Optical investigations on lean combustion improvement of natural gas engines via turbulence enhancement

In the global background of“Carbon Peak”and“Carbon Neutral”,natural gas engines show great advantages in energy-saving and pollution reduction.However,natural gas engines suffer from the issues of combustion instabilities when operating under lean burning conditions.In this paper,the role of turbulence enhancement in improving the lean combustion of natural gas was investigated in an optical SI engine with high compression ratios.Variable swirl control valves(SCV)were designed and intake tumble and swirl were combined to regulate turbulent motion and turbulent intensity.Particle image velocimetry was employed to measure in-cylinder turbulence,and transient pressure acquisition and high-speed photography were synchronously performed to quantify combustion evolutions.The results show that incylinder turbulent intensity is enhanced significantly through reducing SCV closing angles.Such that flame propagation speed and thermal efficiency are significantly improved with an increment of turbulent intensity,which indicated that mean effective pressures are not sensitive to spark timing.The analysis of flame images shows that the combined turbulence increases in the radial orientation from the spark plug to the cylinder wall,leading to an earlier flame kernel formation and a faster burning rate.Therefore,the combined turbulence has the potential in reducing the cyclic variations of lean combustion in natural gas engines.

Simulation of Turbulent Combustion Flame Feature Based on Fractal Theory for SI Engines

The flame structure of gasoline engine is complicated and has the characteristic of fractal geometry. A fractal combustion model was used to simulate the engine working cycle. Based on this model, the fractal dimension and laminar flame surface area of turbulent premixed flames were studied under different working conditions. The experimental system mainly includes an optical engine and a set of photography equipment used to shoot the images of turbulent flame of spark-ignition engine. The difference box-counting method was used to process 2D combustion images. In contrast to the experimental results, the computational results show that the fractal combustion model is an effective method of simulating the engine combustion process. The study provides a better understanding for flame structure and its propagation.

Science and technology of atmospheric effects on optical engineering：Progress in 3rd quinquennium of 21st century

Brief introduction with remarks is given for recent work in optical properties of turbulent and turbid atmospheres and their effects on optical engineering. Emphasis about turbulence investigation is paid on spatial structure characteristics of optical turbulence,turbulence profiling with lidar technology, and turbulence prediction based on mesoscale atmospheric model. Discussion of turbid atmosphere study is focused on light scattering by non-spherical aerosol particles, high resolution atmospheric transmittance from solar radiation measurement, total sky imaging with high spectral resolution, and the modulation transfer function of a turbid medium. Key points about light propagation through turbulence include non-Kolmogorov turbulence effects, probability distribution models of scintillation, and combined beam propagation. Atmospheric effects on quantum communication are discussed, and statistical characteristics of atmospheric effects on optical engineering are introduced.

Optical engineering of infrared PbS CQD photovoltaic cells for wireless optical power transfer systems

Infrared photovoltaic cells(IRPCs)have attracted considerable attention for potential applications in wireless optical power transfer(WOPT)systems.As an efcient fber-integrated WOPT system typically uses a 1550 nm laser beam,it is essential to tune the peak conversion efciency of IRPCs to this wavelength.However,IRPCs based on lead sulfde(PbS)colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)with an excitonic peak of 1550 nm exhibit low short circuit current(Jsc)due to insufcient absorption under monochromatic light illumination.Here,we propose comprehensive optical engineering to optimize the device structure of IRPCs based on PbS CQDs,for 1550 nm WOPT systems.The absorption by the device is enhanced by improving the transmittance of tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)in the infrared region and by utilizing the optical resonance efect in the device.Therefore,the optimized device exhibited a high short circuit current density of 37.65 mA/cm^(2)under 1 sun(AM 1.5G)solar illumination and 11.91 mA/cm^(2)under 1550 nm illumination 17.3 mW/cm^(2).Furthermore,the champion device achieved a record high power conversion efciency(PCE)of 7.17%under 1 sun illumination and 10.29%under 1550 nm illumination.The PbS CQDs IRPCs under 1550 nm illumination can even light up a liquid crystal display(LCD),demonstrating application prospects in the future.

Experimental Analysis of Beam Pointing System Based on Liquid Crystal Optical Phase Array

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an elementary non-mechanical beam aiming and steering system with a single liquid crystal optical phase array （LC-OPA） and charge-coupled device （CCD）. With the conventional method of beam steering control, the LC-OPA device can realize one dimensional beam steering continuously. An improved beam steering strategy is applied to realize two dimensional beam steering with a single LC-OPA. The whole beam aiming and steering system, including an LC-OPA and a retroreflective target, is controlled by the monitor. We test the feasibility of beam steering strategy both in one dimension and in two dimension at first, then the whole system is build up based on the improved strategy. The experimental results show that the max experimental pointing error is 56 μrad, and the average pointing error of the system is 19 t.trad.