A Novel Bi-Level VSC-DC Transmission Expansion PlanningMethod of VSC-DC for Power System Flexibility and Stability Enhancement

Investigating flexibility and stability boosting transmission expansion planning(TEP)methods can increase the renewable energy(RE)consumption of the power systems.In this study,we propose a bi-level TEP method for voltage-source-converter-based direct current(VSC-DC),focusing on flexibility and stability enhancement.First,we established the TEP framework of VSC-DC,by introducing the evaluation indices to quantify the power system flexibility and stability.Subsequently,we propose a bi-level VSC-DC TEP model:the upper-level model acquires the optimal VSC-DC planning scheme by using the improved moth flame optimization(IMFO)algorithm,and the lower-level model evaluates the flexibility through time-series production simulation.Finally,we applied the proposedVSC-DC TEPmethod to the modified IEEE-24 and IEEE-39 test systems,and obtained the optimalVSCDC planning schemes.The results verified that the proposed method can achieve excellent RE curtailment with high flexibility and stability.Furthermore,the well-designed IMFO algorithm outperformed the traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO)and moth flame optimization(MFO)algorithms,confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The Effect of Mass Ratio and Air Damper Characteristics on the Resonant Response of an Air Damped Dynamic Vibration Absorber

In this paper, it is shown that, a road vehicle 2DOF air damped quartercar suspension system can conveniently be transformed into a 2DOF air damped vibrating system representing an air damped dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) with an appropriate change in the ratio μ of the main mass and the absorber mass i.e. when mass ratio μ >> 1. Also the effect of variation of the mass ratio, air damping ratio and air spring rate ratio, on the motion transmissibility at the resonant frequency of the main mass of the DVA has been dis- cussed. It is shown that, as the air damping ratio in the absorber system increases, there is a substantial decrease in the motion transmissibility of the main mass system where the air damper has been modeled as a Maxwell type. Optimal value of the air damping ratio for the minimum motion transmissibility of the main mass of the system has been determined. An experimental setup has been designed and developed with a control system to vary air pressure in the damper in the absorber system. The motion transmissibility characteristics of the main mass system have been obtained, and the optimal value of the air damping ratio has been determined for minimum motion transmissibility of the main mass of the

Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.

Design, Development and Testing of an Air Damper to Control the Resonant Response of a SDOF Quarter-Car Suspension System

An air damper possesses the advantages that there are no long term changes in the damping properties, there is no dependence on working temperature and additionally, it has less manufacturing and maintenance costs. As such, an air damper has been designed and developed based on the Maxwell type model concept in the approach of Nishihara and Asami [1]. The cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper characteristics such as air damping ratio and air spring rate have been studied by changing the length and diameter of the capillary pipe between the air cylinder and the air tank, operating air pressure and the air tank volume. A SDOF quarter-car vehicle suspension system using the developed air enclosed cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper has been analyzed for its motion transmissibility characteristics. Optimal values of the air damping ratio at various values of air spring rate have been determined for minimum motion transmissibility of the sprung mass. An experimental setup has been developed for SDOF quarter-car suspension system model using the developed air enclosed cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper to determine the motion transmissibility characteristics of the sprung mass. An attendant air pressure control system has been designed to vary air damping in the developed air damper. The results of the theoretical analysis have been compared with the experimental analysis.

SOFIM柴油机气波增压研究

将SOFIM涡轮增压中冷柴油机改造成气波增压中冷柴油机。匹配气波增压器的柴油机需重新设计进、排气管,根据气波增压的要求,采用进气均匀性更好、总管容积更大的进气管及中央出口渐扩式排气管,采用变频电机优化增压器转子与曲轴间的传动速比,使得在整个发动机工况内均能实现较高的增压比。试验结果表明,气波增压柴油机的动力性和排放性能在低转速下优于原机,在中高转速下比原机差,通过设计容量更大的进、排气管及进一步优化速比可改善气波增压柴油机在高工况下的性能。

基于改进的粒子群算法抑制OFDM的峰均比

针对电力线系统中OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)信号高峰均比的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法。该算法在搜索部分传输序列法的相位因子时将位置更新周期分为两个步骤,第一步粒子的位置受上一次扭曲信息的补偿后搜索位置;第二步获知其他粒子的位置以及适应度函数值,利用扭曲函数获得扭曲信息。算法按此周期进行搜索使其快速收敛。仿真结果表明,此算法与基于种群分类与动态学习因子的粒子群算法相比,搜索的复杂度能有效的降低。

基于凸优化的自适应子载波调制OFDM雷达波形优化设计

为解决正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达的发射-接收联合优化问题,提出了基于凸优化的自适应子载波调制的波形优化方法。针对高距离分辨目标检测,给出基于最优匹配照射的子载波调制OFDM雷达系统模型。建立在OFDM信号峰均比(PAPR)约束下最大化匹配滤波器输出信噪比(SNR)的目标函数,将其转化为二阶规划标准形式并采用凸优化算法进行求解,优化发射波形。仿真结果表明基于凸优化方法的自适应子载波调制OFDM雷达信号波形的SNR为30.1 dB,PAPR为0.8 dB。SNR受到3.7 dB的损失,但大大降低了PAPR,实现了信噪比和峰均比之间的良好折中。

基于改进离散粒子群的OFDM系统峰均比抑制

部分传输序列(PTS)是抑制正交频分复用系统峰均比的有效方法之一,但该算法需要进行最佳相位因子的全遍历搜索,存在计算复杂度偏高的问题.因此针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于离散粒子群优化PTS的峰均比抑制算法.所提算法首先定义了一种新的确定惯性权重的方法,然后引入变异算子对原始速度更新公式进行改进,解决了传统离散粒子群算法易于早熟,往往很难收敛到全局最优的缺陷.仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能获得优于传统DPSO算法0.3 dB左右的PAPR性能,且计算复杂度低于传统PTS算法.

O-OFDM系统中基于相关性分析的改进PTS算法

为了解决光正交频分复用系统的高峰均功率比问题,提出了一种基于相关性分析的部分传输序列算法.该算法通过分析备选信号之间的相关性,将强相关信号和弱相关信号进行分类,对强相关信号进行选择性搜索,对弱相关信号进行全搜索,这样在整体上了减少搜索次数.此外,通过分析备选相位因子序列之间的关系,优化相位因子加权过程.仿真结果表明,在三种分割状态下,均能有效改善系统峰均功率比,尤其在交织分割状态下,该算法与传统部分传输序列算法相比,实现了无峰均功率比性能损失,且计算复杂度得到大幅度降低.

O-OFDM系统中基于采样点位置分组优化的PTS算法

针对光正交频分复用(OFDM)系统峰均功率比(PAPR)过高的问题,提出了基于采样点位置分组优化的部分传输序列(SG-PTS)算法.将采样位置按交织分割的方式进行分组,分别对不同位置上的数据单独优化,削弱了不同位置的备选采样点数据使用相同的相位因子序列的限制,有效改善了光正交频分复用系统的峰均功率比性能.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法相比于传统部分传输序列算法,在计算复杂度和误码率性能基本相同的情况下,峰均功率比性能随着采样点位置分组数的增加而改善明显.当子载波数N=256,相位因子数W=2,子块数M=4和M=8,采样点位置分为2组时,峰均功率比性能分别提升0.1dB和0.2dB左右;采样点位置分为4组时,峰均功率比性能可分别改善0.4dB和0.7dB左右.

A Scenario-Based Robust Transmission Network Expansion Planning Method for Consideration of Wind Power Uncertainties

This paper uses a novel scenario generation method for tackling the uncertainties of wind power in the transmission network expansion planning(TNEP)problem.A heuristic moment matching(HMM)method is first applied to generate the typical scenarios for capturing the stochastic features of wind power,including expectation,standard deviation,skewness,kurtosis,and correlation of multiple wind farms.Then,based on the typical scenarios,a robust TNEP problem is presented and formulated.The solution of the problem is robust against all the scenarios that represent the stochastic features of wind power.Three test systems are used to verify the HMM method and is compared against Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array(OA)method.The simulation results show that the HMM method has better performance than the OA method in terms of the trade-off between robustness and economy.Additionally,the main factors influencing the planning scheme are studied,including the number of scenarios,wind farm capacity,and penalty factors,which provide a reference for system operators choosing parameters.

兼顾传输功率和衰减因素的同轴线半径比优化方法

针对传统的通用型同轴线产品设计、制造基础理论缺陷和目前微波采油现场利用地下石油管构建超长、功率容量大及能量损耗小的井筒同轴线工程需求,进行通用型同轴线结构优化理论和设计方法研究;突破经典的单因素优化方法约束,基于同轴线上传输功率、能量损耗与衰减系数三者之间固有的物理关系,构造兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响的目标函数数学模型;提出同轴线半径比优化设计方法。结果表明:通用型同轴线的外、内导体半径比最优值为2.11,特性阻抗标称值为45Ω;同轴线传输特性对其导体半径比的变化很敏感,应用经典的单因素优化结果不能满足使用要求,只有兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响才能使通用型同轴线具有通用性功能,本文的理论结果与同轴线单模传输公式相结合,构成了完整的通用型同轴线结构优化设计理论体系。

基于磁耦合谐振的多自由度电机无线电能传输

针对多自由度电机无线电能传输中传输效率较低的问题,提出基于磁耦合谐振的多自由度电机无线电能传输方法。该方法根据共振原理构建磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输模型,通过反射系数描述阻抗匹配状态,获取最佳负载阻抗;采用混沌优化算法优化电机线圈损耗率,实现多自由度电机无线电能传输优化。实验结果表明,应用该方法后,多自由度电机的电能输出功率达到了893 W,传输效率提升了0.10以上,提高了电能输出功率和传输效率,方法有效,具备可行性。

基于直流外送的水风光大基地最优容量配比研究

水风光大基地一体化运行是提高直流外送通道利用率、增加清洁能源电量、降低成本电价的重要方式,其难点在于确定风光水大基地的最优容量配比。首先构建水风光大基地系统模型,然后以投资经济性最优为目标,以风光水出力特性、直流通道输送容量为约束,建立时序生产模拟模型,并采用分支定界法求解模型。以金下界河上的梯级电站为例,通过对比不同水风光配比下的新增电量、提升设备利用率和成本电价,给出兼顾环保性、安全性、经济性的最优配比。研究结果可为水风光大基地电规划与建设提供参考依据。

高速重载弧齿锥齿轮齿面多目标优化设计

以提高弧齿锥齿轮强度性能和减振降噪为出发点,基于TCA(Tooth contact analysis)、LTCA(Load tooth contact analysis)及局部综合法建立高重合度与低啮合转换处传动误差幅值的齿面多目标优化设计模型;利用带精英策略非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)优化3个齿面2阶接触参数,根据目标函数重要程度从Pareto最优解集中选择最终优化解。结果表明:给定工况下,优化后的2阶参数使得弧齿锥齿轮副重合度增加了16.69%,啮合转换处传动误差幅值降低了87.33%;同时承载传动误差均值、齿面接触应力均值与大小轮齿根弯曲应力均值分别降低了11.82%、0.25%、12.32%和13.61%,改善了齿轮副的强度性能和啮合性能,实现了减振降噪的效果。

面向多类型土壤有机碳定量反演的天基高光谱探测参数研究

星载高光谱仪器的光谱通道以及光谱分辨率和信噪比等核心参数设置直接影响土壤有机碳定量反演精度。本研究开展了卫星载荷光谱分辨率、信噪比、光谱特征波段对不同土壤类型有机碳反演影响的研究,提出了基于大气传输模型、光谱分辨率分析模型、信噪比分析模型、特征波段的提取分析模型以及偏最小二乘回归反演模型的面向不同土壤类型有机碳监测的高光谱卫星“地面-大气-仪器-观测-反演”全链路仿真分析方法,实现了土壤类型、大气效应、仪器特性参数、反演方法的耦合影响分析。结果表明:①3种类型土壤有机碳反演的最佳光谱分辨率均在10~20 nm。②不同土壤类型对观测的信噪比需求不同。对于Phaeozem的有机碳监测,较另外两种土壤有更高的信噪比需求。③在不同特征波段提取分析方法下所需的最佳光谱分辨率和信噪比一致。不同类型土壤光谱数据提取出的特征波段不同,其中反演效果最佳的土壤类型为Chernozem,特征波段数为26个,R^(2)=0.8265,RMSE=3.4389 g/kg。④反演模型与仪器特性参数无耦合关系,同一类型土壤不同反演算法的最佳光谱分辨率和信噪比需求一致。⑤Chernozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率15 nm,信噪比大于506.66,特征波段提取数为26个;Kastanozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率17 nm,信噪比大于331.42,特征波段提取数为22个;Phaeozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率15 nm,信噪比大于432.51,特征波段提取数为19个。

基于Simulink的匹配滤波器设计与实验

针对匹配滤波器教学内容中缺乏相关课程实验与实现的教学环节,基于Simulink仿真平台搭建了二进制确知数字信号的匹配滤波型最佳接收机架构,并采用了四种传输函数进行对比验证。这一实验教学活动的引入有助于增强教学内容的趣味性,激发学生的学习热情,使原本抽象且枯燥的知识点变得具体、生动形象,提升了学生对匹配滤波器原理的理解与应用能力。

铁氧体传输线电压测量用自积分电容分压器设计

为了研究铁氧体传输线对脉冲前沿的陡化机理,研制了6个耦合式自积分电容分压器测量传输线不同位置的电压波形,以此来分析脉冲前沿的陡化过程。首先通过Pspice建立电容分压器的等效电路模型,从时域和频域上分析了同轴信号电缆匹配方式及低压臂补偿电容的杂散电感对电容分压器测量输出的影响,提出采用多个电容并联的PCB同轴结构减小其杂散电感对脉冲高频振荡的影响,然后根据传输线结构设计了一种低杂散电感的耦合式电容分压器,通过Comsol仿真计算出高、低压臂电容值并推导了理论分压比。实验测试了电容分压器工作于D-dot模式和自积分模式时的输出信号,对分压器的分压比及响应时间进行定标,结果表明所研制的电容分压器,实测分压比与理论值接近,响应时间约为2.1 ns,实现了6级铁氧体传输线不同位置的脉冲电压的同时测量。

线控转向系统理想传动比控制策略及优化研究

为设计满足操纵稳定性需求的线控转向系统,提出了可适应不同车速工况的理想传动比控制策略。以稳态横摆角速度增益不变下的传动比为基础,设置低速段、中速段、高速段等3个车速区间;基于参数拟合和定转向增益不变控制法中的稳态横摆角速度增益不变,设计了低速段和中速段的理想传动比,高速段考虑到摩擦特性等非线性因素影响,使用模糊控制设计线控转向系统理想传动比;通过Carsim和Simulink仿真分析了在不同车速下设计理想传动比控制策略的有效性。研究结果表明:在低速段时,车辆转向运动特性明显提高,增强了车辆的转向灵敏性;在中速段时,车辆转向响应跟随性好,且响应速度更快;在高速段时,车辆行驶时的转向稳定性明显提高。

高造斜螺杆钻具万向轴匹配性分析与结构优化研究

高造斜螺杆比常规螺杆的受力更复杂,易导致传动轴断裂或万向轴瓣/键齿磨损失效等风险,大幅降低了使用寿命。为了研究万向轴与高造斜螺杆的匹配性,提升传动系统与螺杆整机的使用寿命与工作可靠性,依据花键、花瓣万向轴与传动轴的结构特点,建立了万向轴和传动轴一体式仿真物理模型。利用有限元分析方法开展了常规螺杆与高造斜螺杆分别匹配花键或花瓣万向轴对传动轴反作用力以及万向轴齿根部最大等效应力分布规律的对比研究,明确了高造斜螺杆的万向轴适配规律。进一步探究了花键、花瓣万向轴下铰链与弯点间距离对传动轴反作用力以及万向轴壳体弯角对齿根部应力的影响规律,提出了万向轴结构优化方案。结果表明:高造斜螺杆匹配花瓣万向轴具有强度优势,匹配花键万向轴具有降低其对传动轴反作用力的优势,有利于提升传动轴TC轴承和螺纹的使用寿命;匹配花瓣或花键万向轴的下铰链到弯点之间的距离分别设计为-177 mm和-180 mm,壳体弯角小于1.75°,可以降低反作用力和齿根部等效应力,提升传动系统的可靠性。研究成果可为高造斜螺杆钻具万向轴和传动轴的匹配性及结构优化设计提供参考。