Operational modal identification of suspension bridge based on structural health monitoring system

An output-only modal identification method by a combination use of the peak-picking method and the cross spectrum methods are presented. Meanwhile, a novel mode shape optimum method of the deck is proposed. The methods are applied to the operational modal identification system of the Runyang Suspension Bridge, which can be used to obtain the modal parameters of the bridge from out-only data sets collected by its structural health monitoring system （SHMS）. As an example, the vibration response data of the deck, cable and tower recorded during typhoon Matsa excitation are used to illustrate the program application. Some of the modal frequencies observed from deck vibration responses are also found in the vibration responses of the cable and the tower. The results show that some modal shapes of the deck are strongly coupled with the cable and the tower. By comparing the identification results from the operational modal system with those from field measurements, a good agreement between them is achieved, but some modal frequencies identified from the operational modal identification system （OMIS）, such as L1 and L2, obviously decrease compared with those from the field measurements.

Modal Analysis Using Operating Modal Identification Method

Sometimes it is very difficult for some large-scale operating structures tomeasure the input forces. Modal parameters must be estimated on response-only. A poly-referencetime-domain operating modal identification complex exponential method is presented sincecross-correlation functions have the same form as impulse response functions. Then a poly-referencefrequency-domain operating modal identification method is proposed in this paper. An experiment onan aircraft model is performed to verify the proposed schemes. The results show that both outlinedschemes can extract the parameters from output-only and the modal parameters extracted by proposedfrequency-domain method are more accurate than those by presented time-domain complex exponentialmethod.

An operational modal analysis method in frequency and spatial domain

A frequency and spatial domain decomposition method （FSDD） for operational modal analysis （OMA） is presented in this paper, which is an extension of the complex mode indicator function （CMIF） method for experimental modal analysis （EMA）. The theoretical background of the FSDD method is clarified, Singular value decomposition is adopted to separate the signal space from the noise space. Finally, an enhanced power spectrum density （PSD） is proposed to obtain more accurate modal parameters by curve fitting in the frequency domain. Moreover, a simulation case and an application case are used to validate this method.

Operational Modal Analysis of a Ship Model in the Presence of Harmonic Excitation

A ship is operated under an extremely complex environment, and waves and winds are assumed to be the stochastic excitations. Moreover, the propeller, host and mechanical equipment can also induce the harmonic responses. In order to reduce structural vibration, it is important to obtain the modal parameters information of a ship. However, the traditional modal parameter identification methods are not suitable since the excitation information is difficult to obtain. Natural excitation technique-eigensystem realization algorithm （NExT-ERA） is an operational modal identification method which abstracts modal parameters only from the response signals, and it is based on the assumption that the input to the structure is pure white noise. Hence, it is necessary to study the influence of harmonic excitations while applying the NExT-ERA method to a ship structure. The results of this research paper indicate the practical experiences under ambient excitation, ship model experiments were successfully done in the modal parameters identification only when the harmonic frequencies were not too close to the modal frequencies.

System Identification of Heritage Structures Through AVT and OMA:A Review

In this review article,the past investigations carried out on heritage structures using Ambient Vibration Test(AVT)and Operational Modal Analysis(OMA)for system identification(determination of dynamic properties like frequency,mode shape and damping ratios)and associated applications are summarized.A total of 68 major research studies on heritage structures around the world that are available in literature are surveyed for this purpose.At first,field investigations carried out on heritage structures prior to conducting AVT are explained in detail.Next,specifications of accelerometers,location of accelerometers and optimization of accelerometer networks have been elaborated with respect to the geometry of the heritage structures.In addition to this,ambient vibration loads and data acquisition procedures are also discussed.Further,the state of art of performing OMA techniques for heritage structures is explained briefly.Furthermore,various applications of system identification for heritage structures are documented.Finally,conclusions are made towards errorless system identification of heritage structures through AVT and OMA.

Operational modal parameter identification with colored noise excitation

Operational Modal Analysis(OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.

A refined Frequency Domain Decomposition tool for structural modal monitoring in earthquake engineering

Output-only structural identification is developed by a refined Frequency Domain Decomposition（rFDD） approach, towards assessing current modal properties of heavy-damped buildings（in terms of identification challenge）, under strong ground motions. Structural responses from earthquake excitations are taken as input signals for the identification algorithm. A new dedicated computational procedure, based on coupled Chebyshev Type Ⅱ bandpass filters, is outlined for the effective estimation of natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios. The identification technique is also coupled with a Gabor Wavelet Transform, resulting in an effective and self-contained time-frequency analysis framework. Simulated response signals generated by shear-type frames（with variable structural features） are used as a necessary validation condition. In this context use is made of a complete set of seismic records taken from the FEMA P695 database, i.e. all 44 ＂Far-Field＂（22 NS, 22 WE） earthquake signals. The modal estimates are statistically compared to their target values, proving the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing prompt and accurate estimates of all current strong ground motion modal parameters. At this stage, such analysis tool may be employed for convenient application in the realm of Earthquake Engineering, towards potential Structural Health Monitoring and damage detection purposes.

USING CROSS-CORRELATION THEORY TO EXTRACT MODAL PARAMETERS IN FREQUENCY- DOMAIN

Conventional modal parameter identifications are usually based on frequencyresponse functions, which require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response.However, in many cases, only response data are available while the actual excitations (such aswind/wave load) are not measurable. Modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-onlydata. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques fromoutput-only are proposed. A poly-reference frequency-domain modal identification scheme onresponse-only is presented. It is based on coupling the cross-correlation theory with conventionalfrequency-domain modal parameter extraction. An experiment using an airplane model is performed toverify the proposed method.

隐变量模型及其在贝叶斯运营模态分析的应用

贝叶斯FFT算法是运营模态分析的最新一代算法,以其准确性高、计算速度快、可有效进行不确定性度量等优点受到广泛关注。然而,现有贝叶斯FFT算法针对不同情况(稀疏模态、密集模态、多步测试等)需采用不同优化算法,且编程实现极为复杂。为此,本文旨在提出针对不同情况的贝叶斯FFT算法的统一框架,并实现模态参数的高效求解;视结构模态响应为隐变量,建立贝叶斯模态识别单步测试和多步测试的隐变量模型框架;针对提出的隐变量模型运用期望最大化算法实现各种情况下模态参数的统一贝叶斯推断,利用隐变量解耦模态参数优化过程,采用Louis等式间接求取似然函数的Hessian矩阵。通过两个实际工程测试案例,并与现有方法对比,验证所提方法的准确性和高效性。分析结果表明,本文所提算法与现有方法结果相同,但其推导简单、易编程,尤其对于密集模态识别问题具有明显的计算优势。本文为贝叶斯模态识别建立起统一的隐变量模型框架,在很大程度上简化原本繁琐且冗长的推导过程,提高计算效率,同时也为应用变分贝叶斯、吉布斯采样等算法求解贝叶斯模态识别问题提供了可能。

基于改进SSI法的加工机器人工作模态在线辨识

为提高串联式机器人的加工能力,提出一种基于改进SSI法的加工机器人工作模态在线辨识方法,该方法首先在传统SSI法的基础上进行改进,利用NExT法、模态置信因子及模态保证准则3种手段来提高加工机器人工作模态参数辨识精度。其次,利用加工机器人铣削加工振动数据对其走刀路径上关键点位出的模态频率和阻尼比进行在线辨识。最终,通过机器人切削加工实验验证该方法,实验结果表明,相比于锤击实验结果,改进SSI法模态参数辨识误差在7%以内,且相比于传统SSI法,改进SSI法模态参数辨识精度更高。因此,若仅关心模态频率及阻尼比,该方法可实现加工机器人走刀过程中模态参数的在线辨识,可为后续机器人进行工艺规划和优化提供输入条件。

考虑环境因素的桥梁动力学特性识别方法

在长期结构健康监测(SHM)中,运营模态分析(OMA)技术通常用于识别结构的动力学特性(桥梁固有频率和阻尼比)。然而,传统的OMA方法没有考虑环境变化的影响,这会影响结构参数识别的准确性。数据驱动模型虽然能够评估和预测环境变化趋势,但无法反映结构参数的物理意义。针对上述问题,笔者提出了一种考虑环境因素的桥梁动力学特性识别方法,可将运营模态分析与数据驱动模型相结合,在考虑环境变化的同时识别动力学参数,采用了贝叶斯概率框架,允许将数据中的不确定性和相关性纳入模型并通过模拟数据验证了该方法的合理性,还将其应用于一座大跨度悬索桥的吊索监测数据。结果表明:该方法可以在不同温度条件下提供较为一致的模态参数估计,同时所识别出的温度相关参数均在所预测的0.95置信区间内,并与预先发现的温度影响趋势一致,该方法能够在考虑环境因素的同时有效识别桥梁动力学特性。

结构运营模态参数识别的稀疏分量分析新方法

结合时频掩码技术和模糊C均值聚类,提出一种结构运营模态参数识别新方法。该方法根据结构振动响应的能量信息建立时频掩码,通过时频掩码求解结构模态响应,采用单自由度模态参数识别技术从模态响应中识别模态频率和阻尼比。结构振动响应能量峰值处的时频系数被依次提取,经单源点检测后采用模糊C均值聚类对其聚类,将第一个聚类中心作为模态振型。通过数值案例和框架结构试验验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法具有良好的模态参数识别精度和噪声鲁棒性。

Bayesian operational modal analysis of a long-span cable-stayed sea-crossing bridge

Sea-crossing bridges have attracted considerable attention in recent years as an increasing number of projects have been constructed worldwide.Situated in the coastal area,sea-crossing bridges are subjected to a harsh environment(e.g.strong winds,possible ship collisions,and tidal waves)and their performance can deteriorate quickly and severely.To enhance safety and serviceability,it is a routine process to conduct vibration tests to identify modal properties(e.g.natural frequencies,damping ratios,and mode shapes)and to monitor their long-term variation for the purpose of early-damage alert.Operational modal analysis(OMA)provides a feasible way to investigate the modal properties even when the cross-sea bridges are in their operation condition.In this study,we focus on the OMA of cable-stayed bridges,because they are usually long-span and flexible to have extremely low natural frequencies.It challenges experimental capability(e.g.instrumentation and budgeting)and modal identification techniques(e.g.low frequency and closely spaced modes).This paper presents a modal survey of a cable-stayed sea-crossing bridge spanning 218 m+620 m+218 m.The bridge is located in the typhoon-prone area of the northwestern Pacific Ocean.Ambient vibration data was collected for 24 h.A Bayesian fast Fourier transform modal identification method incorporating an expectation-maximization algorithm is applied for modal analysis,in which the modal parameters and associated identification uncertainties are both addressed.Nineteen modes,including 15 translational modes and four torsional modes,are identified within the frequency range of[0,2.5 Hz].

改进DBSCAN的自动工作模态分析方法

为解决随机子空间法在模态参数识别过程中自动性差、虚假模态难以识别剔除等问题,提出一种新的模态参数辨识方法。采用协方差驱动的随机子空间法(Covariance⁃driven stochastic identification,SSI⁃COV)识别系统的模态参数;根据软硬准则初步剔除虚假模态并绘制三维稳定图;对基于密度的带噪声的空间聚类算法(Density⁃based spatial clustering algorithm with noise,DBSCAN)进行改进,自动确定敏感参数ε,并对候选模态进行聚类分析;对每一簇类模态,计算模态质量评价准则(Modal quality assessment criterion,MQAC),制定筛选准则,自动剔除虚假模态并识别真实模态。利用本文方法对桁架结构、广州塔、Z24桥实例进行模态参数识别验证,结果表明该方法可实现典型工程结构的自动工作模态分析,可有效剔除非白噪声激励及测量噪声导致的虚假模态。

基于激光多普勒测振的结构工作模态分析

为验证激光多普勒测振仪快速识别高层建筑结构模态参数的适用性,提出一种采用两台远距离激光多普勒测振仪进行环境振动测试的方法。以一悬臂灯杆为例进行实测,获得振动速度响应。该方法实施便捷,测量精度能够满足要求。本文采用频域分解法(FDD)及随机子空间算法(SSI)对其模态参数进行了识别,为进一步应用于环境激励下的高层建筑等大型结构提供试验基础。结果表明,两种算法均可较好地获取结构自振频率及模态振型,自振频率差异很小,振型则几乎一致。并对灯杆进行简化的有限元分析,将模态识别结果与数值模拟结果相比,二者振型吻合较好,但自振频率略有差别。为避免模态遗漏和虚假模态,应结合多种模态识别算法进行模态分析。最后采用该方法对一超高层建筑进行环境激励下的振动实测与模态参数识别。

运行模态分析的频域空间域分解法及其应用

提出了一种基于频域空间域分解(Frequency and Spatial Domain Decomposition,FSDD)的运行模态分析方法。该法将同时具有输入和输出的试验模态分析的经典方法———复模态指示因子(Complex Mode In-dicator Function,CMIF)法拓展到了仅有输出响应的运行状态模态分析。FSDD法采用奇异值分解将信号空间和噪声空间分离开来,把奇异值曲线作为模态指示的依据,以奇异值向量作为加权函数得到每一阶模态的增强功率谱(Power Spectrum Density,PSD),进而在频域内对增强PSD曲线进行最小二乘拟合以得到准确的模态频率和阻尼参数。采用了一个二层楼仿真算例和在欧洲广为人知的瑞士Z24公路大桥实测算例来验证FSDD算法。

工作模态分析方法的应用研究

在供水管道系统中,管道系统的振动是噪声污染的主要原因,有必要对管道系统的动态特性进行深入地研究．本文对管道系统实验模型进行工作模态分析,利用带阻滤波技术对含有谐波的响应信号进行预处理,使信号满足白噪声激励条件,生成ODS FRF函数,并拟合得到系统的工作模态参数和振型．与试验模态分析结果相对比,并经实例分析,证实了该工作模态分析理论与方法的可行性,可以为供水系统的减振降噪及改造研究提供可靠的依据．

基于工作应变模态损伤识别方法的试验研究

介绍了笔者近几年提出的工作应变模态频域识别方法、基于损伤应变模态差分原理的损伤位置直接指标法、基于局域应变模态面积的损伤程度直接指标法。为了验证所提方法,开展了悬臂梁多损伤物理模型试验及数值仿真计算分析,结果表明,利用该方法识别出的工作应变模态与锤击激励下的应变模态形状相似。初步验证并完善了损伤位置、损伤程度直接指标法。位于损伤处的损伤位置直接指标值远大于非损伤处指标值,识别出的损伤位置与实际损伤位置一致;同一损伤量下的损伤程度指标值变化不大,与损伤位置、模态阶数、是否归一化无关;对于多损伤结构,只要损伤间距大于影响区范围,损伤位置、损伤程度即可按单损伤方法确定。

基于工作模态法的动力总成刚体参数识别

介绍一种基于多参考点最小二乘频域法(一种工作模态法)的刚体参数识别方法。它适用于具有阻尼和非线性刚度支承的系统(如汽车动力总成),可在实车工作情况下对动力总成的模态参数和惯性参数进行识别。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。

运行模态分析技术在船舶结构振动中的应用

运行模态分析是一种仅基于环境激励下结构的响应来提取模态参数的方法,通常假设环境激励为白噪声进行分析。实际上,船舶航行过程中所受激励十分复杂,除受海浪等随机激励外,还受到来自螺旋桨、主机等确定的单频激励。因此航行中的船舶所受激励应假设为白噪声和确定频率的激励同时存在。讨论运行模态分析方法在船舶结构中应用的可行性;在白噪声激励假设下,提出使用自互谱密度法来进行结构模态参数识别,并用简支梁实验对上述方法进行验证。最后将该方法运用于对某船航行中桅杆的振动响应数据进行分析和讨论。