Optically pumped wavelength-tunable lasing from a GaN beam cavity with an integrated Joule heater pivoted on Si

Dynamically tunable laser sources are highly promising for realizing visionary concepts of integrated photonic circuits and other applications. In this paper, a Ga N-based laser with an integrated PN junction heater on Si is fabricated.The photoluminescence properties of the Ga N beam cavity are controlled by temperature, and the Joule heater provides electrically driven regulation of temperature. These two features of the cavity make it possible to realize convenient tuning of the lasing properties. The multi-functional Ga N beam cavity achieves optically pumped lasing with a single mode near 362.4 nm with a high Q-factor of 1394. The temperature of this device increases by 0–5℃ under the Joule heating effect. Then, electrical control of the lasing mode is demonstrated. The lasing resonant peak shows a continuous redshift of about 0.5 nm and the device also exhibits dynamic switching of its lasing mode. The lasing modulation can be ascribed to temperature-induced reduction of the bandgap. Our work may be of benefit for external optical modulation in future chip-based optoelectronic devices.

Transmittance investigation on capacitive mesh on thick dielectric substrates as output windows for optically pumped terahertz lasers

This paper reports that an output window for optically pumped terahertz （THz） laser has been fabricated by depositing a capacitive nickel-mesh on a thick high-resistivity silicon substrate （approximating to 5 mm thick）. Unlike the conventional process of depositing a gold film approximating to 100 nm on negative photoresist using electron-beam evaporation, a nickel film approximating to 1.5 μm thick is directly deposited on the clean surface of dielectric substrate using magnetron sputtering and then a positive photoresist is spun onto the nickel metal surface at 6000 r for 60 s. A transmittance spectrum of the output window in a certain frequency range （say, from zero to 1 THz） has been obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy. Moreover a transmittance spectrum simulated numerically has also been estimated with respect to the output window using the transmission-line model （TLM） containing attenuation component from dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the TLM can explain well the experimental curve in a certain frequency range from zero to 1 THz. Thus it is demonstrated that the improved optical component can be efficiently used as both output coupler and output window for optically pumped THz lasers.

Optically pumped room temperature lowthreshold deep UV lasers grown on nativeAlN substrates

We report here an optically pumped deep UV edge emitting laser with AlGaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs)active region grown on AlN substrate by low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy(LP-OMVPE)in a high-temperature reactor.The 21 period Al0.53Ga0.47N/Al0.7Ga0.3N MQWs laser structure was optically pumped using 193 nm deep UV excimer laser source.A laser peak was achieved from the cleaved facets at 280.3 nm with linewidth of 0.08 nm at room temperature with threshold power density of 320 kW/cm^2.The emission is completely TE polarized and the side mode suppression ratio(SMSR)is measured to be around 14 dB at 450 kW/cm^2.

Widely Tunable Middle Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by the Q-Switched Ho：GdVO_4 Laser

We demonstrate a middle infrared ZnGeP_2 optical parametric oscillator pumped by the Q-switched Ho：GdVO_4 laser. When the incident Ho pump power is 4.12 W, the maximum average output power of the ZGP-OPO laser is 2.05 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 74.6%. The ZGP-OPO laser produces 4.2 ns mid-infrared pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz. In addition, we obtain 0.8 um of tunable range for the signal wave and 2.1 um of tunable range for the idler wave.

A Mid-IR Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by an Actively Q-Switched Ho:YAG Ceramic Laser

We demonstrate a mid-IR ZnGeP2 （ZGP） optical parametric oscillator （OPO） pumped by a dual-end-pumped actively aeoasto-optie Q-switched Ho：YAG ceramic laser. The maximum average output power of 35 W is obtained at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz from the Ho：YAG ceramic laser. Under the maximum incident pump power of Ho：YAG ceramic laser, the maximum output power of 14 W is obtained from the ZGP OPO, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 49.6% with respect to the incident pump power. The wavelength can be tuned from 3.5 μm to 4.2μm （signal）, corresponding to 5.24.1 μm （idler）. The beam quality M2 is less than 2.3 from the ZGP OPO.

A 515-nm laser-pumped idler-resonant femtosecond BiB_(3)O_(6) optical parametric oscillator

We report on an idler-resonant femtosecond optical parametrical oscillator(OPO)based on BiB_(3)O_(6)(BiBO)crystal,synchronously pumped by a frequency-doubled,mode-locked Yb:KGW laser at 515 nm.The idler wavelengths of OPO can be tuned from 1100 nm to 1540 nm.At a repetition rate of 75.5 MHz,the OPO generates as much as 400 mW of idler power with 3.1 W of pump power,the corresponding pulse duration is 80 fs,which is 1.04 times of Fourier transform-limited(FTL)pulse duration at 1305 nm.In addition,the OPO exhibits excellent beam quality with M^(2)<1.8 at 1150 nm.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first idler-resonant femtosecond OPO pumped by 515 nm.

Improvement of Laser Frequency Stabilization for the Optical Pumping Cesium Beam Standard

A method is presented to improve the laser frequency stabilization for the optical pumping cesium clock. By comparing the laser frequency stabilization of different schemes, we verify that the light angle is an important factor that limits the long-term frequency stability. We minimize the drift of the light angle by using a fiber- coupled output, and lock the frequency of a distributed-feedback diode laser to the fluorescence spectrum of the atomic beam. The measured frequency stability is about 3.5 ×10^-11 at i s and reaches 1.5 × 10^-12 at 2000s. The Allan variance keeps going down for up to thousands of seconds, indicating that the medium- and long-term stability of the laser frequency is significantly improved and perfectly fulfills the requirement for the optical pumping cesium clock.

Magneto-Optical Trap for Cesium Atoms Without a Separate Repumping Laser

A magneto-optical trap (MOT) for cesium atoms that operates without a separate repumping laser is reported. The differences between a normal MOT and this kind of MOT have been experimentally studied. The influences of a repumping laser on cooling and trapping cesium atoms in the MOT have been carefully investigated. The results reveal that it is the critical injection-locked state of the diode laser that makes magneto-optical trapping of cesium atoms possible without a separate repumping laser.

A 45-μJ,10-kHz,burst-mode picosecond optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped at a second harmonic cavity

A novel high-energy picosecond optical parametric oscillator(OPO)was realized by placing an OPO in a secondharmonic(SH)cavity.In a proof-of-principle experiment,we demonstrated excellent burst energy of 45μJ for the OPO signal at 900 nm that operates at a pulse repetition rate of 10 k Hz and a pulse width of 46.8 ps.The beam quality was measured as M_(x)^(2)=1.44 and M_(y)^(2)=1.40 in the orthogonal directions,corresponding to an average beam factor M^(2)=1.42.So far,this study is the first to investigate high-energy ps OPO synchronously pumped in a second-harmonic cavity.

Simultaneous all-solid-state multi-wavelength lasers——a promising pump source for generating highly coherent terahertz waves

A diode-end-pumped Nd：YAG dual-wavelength laser operating at 1319 and 1338 nm is demonstrated. The maximum average output power of the quasi-continuous wave linearly polarized dual-wavelength laser is obtained to be 2.1 W at a repetition rate of 50 kHz with an output power instability of less than 0.38% and beam quality factor M^2 of 1.45. Using the two lines, the highly coherent and narrow linewidth terahertz radiation of 3.23 THz can be generated in an organic 4-N, N-dimethylamino-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate （DAST） crystal. Meanwhile, the multi-wavelength red laser at 659.5, 664 and 669 nm is generated by frequency doubling and sum frequency processes in a lithium triborate （LBO） crystal. The average red laser output power is enhanced up to 1.625 W at a repetition rate of 15 kHz with an output power instability of better than 0.53% and beam quality factor M^2 of 6.05. Using the three lines, it is possible to generate the multi-wavelength THz radiation of 3.3, 3.43 and 6.73 THz in an appropriate difference frequency crystal.

Experimental study of electro-optical-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser

We report the specification of a compact and stable side diode-pumped Q-switched pulsed Nd：YAG laser. We ex- perimentally study and compare the performance of the pulsed Nd：YAG laser in the free-running and Q-switched modes at different pulse repetition rates from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. The laser output energy is stabilized by using a special configu- ration of the optical resonator. In this laser, an unsymmetrical concave-concave resonator is used and this structure helps the mode volume to be nearly fixed when the pulse repetition rate is increased. According to the experimental results in the Q-switched operation, the laser output energy is nearly constant around 70 mJ with an FWHM pulse width of 7 ns at 100 Hz. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency in the Q-switched regime is 17.5%.

Off-resonant double-resonance optical-pumping spectra and their application in a multiphoton cesium magneto-optical trap

We present an investigation of double-resonance optical pumping （DROP） spectra under the condition of single-photon frequency detuning based on a cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 ladder-type system with a room-temperature vapor cell. Two DROP peaks are found, and their origins are explored. One peak has a narrow linewidth due to the atomic coherence for a counterpropagating configuration; the other peak has a broad linewidth, owing to the spontaneous decay for a coprop-agating configuration. This kind of off-resonant DROP spectrum can be used to control and offset-lock a laser frequency to a transition between excited states. We apply this technique to a multiphoton cesium magneto-optical trap, which can efficiently trap atoms on both red and blue sides of the two-photon resonance.

Double-resonance optical-pumping effect and laddertype electromagnetically induced transparency signal without Doppler background in cesium atomic vapour cell

In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type cesium atomic system （6S1/2 6P3/2-8S1/2）, this paper characterizes electro- magnetically induced transparency （EIT） in two different experimental arrangements, and investigates the influence of the double-resonance optical-pumping （DROP） effect on EIT in both arrangements. When the probe laser is weak, DROP is explicitly suppressed. When the probe laser is moderate, population of the intermediate level （6P3/2 FI = 5） is remarkable, therefore DROP is mixed with EIT. An interesting bimodal spectrum with the broad component due to DROP and the narrow part due to EIT has been clearly observed in cesium 6S1/2 F = 4-6P3/2 F^1= 5-8S1/2 F^11 = 4 transitions.

可应用于光纤激光器的高稳定度泵浦源系统研制

为了提升光纤激光器的输出性能,研制了一个高稳定度泵浦源系统,包括激光泵浦模块和外围控制系统。泵浦源系统测试结果表明,输出光功率与驱动电流之间具有良好的线性关系,输出光功率的短期稳定度为0.0613%,长期稳定度为0.1080%,而且输出光谱的中心波长在长时间持续运行中稳定不变。将该泵浦源系统应用于光纤激光器,经过连续测试,输出光谱的中心波长仅发生4 pm的偏移。

Optically pumped terahertz lasers with high pulse repetition frequency:theory and design

Optically pumped terahertz （THz） lasers with high pulse repetition frequency are designed. Such a laser includes two parts： the optically pumping laser and the THz laser. The structures of the laser are described and analyzed. The rate equations for the pulsed THz laser are given. The kinetic process and laser pulse waveform for this kind of laser are numerically calculated based on the theory of rate equations. The theoretical results give a helpful guide to the research of such lasers.

Optically pumped semiconductor nanowire lasers

This paper reviews our recent work on fabrication, optical characterization and lasing application of semiconductor nanowires, with brief introduction of related work from many other groups.

LD端面泵浦Tm:SrF_(2)电光调Q激光器

高掺杂浓度的Tm^(3+)增益介质能通过交叉弛豫过程提高激光器的量子效率,但同时也会增加能量上转换带来的损耗,从而限制激光器效率的进一步提升。对Tm:SrF_(2)晶体的荧光特性以及激光性能展开研究。在激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦下,实现最大功率2.99 W的自由运转输出,激光器的泵浦阈值为0.89 W,中心波长1851 nm,斜效率高达82.1%。采用KTP电光调Q开关演示了Tm:SrF_(2)激光器的电光调Q输出特性。在500 Hz重复频率下,获得了1.02 mJ的最大单脉冲能量,泵浦阈值为2.01 W,最短脉冲宽度为45 ns,对应峰值功率为22.67 kW。实验结果表明,基于LD泵浦的Tm:SrF_(2)激光器具有非常高的效率,有望成为中红外光学参量振荡器(OPO)和光学参量放大器(OPA)的理想泵浦源。

4H-SiC衬底上生长参数对AlGaN基深紫外多量子阱受激辐射特性的影响

SiC衬底是制备高性能AlGaN基深紫外激光器的良好候选衬底。采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法在4H-SiC衬底上生长了深紫外AlGaN/AlN多量子阱结构(MQWs),系统研讨了MQWs生长参数对深紫外激光结构自发辐射和受激辐射特性的影响规律。综合分析MQWs的表面形貌和发光性能后发现,随着NH_(3)流量增加和生长温度升高,MQWs表面粗糙度降低,内量子效率提升。经优化,MQWs的内量子效率达到74.1%,室温下的激射阈值光功率密度和线宽分别为1.03 MW/cm~2和1.82 nm,发光波长为248.8 nm。这主要归因于高的NH3流量和生长温度抑制了有源区中的碳杂质并入,载流子辐射复合效率和材料增益增加;同时生长速率降低,改善了MQWs结构的表面形貌,降低了界面散射损耗。采用干法刻蚀和湿法腐蚀的复合工艺制备了光滑陡直的谐振腔,激光器的腔面损耗降低,阈值光功率密度和线宽进一步降低至889 kW/cm~2和1.39 nm。

压电陶瓷调制激光回馈外腔的实验和分析

为了研究微片激光器的光回馈效应的调制方式对激光器光灵敏度的影响,采用不同调制电压、频率驱动压电陶瓷(PZT)来调谐微片激光器外腔的方法,观察光回馈条纹幅值和灵敏度的变化情况,并结合复合腔等效模型进行了数值仿真和分析。结果表明,增大PZT调制频率,使其越靠近激光器的弛豫振荡频率,光放大效果越明显,输出幅值和PZT调制频率具有相同变化趋势;PZT调制频率不变,将140 mA抽运电流调小至出光阈值电流约100 mA,弛豫振荡峰值会逐渐靠近PZT移频调制量,能主动放大回馈光,增益可高达105;光灵敏度与PZT移频量相对弛豫振荡峰值的距离有关,两者越接近,光灵敏度则越强;经PZT调制的激光回馈系统相对声光调制,有降低成本、易于调节的优势。该研究为联动调节抽运电流和PZT调制量获得幅值合适、噪声小的光回馈条纹提供了参考。

用于太阳光泵浦光纤激光聚光系统的改进型复合抛物面聚光器的设计

为研制适用于太阳光泵浦光纤激光器的聚光系统,在分析了传统复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)用于耦合光纤的可行性及其缺陷的基础上,提出了一种改进型CPC用于光纤耦合。完成了由主级抛物面反射镜和次级改进型CPC组成的太阳光泵浦多级聚光方案,并与普通CPC和透镜组构成次级聚光器的方案以及无次级聚光器的方案进行了对比。光线追迹仿真模拟结果表明:改进型CPC能够克服普通CPC出射光线发散的缺陷,从而提高与光纤的耦合效率,当主镜接收角度在±0.55°范围内,其耦合效率维持在93.53%-96.43%,该结果优于其他方案。