Analysis of opposing left-turn conflicts based on traffic conflict technology

The relationship between the opposing left-turn conflict and the traffic participants was analyzed in this study. Based on the traffic conflict technology, the image data were collected in a real traffic situation. The relationship was investigated under two different conditions. The number of opposing left-turn conflicts was positively correlated with the number of left-turn vehicles while the ratio of left-turn vehicles to opposing vehicles was less than 1, and showed a positive correlation with the number of opposing-through vehicles when the ratio of left-turn vehicles to opposing vehi- cles was more than 1. In other words, the opposing left-turn risk was positively correlated with the number of the minor traffic participants, which had a negative effect on the whole traffic system op- eration.

Left-turn phasing selection considering vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to pedestrian conflicts

Left-turning vehicle movement at signalized intersections with permissive left-turn phases creates safety concerns due to the higher chance of conflict with opposing-through vehicles and pedestrians.In this research,a simulation-based study was conducted to evaluate pedestrians’impact on traffic conflicts between left-turning vehicles and opposing-through vehicles(V-V conflicts)as well as traffic conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians(V-P conflicts)in the permissive left-turn phasing scenario.Intersections with different opposing-through volumes,left-turn volumes,number of opposing-through lanes,and pedestrian volumes were modeled in VISSIM,a traffic micro-simulator.The surrogate safety assessment model(SSAM)was used to estimate the number of V-V and VP conflicts.The effect of pedestrian presence on V-V and V-P conflicts was evaluated using simulation scenarios with and without pedestrian presence.Simulation results revealed that pedestrian presence increased both V-V and V-P conflicts.As pedestrian presence increased the total number of traffic conflicts,permissive left-turn phasing processed fewer left-turn vehicles to maintain the same level of intersection safety with pedestrian presence compared to the no-pedestrian scenario.Since current left-turn phasing decision guidelines do not consider the impacts of pedestrian presence,this research quantified pedestrian-influenced and pedestrian-involved left-turn traffic conflicts to determine appropriate left-turn signal phasing decisions to ensure safe and efficient crossing of pedestrians and vehicles at signalized intersections.This simulation-based study’s findings can be beneficial in the decision making of left-turn phasing selection as the before-after intersection safety performance analysis by collecting field data often resources intensive.

社会冲突控制与和谐社会建设

社会冲突是我国社会转型期存在的必然现象,社会冲突既具有正功能也具有负功能,如何对社会冲突进行有效控制和整合,也就是如何使具有负功能的社会冲突转化为具有正功能的社会冲突,是我们需要迫切解决的问题。构建社会主义和谐社会其目的事实上就是解决当前所存在的社会冲突问题,或对社会冲突进行有效控制和整合的问题,因此构建和谐社会与社会冲突控制和整合具有一致性。

赫尔利“扶蒋反共”政策解析

本文论述了赫尔利调解国共矛盾的过程,指出其“扶蒋反共”调处政策出台并不完全是出于意识形态的考虑,而是基于其对中国实际情况的错误估计和美国自身的利益需求,因此,不可能做到公平公正,而美国调处失败也是必然的。

考虑同站台换乘的地铁线路到站时刻协调

地铁线路时刻表的协调有利于节省乘客在不同线路之间的换乘时间,对于同站台换乘的情况,除了要考虑乘客换乘时间外,还需要兼顾换乘客流对冲的安全因素.本文首先建立了地铁列车到站时刻协调优化的混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型,模型以乘客总换乘时间及列车惩罚项之和最小为优化目标,包含列车到站时刻、乘客换乘行为以及换乘客流对冲三组约束条件.接着,本文构造了四个数值算例,使之涵盖两条线路发车间隔的三种关系:两者相等;两者不等且成倍数关系;两者不等且不成倍数关系.结果表明,本文模型针对线路发车间隔的三种关系,均能给出最优解,在避免或减少换乘客流对冲的情况下,使得乘客总换乘时间达到最小.

政府信息公开中的公共利益衡量（英文）

政府信息公开关涉申请人利益、第三方利益与公共利益。申清人资格的虚化和公共利益衡量制度使得公共利益成为促使信息公开的主动力。信息公开的例外事项中隐含着公共利益。在公开还是不公开信息的对极利益冲突中,公共利益成为关键的平衡器。倾向于公开的公共利益与知情权、民主政治、公众参与等价值相关,而不公开背后的公共利益则更多隐含在信息公开的例外事项中。利益主体的多元性和公共利益的两面性,加大了政府信息公开中利益衡量的复杂程度。全面而充分的利益解析并排除无关的考量因素是利益衡量的前提。公益优先和公开优先是信息公开法的制度价值,也是利益衡量的基本原则。