Exploration of standard dosage for GnRH antagonist protocol and dosage adjustments after premature luteinizing hormone surge

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has emerged as an efficacious alternative to the GnRH agonist protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, and has been demonstrated applicability in infertile female patients with diverse ovarian responses. While the clinical implementation of the antagonist COH protocol has achieved widespread consensus, opportunities for refinement persist. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of GnRH antagonist protocol, the selection of optimal standard doses, and the strategies for adjusting antagonist doses after the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, aiming to provide more reasonable and scientific recommendations for the application of this scheme.

Optimization of the Plugging Agent Dosage for High Temperature Salt Profile Control in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

After steam discharge in heavy oil reservoirs,the distribution of temperature,pressure,and permeability in different wells becomes irregular.Flow channels can easily be produced,which affect the sweep efficiency of the oil displacement.Previous studies have shown that the salting-out plugging method can effectively block these channels in high-temperature reservoirs,improve the suction profile,and increase oil production.In the present study,the optimal dosage of the plugging agent is determined taking into account connection transmissibility and inter-well volumes.Together with the connectivity model,a water flooding simulation model is introduced.Moreover,a non-gradient stochastic disturbance algorithm is used to obtain the optimal plugging agent dosage,which provides the basis for the high-temperature salting-out plugging agent adjustment in the field.

RESEARCH ON OPTIMAL OPERATION OF WATER PRODUCING SYSTEM

Basing on a viewpoint of all sided water producing system,a comprehensive analysis of the operation status and the relationship between each working unit in water producing system,including coagulation,sedimentation and filtration etc.was made.By investigating the influence of backwashing consumption,the amount of sludge ejected from sedimentation tank and coagulant ratio upon the cost,the cost effective function of the system was presented.Afterwards,the solution was found out and the corresponding computer program was developed.When applied with real world data,it proved that this method significantly reduced the water producing cost.

Dosage of L-arginine Preventing Acute High-dose PDD Nephrotoxicity

Objective： To explore the optimal dose of L-arginine to prevent acute high-dose （HD）-PDD nephrotoxicity. Methods： 128 cases using PDD with the dosage of 100 mg/m^2 within two days （D1, 2） in combination with L-arginine were randomly divided into 3 groups of A, B and C. The dosages of L- arginine in the 3 groups were 5 g/（m^2·d）, 10 g/（m^2·d） and 15 g/（m^2·d）, respectively. Each patient received 2 cycles chemotherapy to form self control： 1 cycle combined with L-arginine, while 1 cycle chemotherapy alone, β2-MG in urine, BUN, Cr and uric acid in blood were detected just 24 h before and after using PDD. The changes of each index in the three groups were observed in the presence or absence, and the therapeutic effects were compared among the three groups. Results： There was no significant difference in BUN, Cr and uric acid in blood before and after chemotherapy in the presence or absence, showing these indexes could not be used as markers of early acute nephrotoxicity. Urine β2-MG values in the presence and absence were 0.9120±0.6618 vs 1.5167±0.7908 （P〈0.05）, 0.5404±0.5810 vs 1.4616±0.8120 （P〈0.01）, 0.4998±0.6210 vs 1.5210±0.7710 （P〈0.01） in the groups A, B and C respectively. The excellent effective rate and total effective rate in groups A, B and C were 40.9% and 59.1%, 68.2% and 90.9%, and 77.5% and 97.5%, respectively. There was significant difference in the excellent effective rate and total effective rate between groups A and B, but not between groups B and C. Conclusion： The optimal dose of L- arginine to prevent acute HD-PDD nephrotoxicity is 10 g/（m^2·d）. Increased dosage can＇t improve the effect accordingly.

Weak Expansive Soil Physical Properties Modification by Means of a Cement-Jute Fiber

Sixteen groups of comprehensive tests have been conducted to investigate the modifications in the physical properties of a weak expansive soil due to the addition of a cement jute fiber.The tests have been conducted to analyze the liquid plastic limit,the particle distribution and the free expansion rate.The results show that:(1)With an increase in the cement-jute fiber content,the free expansion rate of the modified expansive soil gradually decreases,however,such a rate rebounds when the fiber content exceeds 0.5%and the cement content exceeds 6%.(2)With an increase in the cement percentage,the particle unevenness coefficient(Cu)and curvature coefficient(Cc)of the modified expansive soil tend to grow gradually.The Cc coefficient reaches 1.0 when the cement content is 6%.The unevenness coefficient of 16 soil samples is greater than 5.0,however,the Cu coefficient decreases when the cement content reaches 6%.(3)The plastic limit of soil increases as the cement content is made higher,while the liquid limit and plastic index decrease gradually.When the content of the modified material is 2%+0.1%~2%+0.7%(Cement content+jute fiber content),the change of particle size distribution is most obvious.(4)When the contents of cement and jute fiber are is 6%and 0.5%,respectively,the modification induced in the physical properties of soil samples corresponds to the best case.

Effect of 532 nm Laser Irradiation on Vc Content in Cabbage Seedlings

[ Objective ]The aim of this study was to discuss the feasibility of breeding cabbage with high Vc by 532 nm laser.[ Method ] With the material of cabbage, the embryo of cabbage seeds was irradiated by frequency doubled Nd ：YAG laser with different power densities and time, and the effects of laser mode on functional leaf area, chlorophyll and Vc contents in cabbage seedlings were also studied. [Result] The results showed that functional leaf area and chlorophyll content were related to laser power density and time when laser power density was 2 -20 mW/mm^2, while the optimal effect was observed at 14 mW/mm^2 for 1 min. The content of Vc in cabbage seedlings was related to dosage of laser irradiation when irradiating time ranged from 1 to 5 min, and the optimal effect was observed at 2.8 J （20 mW/mm^2, 3 min）. [Conclusion] Irradiating the embryo of cabbage seeds with proper irradiation dosage of 532 nm laser can increase its effect on the Vc content significantly.

Experimental Study on Determining the Optimum Cigarette Butt Content of Modified Bituminous Mixture of Cigarette Butts

China ranks first in the world as the number of smokers. The environmental pollution and recycling problems of waste cigarette butts are becoming more and more serious. How to make better reuse of waste cigarette butts has been taken action by some countries and regions in the world. In order to study the utilization value of the cigarette butt in road performance, this test takes No. 70 matrix bitumen and waste tobacco as raw material. The optimum amount of the content of the cigarette butt in the experiment is further determined based on the test performance of the modified asphalt mixture and the modified bitumen mixture is prepared by the addition method. The performance indexes of modified bituminous mixture with different dosages were tested and studied. Combined with production and economic realities, the optimum cigarette butt content of modified asphalt mixture is determined to make the road performance optimal. This paper focuses on the determination of the best bituminous content of the bituminous mixture. Through the toxicity test of the leachate published abroad to reflect the pollution of the cigarette butt to the environment and analyze the harm to the environment, combined with the development of global reusing technology and the economic benefits brought by cigarette butts, the prospect of the utilization of waste cigarette butts is forecasted.

Determination of the Dose of PAC in Ultrafiltration System for Drinking Water Treatment

Immersed ultrafiltration (UF) process was chosen to treat the raw water of the Yangtze River. In order to control the membrane fouling, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to the UF tank for removing natural organic matter (NOM). The optimal dosage of PAC was investigated in the PAC/UF combined process. UV254 was used to measure the organic matter adsorbed by PAC. And the results show that the maximum elimination can be achieved while the dosage of PAC is 60mg/L. However, the elimination can not reduce the rate of membrane fouling which indicates that the organic matter absorbed by PAC is not the only factor leading to the fouling and the overload of PAC also contributes to the fouling. Therefore, the optimal dosage of PAC should be determined by organic matter removal as well as membrane fouling control. The ultimately optimized dosing of PAC is 20mg/L in this study, and the average removal rate of the PAC/UF process for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, and CODMn are 42.6%, 63.4%, and 45.7% respectively.

How to determine the dosage of oral progesterone among patients with menstrual disorders？

Background Few studies have given suggestions on appropriate individual progesterone dosage in patients with progesterone deficiency. This study was designed to provide a reference for the clinical use of oral progesterone by exploring the relationship among Body Mass Index （BMI）, dosage of progesterone, and serum progesterone concentration. Many gynecology and obstetrics doctors are unfamiliar with progesterone treatment. Our study is intended to help determine the dosage of oral progesterone. Methods This was a block randomized, open-label, prospective clinical trial. Eighty women undergoing cessation of menses were recruited, given oral progesterone therapy for 10 consecutive days. They were randomly assigned to four groups （four different doses of progesterone, n=20）： group A 100 rag/d, group B 200 rag/d, group C 300 mg/d, and group D 400 mg/d. Results Seventy-four patients （92.5%, 74/80） completed the study. It was observed that administration of progesterone significantly increased serum progesterone concentration in the four groups （all P 〈0.001）. And there is a positive correlation between the increase and dosage （rp=0.613, P 〈0.001）. A further linear regression analysis found the major regression equation： when 18.5 kg/m^2 -≤BMI 〈24 kg/m^2, Y=8.4820×10^0.003x （R^2=0.425, P 〈0.001）; Y was the increase of serum progesterone concentration in nmol/L, and X was the dosage of oral progesterone in mg/d. Conclusions Serum progesterone levels went up linearly as the dosage increased. The higher the patient＇s BMI, the higher dosage would be needed to achieve the same serum progesterone for different patients can be roughly calculated progesterone concentration. The appropriate dosage of ora in light of the results of this study.