Study on the Bacteriostatic Effects of 7 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines such as Ophiopogon japonicus and Comb

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of seven kinds of Chinese herbal medicine on Escherichia coil and Staphylococcus aureus in terms of unilater- al bacteriostatic effect, such as root and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, honeycomb, Panax pseudoginseng, and Allium macrostemon. [Method] Herbal active ingredients were extracted by water boiling method and a bacteriostatic experiment was per- formed by oxford cup diffusion method, to select Chinese herbs with antibacterial effects. MIC values of seven kinds of Chinese herbal medicine were determined by in vitro half-fold dilution method. [Results] Root and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, honeycomb, Panax pseudoginseng, Allium macrostemon, Juncus effusus and Xanthi- um sibiricum had bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coil and Staphylococcus au- reus in varying degrees. Xanthium and leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus performed bet- ter on Escherichia coil, with MIC values at 7.81 and 15.63 mg/ml, respectively. Panax pseudoginseng and Xanthium performed better on Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values at 15.63 and 31.25 mg/ml. And the drug＇s effect was positively correlated with the concentration. [Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum is the best bacte- riostatic effect, followed by leaf of Ophiopogon japonicus, and Juncus effusus per- forms the poorest. Panax pseudoginseng showed the best bacteriostatic effect, fol- lowed by Xanthium sibiricum and Juncus effusus performs the poorest. These pro- vide references for clinic safety.

New Steroidal Glycosides from Ophiopogon japonicus

Two new C 27 steroidal glycosides, named ophiopojaponin A (1) and B (2), together with two known ones, were isolated from the tubers of the famous traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus Ker_Gawl. The spectroscopic and chemical evidence revealed their structures to be pennogenin 3_O_[2′_O_acetyl_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (1), 26_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(22ξ, 25R)_3β, 14α, 22ξ, 26_tetrahydroxyfurost_5_ene 3_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)_β_D_glucopyranoside (2), diosgenin 3_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyrano_syl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (3) and ruscogenin 1_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_fucopyranoside (4).

A new C_(27)-steroidal glycoside from Ophiopogon japonicus

A new C27-steroidal glycoside with three known compounds were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogonjaponicus （Thunb.） Ker-Gawl. Based on the spectral analysis, including HRMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC, their chemical structures were determined as pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→ 2）-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→ 4）-13-D-gluco- pyranoside （1）, pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→ 2）-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, ophiopojaponin C （3） and ophiopogonin D （4）. 2007 Jian Zhong Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Two new steroidal glucosides from Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker-Gawl

Two new steroidal glucosides, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl （25S）-furost-5-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol l-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl- （1 → 3）-[α-h-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）]-[β-D-fueopyranoside and （25R） spirost-5-ene-3β,14α-diol-3-β-O-β-L-rhanmopyranosyl- （1 → 2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1 → 4）]-[-β-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the Ophiopogon japonicus （L.f.） Ker-Gaw. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Recognition System for Leaf Diseases of Ophiopogon japonicus Based on PCA-SVM

Taking leaf black spot,anthracnose and leaf blight of Ophiopogon japonicus as the research objects,lesions were separated by K-Means clustering segmentation technology.PCA(principal component analysis)was carried out on the 46-dimensional eigenvectors composed of color,shape and texture features,and then the multi-level classifier designed by SVM(support vector machine)was used to identify lesions.The recognition rate of the developed leaf disease recognition system of O.japonicus achieved 93.3%.The results indicates that the system is of great significance to the prevention and control of O.japonicus diseases and the modernization of O.japonicus industry.

A New Furospirostanol Saponin,Ophiofurospiside B from Ophiopogon japonicus(Thunb.) Ker-Gawl

Introduction The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus （ L. f） Ker- Gawl, which is a Chinese traditional medicine named ＂maidong＂ have been recorded to have various medical functions for curing cardiovascular diseases and bacterial infections, especially heart diseases. Phytochemical studies on this plant were reported previously. In search of new and bioactive components from Chinese traditional medicines, the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus have been investigated in this study. The present paper article covers the isolation and structure elucidation of a new furospirostanol saponin, namely, Ophiofurospiside B （compound 1 ） and two known steroidal saponins （ compounds 2 and 3）.

Two new steroidal glycosides from Ophiopogon japonicus

Two new C27-steroidal glycosides were isolated from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus. The spectral analysis and chemical evidence revealed their chemical structures to be （25R）-spirost-5,14-dien-3β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D- xylopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and ophiogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）.

Application of Multivariate Analysis Method in Evaluation of Quality and Traits of Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus

[Objectives] To study the relationship between the yield and total saponin content of Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus. [Methods]The multi-indicator function model of Sichuan O. japonicus was established by using the multivariate analysis method and taking the yield of and total saponin content of Sichuan O. japonicus as indicators. [Results] In the multivariate non-linear fitting,the Pearson correlation test was used to reduce the dimension of the model,and the significant correlated variables were rejected,leaving three independent variables: the total fresh weight of the plant( x_1),the fresh weight of the aboveground part(x_2) and the fresh weight of fibrous roots(x_3),established the total saponin( y) function model for Sichuan O. japonicus: y = a_1+a_2x_2+ a_3x_3+ a_4x_1x_2+ a_5x_1x_3+ a_6x_2x_3+ a_7x_1~2+ a_8x_2~2+ a_9x_3~2.[Conclusions]When the total fresh weight of plant,fresh weight of aboveground part and fresh weight of fibrous roots were known in Sichuan O. japonicus root tuber,the total saponin content could be estimated by polynomial of these three variables. The establishment of this functional model system is expected to provide a scientific basis for the scientific prediction of the yield and total saponin content of Sichuan O. japonicus.

Experimental Study on Content of Aqueous Extract and Total Flavonoids in Different Parts of Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus 1

[Objectives]To study the differences in the content of aqueous extract and total flavonoids in different parts of Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus 1,and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of O. japonicus resources. [Methods] According to Volume I of 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and with reference to literature methods,taking water as extraction solvent,hot dip method was used to determine the content of aqueous extract; taking ethanol as extraction solvent,the content of total flavonoids was determined using hot dip method,Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry. [Results]The content of aqueous extract and total flavonoids in the root tubers of Sichuan O. japonicus1 was higher than that of traditional O. japonicas; the content of aqueous extract in the root tubers of Sichuan O. japonicus 1 was higher than that in the leaves of Sichuan O. japonicus 1; the content of total flavonoids in leaves of Sichuan O. japonicus 1 was higher than that in the root tubers; the content of aqueous extract and total flavonoids in Sichuan O. japonicus 1 in the second year was higher than that in the first year.[Conclusions]The quality of new cultivar of Sichuan O. japonicas 1 was significantly higher than the traditional O. japonicus. Nowadays,the main part of drug use in O. japonicas is root,but as to the content of total flavonoids,fibrous roots and leaves are more dominant,it is feasible to develop and utilize the resources of flavonoids in the fibrous roots and leaves. The content of aqueous extract and total flavonoids from the second year O. japonicus was higher than that in the first year O. japonicus,but its increased amount did not meet the requirements of economic benefits.

Recognition of Ophiopogon japonicus Disease Based on Image Feature Fusion

The images of three diseases of black spot,anthracnose and leaf blight in Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus leaves were taken the research object,and the bimodal method,Otsu threshold segmentation method and K-means clustering segmentation algorithm were compared and analyzed on the images of O.japonicus.The segmentation effect showed that the K-means clustering algorithm combined with the mathematical morphology processing method could meet the segmentation requirements.Then,the color,shape,and texture information of the lesion image were extracted and fused into a feature vector.Next,the variance analysis and principal component analysis method were applied to eliminate the feature parameters with poor disease characterization ability and reduce the eigenvector dimension to 10 dimensions.Finally,the classifiers for disease identification were designed by the support vector machine,and the recognition rate reached 90%after testing.The method has the advantages of low cost,simple algorithm and high efficiency,and basically meets the requirements of practical applications.

Influence of ultrafiltration membrane on ophiopogonins and homoisoflavonoids in Ophiopogon japonicus as measured by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Ultrafiltration is one of the most fascinating technologies, which makes it possible to improve the quality of traditional medicines for application in the pharmaceutical industry. However, researchers have paid little attention to the effect of ultrafiltration membrane on traditional medicines chemical constituents. In this work, Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f) Ker-Gawl. was used as an example to illuminate the influence of ultrafiltration with different material and molecular weight cut-off(MWCO) membrane on natural chemical constituents as measured by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UFLC-IT-TOF/MS). Our results indicated that ultrafiltration membrane significantly impacted homoisoflavonoids, especially homoisoflavonoids that were almost completely retained on the polyethersulfone(PES) membrane. We also found that the larger number of aglycone hydroxy and sugar moiety in steroid saponins, the higher the transmittance. Furthermore, the passage rate(%) of ophiogenin type saponins was higher than that of others. The possible adsorptive mechanisms were hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and benzene ring interaction by π-π stacking. In conclusion, it is crucial to choose appropriate ultrafiltration membrane based on the characteristics of produce products for application of ultrafiltration technique.

涪麦冬干物质积累与分配规律

对涪麦冬[Ophiopogon.japonicus（L.f.） Ker-Gawl.cv.Fumaidong]连续两年内干物质积累与分配规律进行研究.结果表明,叶片积累干物质集中在4～11月,营养根与块根大量积累干物质在10月至翌年3月期间,其中2、3月为块根积累干物质最旺盛时期.4～9月干物质主要分配给叶片,从10月开始叶片的干物质向块根大量转移,到翌年2、3月块根所占分配比例最大.营养根所占干重比例比较稳定,平均为21.02％.根据生长发育过程中不同时期各器官发生、生长的特点,可将其生育期划分为返青期、营养根形成期、分蘖期、块根形成期和块根膨大期.涪麦冬更适宜一年生的收获制度,且最适采收时间在3月下旬,在各时期采取合理的促控措施更有利于提高块根产量.

Liposoluble chemical constituents from the fibrous root of Ophiopogonjaponicas

We investigated the chemical constituents of the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus and their cytotoxicities against Hela and Hep2 cells.Ten compounds were purified by various chromatographic techniques.Their structures were identified as 2 - hydroxylophiopogonone A（1）,5,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-7-hydroxy-3-（2 -hydroxy-4 -methoxybenzyl） chroman-4-one（2）,5,7- dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-（4 -hydroxybenzyl） chroman-4-one（3）,7,4 -dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone（4）,N-trans-coumaroyltyramine （5）,N-trans-coumaroyloctopamine（6）, N-trans-feruloyltyramine （7）, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid （8）, caffeic acid （9）, and ferulic acid （10） on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 4, 6, 7, 9, 10 were obtained from this genus for the first time. The cytotoxic activities of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 against Hela and Hep2 cells are described.