total 3-phase power output of the generator is within its specified limit.Partial overloading of generators beyond certain limits is undesirable and must be avoided.Distribution systems are often subjected to highly unbalanced operating conditions.Introduction of distributed generations(DGs),therefore,has rendered today’s distribution systems quite susceptible to this problem.Mitigation of this problem requires the issue to be addressed properly during analysis,operation and planning of such systems.Analysis,operation and planning of power networks under unbalanced operating condition require 3-phase load flow study.The existing methods of 3-phase load flow are not equipped to take into account any limit on the loadings of the individual phases of the generators.In the present work,a methodology based on NewtonRaphson(N-R)3-phase load flow with necessary modifications is proposed.The proposed methodology is able to determine the safe loading limits of the generators,and,can be adopted for operation and planning of power networks under unbalanced operating conditions to overcome the above difficulties.Test results on IEEE-37 bus feeder network are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Evidence Emerging from the Survey on European Union Timber Regulation [REG. (EU) 995/2010] in Italy

Illegal logging is a pervasive problem of major international concern that causes many negative social, economical and environmental consequences. EUTR is a tool adopted in 2010 and entered into force in 2013 to stop the trade of timber illegally logged within the EU market. The implementation in Italy is still in progress and varies among regions. This study considers the respondents’ opinions on different EUTR characteristics, implementation processes and compliance activities. Taking Italy as an example, the questionnaire was delivered to relevant Italian foresters and timber operators in the forest-timber system. Two hypotheses are under verification: 1) if Italian forest-wood-timber sector integrated EUTR into its activity and 2) if the Italian Due Diligence system is a valid model to other countries. The questionnaire has been submitted to the wood industry stakeholders. It has been organized into six sections to collect information about the professional characteristics of respondents, their experiences on EUTR, the opinion about EUTR and FLEGT, the support received on EUTR implementation, the opinion about the checks system, and the role of EUTR in marketing timber products. Questionnaire data have been elaborated in different ways. Conclusion underlines the EUTR Italian system criticalities and some suggestions for a more effective use of EUTR in the wood market. The picture that emerges from the results collected is that the EUTR, although proposed for morally and ethically valid purposes, doesn’t have unanimous effectiveness. In particular, EUTR can generate a distortion of the market, new expenditures for importers. Various operators applaud the role of certification schemes for sustainable forest management, which indirectly makes it possible to prevent the aforementioned problem. The Italian EUTR system is working only for satisfying Regulation 995/2010 targets. This must be considered as the starting point;however, three innovative topics could be developed in the future: digitalization and computerization of EUTR certification, integration of EUTR certification with forest certifications schemes and other quality certifications, and use of EUTR in the marketing initiatives.

Object-oriented Modeling for Planning and Control of Multi-energy Systems

Multi-energy systems(MES)involving networks of different energy carriers can support the balancing of fluctuating renewable generation by co-ordinated joint operation.In this paper,an object-oriented modeling methodology for planning and operations control of MES based on nodal analysis is proposed.The framework provides the modularity to simulate scenarios with varying network configurations.Based on object-oriented programming,classes are formed with regard to common attributes of the network elements.The instances of classes represent physical network elements,such as buses,lines,and power conversion units.The models of the individual network elements involve adjustable and flexible parameters.This is especially advantageous for scenarios with operatingpoint-dependent efficiencies.The overall framework makes use of a uniform description of the model parameters across the diverse energy carriers.Thus,the methodology is particularly suited for the analysis of MES.The applicability of the modeling framework is demonstrated by two use cases involving a technology campus in Berlin.

Guest editorial:special section on energy storage systems and operational flexibility in power systems

The energy storage system(ESS) is becoming an important component in power systems to mitigate the adverse impact of intermittent renewable energy resources and improve power grid reliability and efficiency.However,storage devices driven by different technologies can have specific grid impacts.This special section is dedicated to reflecting the