NOVEL FIBER GRATING SENSOR DEMODULATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON OPTICAL WAVELET FILTERING

The optical wavelet filter is designed. It can filter and choose frequency swiftly. It can realize demodulation of distributed fiber Bragg grating（FBG） measurement system. Its scanning resolution and scanning period depend on wavelet function. Wavelet function is controlled by computer. Compared to conventional scan filter, optical wavelet filtering has some advantages such as simple structure, high scan frequency, high resolution and good linearity. At last, the error of optical wavelet filter scanning procedure is analyzed. Scanning step length refers to the shifting of optical wavelet window＇s central frequency. It affects system precision directly. If scanning step length is different, the measured signal is different. The methods of reducing step length guarantee scanning periodic time are presented.

A Novel Temperature-Compensated, Intensity-Modulated Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System

An intensity-modulated, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor system based on radio-frequency （RF） signal measurement is presented. The RF signal is generated at a photodetector by two modulated optical signals reflected from the sensing FBG and a reference one. Bragg wavelength shift of the sensing FBG changes intensity of the RF signal by changing phase difference between the two optical signals, with temperature effect being compensated automatically by the reference FBG, Strain measurement with a maximum sensitivity of -0.34 μV/με has been achieved.

FIBER OPTIC TEMPERATURE MEASURING SYSTEM

This paper presents a fiber optic temperature measuring system used for measuring the temperature in many occasions. The system is of reflective type and composed of thermostatic bimetal plate, lever piston framework, optical grating and optical fiber probes. When the temperature changes, the thermostatic bimetal plate deforms. Through lever piston framework, the optical grating produces displacement in the upright direction. Thus the change of the temperature is transformed into the upright displacement of the optical grating. Optical fiber probes are used for detecting the number of streak lines of the optical grating′s displacement depending on the change of temperature. The detected signal can be transmitted to the control center through optical fiber cable up to distance of 1 km. The measurable range of this system reaches 100℃ with accuracy of ±0.2℃.

Novel Apodized Fiber Bragg GratingApplied for Medical Sensors:Performance Investigation

Sensors play an important role in shaping and monitoring human health.Exploration of methods to use Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)with enhanced sensitivity has attracted great interest in the field of medical research.In this paper,a novel apodization function is proposed and performance evaluation and optimization of the same have been made.A comparison was conducted between various existing apodization functions and the proposed one based on optical characteristics and sensor parameters.The results evince the implementation of the proposed apodization function for vital sign measurement.The optical characteristics considered for evaluation are Peak Resonance Reflectivity level,Side Lobes Reflectivity level and FullWidth HalfMaximum(FWHM).The proposed novel apodization novel function has better FWHM,which is narrower than the FWHM of uniform FBG.Sensor characteristics like a quality parameter,detection accuracy and sensitivity also show improvement.The proposed novel apodization function is demonstrated to have a better shift in wavelength in terms of temperature and pulse measurement than the existing functions.The sensitivity of the proposed apodized function is enhanced with a Poly-dimethylsiloxane coating of varying thickness,which is 6 times and 5.14 times greater than uniform Fiber Bragg grating and FBG with the proposed novel apodization function,respectively,enhancing its utilization in the field of medicine.

Effect of Temperature and Gamma-Ray Irradiation on Optical Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Grating Inscribed Radiation-Resistant Optical Fiber

A new radiation-hard germano-silicate glass optical fiber with a pure silica glass buffer and a boron-doped silica glass inner cladding was fabricated for temperature sensor application based on the fiber Bragg grating(FBG)underg-ray irradiation environment.The temperature dependences of optical attenuation at 1550.5 nm and Bragg reflection wavelength shift from 18℃to 40℃before theγ-ray irradiation were about 4.57´10^(-4)dB/℃and 5.48 pm/℃,respectively.The radiation-induced optical attenuation at 1550.5 nm and the radiation-induced Bragg reflection wavelength shift under theγ-ray irradiation with the total dose of 22.85 kGy at 35℃were about 0.03 dB/m and 0.12 nm,respectively,with theγ-ray irradiation sensitivity of 5.25´10^(-3)pm/Gy.The temperature and theγ-ray irradiation dependence of optical attenuation at 1550.5 nm in the FBG written fiber with boron-doped silica glass inner cladding were about 6 times and 4 times lower than that in the FBG written fiber without boron-doped silica glass inner cladding under a temperature change from 18℃to 40℃and theγ-ray irradiation with the total dose of 22.85 kGy at 35℃,respectively.Furthermore,the effect of temperature increase on the Bragg reflection wavelength of the FBG written fiber with boron-doped silica inner cladding was much larger about 1000 times than that of theγ-ray irradiation.However,no influence on the reflection power of the Bragg wavelengths and the full width at half maximum(FWHM)bandwidth under temperature and theγ-ray irradiation change was found.Also,after theγ-ray irradiation with the dose of 22.85 kGy,no significant change in the refractive index was found but the residual stresses developed in the fiber were slightly relaxed or retained.

High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on Bragg grating in BDK-doped photosensitive polymer optical fiber

A single-mode polymer optical fiber （POF） with highly photosensitive core doped with benzil dimethyl ketal （BDK） is fabricated and used for writing Bragg grating through the two-beam interference method. The Bragg wavelength of the grating is about 1570 nm, while the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the reflection peak is 0.3 nm. The temperature response of POF Bragg grating is theoretically analyzed and experimentally measured in contrast to silica optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG）. The result shows that the temperature character of POF Bragg grating is negative, which is opposite to the silica optical FBG. The absolute value of the temperature response of POF Bragg grating is one order of magnitude higher than that of the silica optical FBG, making POF Bragg grating appear to be very attractive for constructing temperature sensors with high resolution.

Distributed Discrimination of Strain and Temperature Based on Brillouin Dynamic Grating in an Optical Fiber

This paper reviews distributed discrimination of strain and temperature by use of an optical fiber based on fiber optic nerve systems. The preliminary method based on multiple resonance peaks of the Brillouin gain spectrum in a specially-designed fiber is firstly introduced. The complete discrimination of strain and temperature based on the Brillouin dynamic grating in a polarization maintaining fiber is extensively presented. The basic principle and two experimental schemes of distributed discrimination based on fiber optic nerve systems are demonstrated. The performance of the high discriminative accuracy （0.1 ~C-0.3 ~C and 5 kte-12~te） and high spatial resolution （-10 cm） with the effective measurement points of about 50 for a standard system configuration or about 1000 for a modified one will be highly expected in real industry applications.

Spectral analysis of the UFBG-based acousto optical modulator in V–I transmission matrix formalism

In this study, the V-I transmission matrix formalism （V-I method） is proposed to analyze the spectrum characteristics of the uniform fiber Bragg grating （FBG）-based acousto--opfic modulators （UFBG-AOM）. The simulation results demon- strate that both the amplitude of the acoustically induced strain and the frequency of the acoustic wave （AW） have an effect on the spectrum. Additionally, the wavelength spacing between the primary reflectivity peak and the secondary reflectivity peak is proportional to the acoustic frequency with the ratio 0.1425 nm/MHz. Meanwhile, we compare the amount of calculation. For the FBG whose period is M, the calculation of the V-I method is 4 × （2M-l） in addition/subtraction, 8 × （2M - 1） in multiply/division and 2M in exponent arithmetic, which is almost a quarter of the multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method. The detailed analysis indicates that, compared with the conventional multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method, the V-I method is faster and less complex.

Optical Properties of High Sensitivity Fiber Bragg Grating on Temperature Sensor

In this paper, the spectrum shift properties of the center reflection wavelength detected to be based on the FBG sensor with ambient temperature change. The basic theoretical methods and numerical simulation for the spectral properties of uniform Bragg grating is analyzed by using coupling mode theory which is optical properties of high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating on temperature sensor in accordance with experiment.

光纤光栅温度应力传感教学实验装置

针对目前市场上可直接用于光纤光栅传感实验教学的装置较少,前沿科研技术和本科实验教学相脱节现状,设计了基于光纤光栅的温度应力传感教学装置。该装置包括光纤激光器、光谱仪和上位机控制软件3部分。光纤激光器实现了1 550 nm左右的激光输出,利用光谱仪测量光纤光栅中心波长的改变,并采集数据输入计算机,上位机控制软件用于图形显示和数据存储等。该实验装置操作简单、组装灵活、重复性和稳定性好,可用于本科实验教学。将前沿科学技术引入本科实验教学,促进了科学研究与本科实验教学相融合,实现了科研教学水平的同步提高。

基于布里渊动态光栅的高灵敏度保偏光纤多参量同时解调

为了实现基于保偏光纤在布里渊动态光栅的温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力同时解调,并克服传统压力传感灵敏度不足的缺点,提出了一种边孔型高灵敏度光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法,研究了温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力与双折射频移、布里渊频移和布里渊线宽之间的关系,据此可实现多参量的同时解调。结果表明,该光子晶体光纤可以实现三参量的同时解调,且解调误差在1 MPa和1℃以内。快轴压力、慢轴压力和温度的误差均值分别为0.21 MPa、0.31 MPa和0.30℃,误差的标准差分别为0.15 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.21℃。在施加0~30 MPa的横向压力和0~100℃的温度时,该光子晶体光纤快轴方向上的压力灵敏度为-1.961 GHz/MPa,光纤慢轴方向上的压力灵敏度为1.356 GHz/MPa,其温度灵敏度为0.105MHz/℃。相较于目前最优结构的光子晶体光纤压力灵敏度提升了-957MHz/MPa。该传感器及解调方法适用于土木结构和大型机械在建造和使用过程中监测其内部所受温度和不同方向压力的变化。

基于Labview的分布式光纤光栅信号解调技术研究

分布式光纤光栅信号解调中受到通信信道的码间干扰导致信道均衡性不好,提出基于Labview的分布式光纤光栅信号解调技术。采用连续时间采样技术构建分布式光纤光栅信号采集模型,对信号输出的功率谱密度特征进行相位调制处理,在离散的维纳模型下提取分布式光纤光栅信号的偏移中心频率和单边带功率谱密度特征信息,通过Labview的调制解调技术实现对信号的调制解调处理,最后采用抗相位噪声干扰的星座图分析方法分析光纤光栅信号解调的抗干扰性和误码抑制能力。仿真结果得知,该方法进行分布式光纤光栅信号解调的抗干扰性较好,提高了信道的频谱带宽,降低了频率中心偏移,传输误码率低于0.05%,信号的传输延时维持在30μs左右,具有较强的应用性。

高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案设计

为提升光纤光栅的应用效果,为此,设计高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案。依据LPFG的光纤光栅信号解调原理,设计两个LPFG双边缘滤波器处理两路反射光,并且利用光电探测器探测光功率结果,以此解调光栅的中心波长;采用光纤干涉仪检测解调频率,对其进行正反扫描,依据光传播时延引起的解调误差和解调频率扫描方向之间的关联,完成解调结果补偿。测试结果显示:该方案具有较好可行性,光谱发生不同程度重叠时,光纤光栅信号的解调结果标准差均小于1.85 pm;光栅波长的解调误差均在-5~5 pm之间;有效降低解调误差,提升光纤光栅解调精度,可靠获取信号中的信息。

基于FBG和F-P的温度和折射率双参量传感器

提出了一种由单模布拉格光栅和多模Fabry-Perot腔级联而成的温度和折射率双参量传感器。对多模光纤的末端采用氢氟酸进行腐蚀,在腐蚀后形成的凹陷处填充紫外胶,从而形成Fabry-Perot腔。Fabry-Perot腔和单模光纤布拉格光栅级联后,构成最终的传感结构。Fabry-Perot腔对温度和折射率敏感,而光纤布拉格光栅对温度敏感而对折射率不敏感。利用上述特性,采用灵敏度矩阵法可实现对温度和折射率的同时测量。实验结果表明,传感器的温度和折射率灵敏度分别为-0.4832nm/℃和-508.64pm/RIU。该传感器具有制作工艺简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高的优点,有很好的应用前景。

平顶型CLPG-CFBG级联结构中温度应力传感特性的研究

为了使光纤光栅传感器在光纤传感系统的应用中同时具有温度应力双参量传感和通信传输的功能,提出了一种由啁啾长周期光纤光栅(CLPG)和啁啾光纤布喇格光栅(CFBG)组成的平顶型光纤光栅传感器结构。采用测量中心波长位移的方法,建立了传感器温度和应力灵敏度系数矩阵,进行了理论分析和仿真验证。结果表明,CLPG的温度和应力灵敏度大小分别为2660 pm/℃和132 pm/με;CFBG的温度和应力灵敏度大小分别为12.6 pm/℃和0.8 pm/με,且CLPG和CFBG同时都具有平顶输出光谱,平顶光谱带宽分别达到了13.8 nm和5.6 nm,该传感器可以实现温度应力双参量同时传感,具有稳定的通信传输波段。该研究为光纤光栅传感器在光纤传感系统中的应用提供了参考。

光加热光纤光栅阵列液位测量方法研究

安全可靠的液位测量是现代工业领域的重要技术需求之一,提出一种基于光加热光纤光栅阵列的液位测量方法,即利用泵浦光加热掺钴光纤,控制温度场,利用光栅阵列测量温度场分布,由于气液导热性能的差别,气液界面处温度突变,从而确定液位。实验中,将掺钴光纤与密集光栅阵列紧密固定在一起,将1.5 W的泵浦光输入衰减系数分别为0.71 dB/cm和0.28 dB/cm的掺钴光纤中,沿着光传播的方向,温度变化均呈指数函数衰减。液位测量的精度与范围由主要取决于泵浦光功率、掺钴光纤吸收系数,经对比最终选定0.28 dB/cm的掺钴光纤作为液位实验的加热光纤。实验测量了不同液位下的温度场分布,证明了利用测量温度分布来测量液位的可行性,液位变化范围0~88 mm以内的误差为2 mm。所提出的传感系统结构简单,成本低廉,在液位测量方面具有潜在的应用价值。

基于FBG的双环减敏型超低温应变传感器研究

针对超低温环境下航天火箭燃料贮箱大应变健康监测困难的难题,提出一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的双环减敏型超低温应变传感器。实验中采用低温胶进行封装处理,分别对传感器在常温和液氮环境下进行了应变测试,在(0~490)×10^(-6)测量范围内,传感器应变灵敏度分别为0.18 pm/10^(-6)和0.67 pm/10^(-6),减敏比为2.68,所设计的传感器在超低温环境下具有良好的应变减敏特性。

Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺的影响

针对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺(resonant fiber optic gyroscope, RFOG)中Y波导调制器半波电压的温度影响,开展了Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺影响的研究。建立了Y波导温致半波电压特性对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统标度因素的影响规律模型,模型表明:Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性会导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素发生变化。搭建了用于宽谱光源的Y波导调制器半波电压测试系统,系统测试精度达1 mV。实验测试了全温范围内Y波导的温致半波电压特性在基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统中的影响,测试结果表明:Y波导调制器的半波电压与温度呈线性负相关;Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素的最大相对变化误差为1 266.01×10^(-6)。

用于FBG解调的AWG芯片的设计、仿真与制备

设计、仿真并制备了一种用于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)解调的阵列波导光栅(AWG)芯片。该芯片基于SOI衬底进行制备,并在AWG的输入/输出波导、阵列波导与平板波导之间采用双刻蚀结构进行优化。经仿真,该AWG的插入损耗为1.5 dB,串扰小于-20 dB,3 dB带宽为1.5 nm。优化后的AWG芯片采用深紫外光刻技术、电感耦合等离子体等技术制备。经测试,该AWG的插入损耗为3 dB,串扰小于-20 dB,3 dB带宽为2.3 nm。搭建了基于该AWG的解调系统,解调实验结果表明,该系统在0.8 nm范围内的解调精度可达11.26 pm,波长分辨率为6 pm。

干涉式光纤陀螺跨条纹工作误差研究

在干涉式光纤陀螺中,当调制信号超出限制并进行2π复位时,调制信号输入的调制量与输入角速度间出现了2π的相位差,这使实际的干涉相位出现左移或右移2π,即跨条纹工作。在光纤陀螺闭环系统中,跨条纹工作产生的误差体现在随机游走系数和非线性度上。该文通过优化调制方案建立跨条纹误差抵消机制,可使跨条纹产生的误差互相抵消,从而提高光纤陀螺的非线性度和随机游走系数。经过仿真和实验表明该方法有效。