The 3D simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems based on eco-environmental water demand

Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater抯 economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da抋n in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.

Research on the Optimization of Enterprise Financial Management under the Financial Sharing Model

With the advancement of globalization and information technology,the financial sharing mode has gradually emerged as a crucial means for enterprises to optimize their financial management.Particularly within the context of economic globalization,informatization,and digital transformation,enterprises find themselves navigating a rapidly evolving market environment by intensifying competition.To enhance efficiency and competitiveness,many enterprises have embraced the financial sharing model to streamline financial management processes,curtail costs,and bolster the execution of corporate strategies.This article aims to dissect the definition and essence of the financial sharing model and its significance in the realm of enterprise financial management.Drawing upon this analysis and aligning with the needs of enterprise financial management,the article proposes ideas for optimizing management practices,aspiring to foster reform and innovation in enterprise financial management while enhancing its level of financial management and ability to respond to financial risks.This contribution seeks to provide valuable insights for practitioners in the field.

Optimizing any-aged management of mixed boreal forest under residual basal area constraints

The current trend of forest management in many countries is reduced use of clear-felling and planting, and increased use of continuous cover management. In Finland, the new forest act of 2014 made all types of cuttings equally allowable on the condition that if the post-cutting residual stand basal area is too low, the stand must be regenerated within certain time frame. Forest landowner can freely choose between even-and uneven-aged management. This study developed a method for opti-mizing the timing and type of cuttings without the need to categorize the management system as either even-aged or uneven-aged. A management system that does not set any requirements on the sequence of post-cutting diameter distributions is called any-aged management. Planting or sow-ing was used when stand basal area fell below the required minimum basal area and the amount of advance regeneration was less than required in the regulations. When the cuttings of 200 stands managed earlier with even-aged silviculture were optimized with the developed system, final felling followed by artificial regeneration was selected for almost 50%of stands. Reduction of the minimum basal area limit greatly decreased the use of artificial regeneration but improved profitability, suggesting that the truly optimal management would be to use natural regeneration in financially mature stands. The optimal type of thinning was high thinning in 97-99%of cases. It was calculated that the minimum basal area re-quirement reduced the mean net present value of the stands by 12-16%when discount rate was 3-5%.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC URBAN BUSES

A novel parallel hybrid electrical urban bus （PHEUB） configuration consisting of an extra one-way clutch and an automatic mechanical transmission （AMT） is taken as the study subject. An energy management strategy combining a logic threshold approach and an instantaneous optimization algorithm is proposed for the investigated PHEUB. The objective of the energy management strategy is to achieve acceptable vehicle performance and drivability requirements while simultaneously maximizing the engine fuel consumption and maintaining the battery state of charge in its operation range at all times. Under the environment of Matlab/Simulink, a computer simulation model for the PHEUB is constructed by using the model building method combining theoretical analysis and bench test data. Simulation and experiment results for China Typical Bus Driving Schedule at Urban District （CTBDS_UD） are obtained, and the results indicate that the proposed control strategy not only controls the hybrid system efficiently but also improves the fuel economy significantly.

Thinking About the Economic Management of Universities Based on Capital and Cost Management Optimization

The economic management of colleges and universities has always been a topic of great concern to China’s educational career,therefore,this paper will firstly make the necessary analysis of the current implementation of the economic management of colleges and universities in China,and then the reasons for the problems of economic management of colleges and universities in China is realized a detailed investigation,and finally,the economic management of colleges and universities based on capital and cost management optimization strategy is made a full discussion,looking forward to providing the necessary guidance for researchers in this field.

Implementing an Optimal Energy Management System for a Set of Microgrids Using the Harmony Search Algorithm

A microgrid(MG)refers to a set of loads,generation resources and energy storage systems acting as a controllable load or a generator to supply power and heating to a local area.The MG-generated power management is a central topic for MG design and operation.The existence of dispersed generation(DG)resources has faced MG management with new issues.Depending on the level of exchanges between an MG and the main grid,the MG operation states can be divided into independent or grid-connected ones.Energy management in MGs aims to supply power at the lowest cost for optimal load response.This study examines MG energy management in two operational modes of islanded and grid-connected,and proposes a structure with two control layers(primary and secondary)for energy management.At the principal level of control,the energy management system is determined individually for all MG by taking into consideration the probability constraints and RES uncertainty by the Weibull the probability density function(PDF),generation resources’power as well as the generation surplus and deficit of each MG.Then,the information of the power surplus and deficit of each MG must be sent to the central energy management system.To confirm the proposed structure,a case system with two MGs and a condensive load is simulated by using a multi-time harmony search algorithm.Several scenarios are applied to evaluate the performance of this algorithm.The findings clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed system in the energy management of several MGs,leading to the optimal performance of the resources per MG.Moreover,the proposed control scheme properly controls the MG and grid’s performance in their interactions and offers a high level of robustness,stable behavior under different conditions and high quality of power supply.

An Overview to the Concept of Smart Coupling and Battery Management for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Battery System

The paper gives an overview on the need for smart coupling for battery management in grid integrated renewable energy system （RES）. Grid integrated photovoltaic （PV） battery system, as being popular and extensively used has been discussed in the paper. Smart coupling refers to intelligent grid integration such that it can foresee local network conditions and issue battery power flow management strategy accordingly to shave the peak PV and peak load. Therefore, a need for predictive energy management arises for smart integration to the grid and supervision of the power flow in accordance to the grid conditions. This is also a running project at the Institute of Energy Systems （INES）, Offenburg University of Applied Science, Germany since January, 2015. The paper should provide insights to the motivation, need and gives an outlook to the features of desired predictive energy management system （PEMS）.

Integrated agronomic practice management decreases soil carbon emission and increases environmental ecological benefits of summer maize

Integrated agronomic practice management(IAPM)is an effective strategy for increasing nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and yield during crop production.Although various studies have evaluated the mechanism of a single agronomic management practice to increase yield and production efficiency and decrease environmental costs,few have investigated the effects of IAPM systems.A field experiment was conducted using four IAPM systems,a local smallholder farmers’practice system(T1),an improved management system(T2),a high-yield production system(T3),and an optimized management system(OMS),to study the annual yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon(C)footprint(CF),and net environmental ecological benefit(NEEB)of summer maize.The results revealed that OMS was the most advantageous choice of IAPM,which increased yield and NUE and reduced GHG emissions and CF.Under OMS,yield and NUE were 42.6%and 88.1%higher,and N_(2)O,CO_(2),and CH4 emissions were on average 35.4%,5.8%,and 156.5%lower,respectively,than those under T1.Of the four IAPM systems,OMS resulted in the best soil quality,the lowest soil bulk density,the highest soil C/N ratio,and the highest soil total organic C content,which contributed to reduced GHG emissions.Carbon footprint and cost were the lowest under OMS,which decreased fertilizer input and GHG emissions.Optimized management system reduced CF and C cost by 5.9%and 33.9%,respectively,and increased NEEB by 111.4%compared to T1.Although T3 had the highest yield,it also had the highest GHG emissions and CF.In conclusion,OMS delivered a high yield and NUE while mitigating negative environmental impacts and increasing NEEB.Therefore,OMS is a suitable management system to increase the productivity and sustainability of summer maize.

Which trees should be removed in thinning treatments?

Background： In economically optimal management, trees that are removed in a thinning treatment should be selected on the basis of their value, relative value increment and the effect of removal on the growth of remaining trees. Large valuable trees with decreased value increment should be removed, especially when they overtop smaller trees. Methods： This study optimized the tree selection rule in the thinning treatments of continuous cover managemen when the aim is to maximize the profitability of forest management. The weights of three criteria （stem value, relative value increment and effect of removal on the competition of remaining trees） were optimized together with thinning intervals. Results and conclusions： The results confirmed the hypothesis that optimal thinning involves removing predominantly large trees. Increasing stumpage value, decreasing relative value increment, and increasing competitive influence increased the likelihood that removal is optimal decision. However, if the spatial distribution of trees is irregular, it is optimal to leave large trees in sparse places and remove somewhat smaller trees from dense places. However, the benefit of optimal thinning, as compared to diameter limit cutting is not usually large in pure one-species stands. On the contrary, removing the smallest trees from the stand may lead to significant （30-40 %） reductions in the net present value of harvest incomes.

Improved guidelines for any-aged forestry

Any-aged forest management (AAF) is a means to reduce clear-felling without compromising profitability or timber production. The concept of AAF is to choose between clear-felling or thinning one harvest at a time based on what is better at that time in terms of the management objectives for the forest. No permanent choice is made between rotation forest management (RFM) and continuous cover forestry (CCF). Optimized AAF is never less profitable than RFM or CCF because all cutting types of both RMF and CCF are also allowed in AAF. This study developed a new set of guidelines for managing boreal forest stands under AAF when the forest landowner maximizes economic profitability. The first part of the guidelines indicates whether the stand should be cut or left to grow. This advice is based on stand basal area, mean tree diameter, minimum allowable post-thinning basal area, site productivity, and discount rate. If the optimal decision is harvesting, the second instruction determines whether the harvest should be clear-felling or thinning. In the case of thinning, the remaining two steps determine the optimal harvest rate in different diameter classes. The guidelines were developed using two different modeling approaches, regression analysis, and optimization, and applied to two Finnish forest holdings, one representing the southern boreal zone and the other the northern parts of the boreal zone. The results show that AAF improves profitability compared to current Finnish management instructions for RFM. The use of clear-felling also decreased the lower the minimum acceptable post-thinning basal area of the stand.

KDS-CM:A Cache Mechanism Based on Top-K Data Source for Deep Web Query

Caching is an important technique to enhance the efficiency of query processing. Unfortunately, traditional caching mechanisms are not efficient for deep Web because of storage space and dynamic maintenance limitations. In this paper, we present on providing a cache mechanism based on Top-K data source （KDS-CM） instead of result records for deep Web query. By integrating techniques from IR and Top-K, a data reorganization strategy is presented to model KDS-CM. Also some measures about cache management and optimization are proposed to improve the performances of cache effectively. Experimental results show the benefits of KDS-CM in execution cost and dynamic maintenance when compared with various alternate strategies.

Optimal nitrogen fertilization of boreal conifer forest

Background： Forest fertilization offers a means to increase the production of renewable resources.Nitrogen is the most common fertilizer in boreal upland forests.There is plenty of research on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on volume growth, but less research on the optimal timing of fertilization and optimal management of fertilized stands.Methods： This study used simulation and optimization to analyze the profitability of fertilization, optimal management of fertilized stands and the effects of fertilization on cash flows and timber yields.The management of 100 stands representing the most common growing sites of Scots pine and Norway spruce was optimized.Results： Fertilization improved profitability in most of the analyzed stands.Profitability improved most in spruce stands growing on mesic site.Improving stem quality increased the economic benefit of fertilization.The timber yields of medium-aged conifer stands can be increased by almost 1 m^3·ha^（-1）·a^（-1）（15%） in sub-xeric pine and mesic spruce sites and about 0.5 m^3·ha^（-1）·a^（-1）（5%） in mesic pine and herb-rich spruce sites when the recommended nitrogen dose（150kg·ha^（-1）） is applied once in 30 years.Conclusions： Nitrogen fertilization of boreal conifer forest should be used mainly in spruce-dominated stands growing on medium sites.The gains are the highest in stands where the mean tree diameter is 16–20 cm and stand basal area is 14–20 m^2·ha^（-1）.

Assessing non-point source pollution in an apple-dominant basin and associated best fertilizer management based on SWAT modeling

Investigating the impact of apple-dominated areas on nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)losses at a basin scale was essential for the sustainable development of apple industry in China.This study conducted a survey on fertilizer application and built a Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model to quantita-tively analyze the N and P losses in the Qixia apple-dominated area.Additionally,the decreases in N and P losses through adjusting the fertilizer application modes were evaluated.Results showed that average N and P losses in the Wulong River Basin(WRB)were 44.4 and 0.365 kg ha^(-1)in 2011-2017,respectively,and apple orchards accounted for 733%and 51.4%of the total N and P losses in the basin.Under nine fertilizer scheduling scenarios,three fertilizer schedule scenarios,automatic fertilizer application(S-AUTO),"one shot"mode(S1),and regulated fertilizer application(S-BSD),had the lowest N and P losses in apple orchards.The decreases in N loss ranged from 20.6%to 26.1%at the subbasin scale and 14.8%-30.7%at the basin outlet when applying the S-AUTO,S1,and S-BSD fertilizer application modes in Qixia apple orchards and all apple orchards in the WRB.The reductions in P loss varied from 22.0%to 46.1%at the subbasin scale and 14.6%-25.6%at the basin outlet.In orchard-dominated basin,N and P losses can be effectively reduced by optimizing the orchard fertilizer scheduling strategies.

New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm＇s ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory＇s flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system（FMS）. The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm（ESA）, other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.

An optimal management strategy for stochastic population dynamics of released Plecoglossus altivelis in rivers

Excessive predation pressure from the waterfowl Phalacrocorax carbo(Great Cormorant)on Plecoglossus altivelis(Ayu)has recently been a severe problem of river environment in Japan.Local fishery cooperatives are currently suffering from economic difficulties due to decrease of the fish catch of P.altivelis.Local fishery cooperatives and municipalities have been enthusiastically trying to develop countermeasures that can effectively reduce the predation pressure;however,their effectiveness and efficiency have not been systematically quantified well.This aim can be achieved with the help of an appropriate mathematical model.In this paper,based on a pure death process,a practical stochastic control model for population dynamics of released P.altivelis in river environment under predation pressure from P.carbo,harvesting by human,and environmental fluctuations is proposed.Finding an optimal management strategy ultimately reduces to solving a 2D Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation,which is performed with a finite element scheme.Its application to a Japanese river environment successfully computes the optimal management strategy that is consistent with the reality.Numerical sensitivity analysis of the presented mathematical model is also performed for comprehension of dependence of the optimal strategy on the model parameters.

Design of a Digital Management System for the Sintering Material Ground

There are many kinds and a large number of raw materials in the sintering material ground to be managed,while it is difficult to obtain the precise inventory values,which often leads to high cost.Furthermore,the external factors of material ground are difficult to handle,such as weather variation,order fluctuation,measurement failure and so on.To solve such raw material management problems,a digital management system has been developed.First,the practical requirements and the raw material management processes are analyzed.Then,optimization and prediction methods are used to calculate the inventory according to the practical situation.With the help of practical technologies and production conditions,the developed system has been applied to a large-scale sintering material ground.The practical running results of the application demonstrate the validity of the proposed digital management system.

Energy Management System Design and Testing for Smart Buildings Under Uncertain Generation (Wind/Photovoltaic) and Demand

This study provides details of the energy management architecture used in the Goldwind microgrid test bed. A complete mathematical model, including all constraints and objectives, for microgrid operational management is first described using a modified prediction interval scheme. Forecasting results are then achieved every 10 min using the modified fuzzy prediction interval model, which is trained by particle swarm optimization.A scenario set is also generated using an unserved power profile and coverage grades of forecasting to compare the feasibility of the proposed method with that of the deterministic approach. The worst case operating points are achieved by the scenario with the maximum transaction cost. In summary, selection of the maximum transaction operating point from all the scenarios provides a cushion against uncertainties in renewable generation and load demand.

Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on System Efficiency and Battery Life Optimization

A novel method to calculate fuel-electric conversion factor for full hybrid electric vehicle（HEV）equipped with continuously variable transmission（CVT）is proposed.Based on consideration of the efficiency of pivotal components,electric motor,system efficiency optimization models are developed.According to the target of instantaneous optimization of system efficiency,operating ranges of each mode of power-train are determined,and the corresponding energy management strategies are established.The simulation results demonstrate that the energy management strategy proposed can substantially improve the vehicle fuel economy,and keep battery state of charge（SOC）change in a reasonable variation range.

Warwick International Hotels installs Optims Revenue Management System

Optims S.A. (Evry, France), the leading global provider of Revenue Management Systems (RMS) and IT enabling solutions dedicated to the hospitality, tourism and transport industries is pleased to announce the implementation of an Optims.Hotel Revenue Management System in the Royal Windsor Hotel, Brussels, a Warwick International Hotel and a member of Leading Hotels of the World.