Study of Axial Vibration of a Motor-Compressor System Using Operational Modal Analysis

A case study of excessive vibration on a motor-compressor system is presented in this paper.After barely two months of operation,the reciprocating compressor motor’s routine monitoring revealed excessive axial vibration amplitude.For this reason,the Operational Modal Analysis(OMA)was carried out in order to identify the pri-mary cause.According to the investigation,one of the harmonic components which was 18 times the motor’s running speed matched with a resonance frequency of 112 Hz.According to OMA study,the motor was vibrating in torsional motion because the compressor’s load had stimulated the entire motor-compressor unit at this reso-nance frequency.The analysis also demonstrates the bulging effect of the motor shaft’s axial vibration on the motor’s endplate.

Operational modal identification of suspension bridge based on structural health monitoring system

An output-only modal identification method by a combination use of the peak-picking method and the cross spectrum methods are presented. Meanwhile, a novel mode shape optimum method of the deck is proposed. The methods are applied to the operational modal identification system of the Runyang Suspension Bridge, which can be used to obtain the modal parameters of the bridge from out-only data sets collected by its structural health monitoring system （SHMS）. As an example, the vibration response data of the deck, cable and tower recorded during typhoon Matsa excitation are used to illustrate the program application. Some of the modal frequencies observed from deck vibration responses are also found in the vibration responses of the cable and the tower. The results show that some modal shapes of the deck are strongly coupled with the cable and the tower. By comparing the identification results from the operational modal system with those from field measurements, a good agreement between them is achieved, but some modal frequencies identified from the operational modal identification system （OMIS）, such as L1 and L2, obviously decrease compared with those from the field measurements.

Modal macro-strain identification from operational macro-strain shape under changing loading conditions

To develop modal macro-strain （ MMS ） identification techniques and improve their applicability in a continuous health monitoring system for civil infrastructures, the concept of operational macro-strain shape （OMSS） and the corresponding identification method are proposed under unknown ever-changing loading conditions, and the MMS is then obtained. The core of the proposed technique is mainly based on the specific property that the macro-strain transmissibility tends to be independent of external excitations at the poles of the system and converges to a unique value. The proposed method is verified using the experimental data from a three-span continuous beam excited by an impact hammer at different locations. The identified results are also compared with the commonly used methods, such as the peak- picking （PP） method, the stochastic subspace identification （SSI） method, and numerical results, in the case of unknown input forces. Results show that the proposed technique has unique merits in accuracy and robustness due to its combining multiple tests under changing loading conditions, which also reveal the promising application of the distributed strain sensing system in identifying MMS of operational structures, as well as in the structural health monitoring （SHM） field.

An operational modal analysis method in frequency and spatial domain

A frequency and spatial domain decomposition method （FSDD） for operational modal analysis （OMA） is presented in this paper, which is an extension of the complex mode indicator function （CMIF） method for experimental modal analysis （EMA）. The theoretical background of the FSDD method is clarified, Singular value decomposition is adopted to separate the signal space from the noise space. Finally, an enhanced power spectrum density （PSD） is proposed to obtain more accurate modal parameters by curve fitting in the frequency domain. Moreover, a simulation case and an application case are used to validate this method.

An Operational Modal Analysis Experimental Technique for Self-propelled Gun

The experimental modal analysis of the selected self-propelled gun was completed to obtain its modal frequency distribution and modes by using an operational modal analysis experimental technique.The result obtained by the method was compared with that obtained by the traditional method.It indicates that the two results are in good agreement.

Operational Modal Analysis of a Ship Model in the Presence of Harmonic Excitation

A ship is operated under an extremely complex environment, and waves and winds are assumed to be the stochastic excitations. Moreover, the propeller, host and mechanical equipment can also induce the harmonic responses. In order to reduce structural vibration, it is important to obtain the modal parameters information of a ship. However, the traditional modal parameter identification methods are not suitable since the excitation information is difficult to obtain. Natural excitation technique-eigensystem realization algorithm （NExT-ERA） is an operational modal identification method which abstracts modal parameters only from the response signals, and it is based on the assumption that the input to the structure is pure white noise. Hence, it is necessary to study the influence of harmonic excitations while applying the NExT-ERA method to a ship structure. The results of this research paper indicate the practical experiences under ambient excitation, ship model experiments were successfully done in the modal parameters identification only when the harmonic frequencies were not too close to the modal frequencies.

A refined Frequency Domain Decomposition tool for structural modal monitoring in earthquake engineering

Output-only structural identification is developed by a refined Frequency Domain Decomposition（rFDD） approach, towards assessing current modal properties of heavy-damped buildings（in terms of identification challenge）, under strong ground motions. Structural responses from earthquake excitations are taken as input signals for the identification algorithm. A new dedicated computational procedure, based on coupled Chebyshev Type Ⅱ bandpass filters, is outlined for the effective estimation of natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios. The identification technique is also coupled with a Gabor Wavelet Transform, resulting in an effective and self-contained time-frequency analysis framework. Simulated response signals generated by shear-type frames（with variable structural features） are used as a necessary validation condition. In this context use is made of a complete set of seismic records taken from the FEMA P695 database, i.e. all 44 ＂Far-Field＂（22 NS, 22 WE） earthquake signals. The modal estimates are statistically compared to their target values, proving the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing prompt and accurate estimates of all current strong ground motion modal parameters. At this stage, such analysis tool may be employed for convenient application in the realm of Earthquake Engineering, towards potential Structural Health Monitoring and damage detection purposes.

User-oriented data acquisition chain task planningalgorithm for operationally responsive space satellite

With the development of operationally responsive space（ORS） and on-board processing techniques, the end users canreceive the observation data from the ORS satellite directly. Tosatisfy the demand for reducing the requirements-tasking-effectscycle from one day to hours, the various resources of the wholedata acquisition chain （including satellites, ground stations, dataprocessing centers, users, etc.） should be taken into an overallconsideration, and the traditional batch task planning mode shouldbe transformed into the user-oriented task planning mode. Consideringthere are many approaches for data acquisition due tothe new techniques of ORS satellite, the data acquisition chaintask planning problem for ORS satellite can be seen as the multimodalroute planning problem. Thereby, a framework is presentedusing label-constrained shortest path technique with the conflictresolution. To apply this framework to solve the ORS satellite taskplanning problem, the preprocessing and the conflict resolutionstrategies are discussed in detail. Based on the above work, theuser-oriented data acquisition chain task planning algorithm forORS satellite is proposed. The exact solution can be obtainedin polynomial time using the proposed algorithm. The simulationexperiments validate the feasibility and the adaptability of the proposedapproach.

An Analysis on the BRICS TALK from the Perspective of Modality System

The tenth BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg,South Africa in 2018,which attracted attention from the whole world.Especially,it is of great importance to the BRICS nations,for it is the first ten years of BRICS,which marks its growth.Meanwhile,this year the Trump administration imposed more strict policies on protectionism.Particularly,the trade war between China and the United States is so intensive.China,as the core member of BRICS has great clout on BRICS,so the trade war between China and US also arouse a heat discussion among the BRICS nations.During the Summit,CGTN invited experts from the five BRICS nations to discuss related topics.Systemic Functional Linguistics,as one of the most influential branches of Linguistics,was firstly established by M.A.K.Halliday,and it has been greatly developed over the past decades.Interpersonal meaning is one of the three meta-functions,which focuses on how addressers use language to communicate,establish and maintain relationships with addressees,and express their opinions.Mood and modality are two basic resources to the realization of interpersonal meaning.Mood is used to represent the interaction of the language users,while modality reflects the utterers’attitudes and judgments.The paper discusses the three aspects of modality:modal operators,modal adjuncts and metaphors of modality.The paper applies the modality system to the analysis of the transcript of BRICS TALK.The author selects the experts’speeches on the trade war between China and US as the data.The research questions are as followed:(1)the characteristics of the modality resources appeared in their talks;(2)the BRICS nations attitudes and stance on trade war and America’s protectionism.

Fault Diagnosis of Cylindrical Grinding Machine

Based on experiment modal analysis(EMA) and operation modal analysis(OMA), the dynamic characteristics of cylindrical grinding machine were measured and provided a basis for further failure analysis.The influences of grinding parameters on dynamic characteristics were studied by analyzing the diagnostic signals extracted from racing and grinding experiments.The significant frequency of 38 Hz related to grinding wheel spindle speed of 2 307 r/min showed that the wheel spindle system was in a state of imbalan...

Damping Identification of Bridges Under Nonstationary Ambient Vibration

This research focuses on identifying the damping ratio of bridges using nonstationary ambient vibration data. The damping ratios of bridges in service have generally been identified using operational modal analysis （OMA） based on a stationary white noise assumption for input signals. However, most bridges are generally subjected to nonstationary excitations while in service, and this violation of the basic assumption can lead to uncertainties in damping identification. To deal with nonstationarity, an amplitude-modulating function was calculated from measured responses to eliminate global trends caused by nonstationary input. A natural excitation technique （NExT）-eigensystem realization algorithm （ERA） was applied to estimate the damping ratio for a stationarized process. To improve the accuracy of OMA-based damping estimates, a comparative analysis was performed between an extracted stationary process and nonstationary data to assess the effect of eliminating nonstationarity. The mean value and standard deviation of the damping ratio for the first vertical mode decreased after signal stationarization.

Bayesian operational modal analysis of a long-span cable-stayed sea-crossing bridge

Sea-crossing bridges have attracted considerable attention in recent years as an increasing number of projects have been constructed worldwide.Situated in the coastal area,sea-crossing bridges are subjected to a harsh environment(e.g.strong winds,possible ship collisions,and tidal waves)and their performance can deteriorate quickly and severely.To enhance safety and serviceability,it is a routine process to conduct vibration tests to identify modal properties(e.g.natural frequencies,damping ratios,and mode shapes)and to monitor their long-term variation for the purpose of early-damage alert.Operational modal analysis(OMA)provides a feasible way to investigate the modal properties even when the cross-sea bridges are in their operation condition.In this study,we focus on the OMA of cable-stayed bridges,because they are usually long-span and flexible to have extremely low natural frequencies.It challenges experimental capability(e.g.instrumentation and budgeting)and modal identification techniques(e.g.low frequency and closely spaced modes).This paper presents a modal survey of a cable-stayed sea-crossing bridge spanning 218 m+620 m+218 m.The bridge is located in the typhoon-prone area of the northwestern Pacific Ocean.Ambient vibration data was collected for 24 h.A Bayesian fast Fourier transform modal identification method incorporating an expectation-maximization algorithm is applied for modal analysis,in which the modal parameters and associated identification uncertainties are both addressed.Nineteen modes,including 15 translational modes and four torsional modes,are identified within the frequency range of[0,2.5 Hz].

Operational modal parameter identification with colored noise excitation

Operational Modal Analysis(OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.

Damage Identification of General Overhead Travelling Crane Structure Based on Model Updating by Sensitivity

A model based damage identification was proposed by facilitating parameter sensitivity analysis and applied to a general overhead travelling crane.As updating reference data,experimental modal frequency was obtained by operational modal analysis(OMA)under ambient excitation.One dimensional damage function was defined to identify the damage by bending stiffness.The results showed that the model updating method could locate the damage and quantitatively describe the structure.The average error of eigenvalues between updated model analysis and the experimental results was less than 4% which proved the accuracy reliable.The comparison of finite element analysis and the test results of the deflection under the capacity load further verified the feasibility of this method.

Overview of the New OMAH Technique for Scaling OMA Mode Shapes

Methods for scaling mode shapes determined by operational modal analysis(OMA)have been extensively investigated in the last years.A recent addition to the range of methods for scaling OMA mode shapes is the so-called OMAH technique,which is based on exciting the structure by harmonic forces applied by an actuator.By applying harmonic forces in at least one degree-of-freedom(DOF),and measuring the response in at least one response DOF,while using at least as many frequencies as the number of mode shapes to be scaled,the mode shape scaling(modal mass)of all modes of interest may be determined.In previous publications on the method the authors have proven that the technique is easy and robust to apply to both small scale and large scale structures.Also,it has been shown that the technique is capable of scaling highly coupled modes by using an extended multiple reference formulation.The present paper summarizes the theory of the OMAH method and gives recommendations of how to implement the method for best results.It is pointed out,as has been shown in previous papers,that the accuracy of the mode scaling is increased by using more than one response DOF,and by selecting DOFs with high mode shape coefficients.To determine the harmonic force and responses,it is recommended to use the three-parameter sine fit method.It is shown that by using this method,the measurement time can be kept short by using high sampling frequency and bandpass filtering whereas spectrum based methods require long measurement times.This means that even for structures with low natural frequencies,the extra measurement time for scaling the mode shapes can be kept relatively short.

System Identification of Heritage Structures Through AVT and OMA:A Review

In this review article,the past investigations carried out on heritage structures using Ambient Vibration Test(AVT)and Operational Modal Analysis(OMA)for system identification(determination of dynamic properties like frequency,mode shape and damping ratios)and associated applications are summarized.A total of 68 major research studies on heritage structures around the world that are available in literature are surveyed for this purpose.At first,field investigations carried out on heritage structures prior to conducting AVT are explained in detail.Next,specifications of accelerometers,location of accelerometers and optimization of accelerometer networks have been elaborated with respect to the geometry of the heritage structures.In addition to this,ambient vibration loads and data acquisition procedures are also discussed.Further,the state of art of performing OMA techniques for heritage structures is explained briefly.Furthermore,various applications of system identification for heritage structures are documented.Finally,conclusions are made towards errorless system identification of heritage structures through AVT and OMA.

Finite element model updating of a large structure using multi-setup stochastic subspace identification method and bees optimization algorithm

In the present contribution, operational modal analysis in conjunction with bees optimization algorithm are utilized to update the finite element model of a solar power plant structure. The physical parameters which required to be updated are uncertain parameters including geometry, material properties and boundary conditions of the aforementioned structure. To determine these uncertain parameters, local and global sensitivity analyses are performed to increase the solution accuracy. An objective function is determined using the sum of the squared errors between the natural frequencies calculated by finite element method and operational modal analysis, which is optimized using bees optimization algorithm. The natural frequencies of the solar power plant structure are estimated by multi-setup stochastic subspace identification method which is considered as a strong and efficient method in operational modal analysis. The proposed algorithm is efficiently implemented on the solar power plant structure located in Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Iran, to update parameters of its finite element model. Moreover, computed natural frequencies by numerical method are compared with those of the operational modal analysis. The results indicate that, bees optimization algorithm leads accurate results with fast convergence.