Study on the Relationship between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Rice

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of rice for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield,Y K≈a respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships:①no significant relationships:25,of which 14 were soil nutrients and 9 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient yield ratio and fertilizer utilization ratio;②consistent significant relationships:2,one was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of N were positively correlated with the optimum production,explaining the importance of N for production,the other was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of P had a significantly positive correlation with conversion rate and utilization ratio of N,illustrating that nitrogen and phosphorus had mutual promotion;③contrary significant relationships:5,these showed as negative correlations of fertilizer utilization ratio and positive correlation of nutrient conversion ratio;④complementary significant relationships:22,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons,which showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Wheat

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of wheat for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K+d×rainfall in growth season,Y P≈a+b×optimum fertilizer amount of K+c×rainfall in growth season,Y K≈a+b×temperature in growth season+c×rainfall in growth season-d×optimum yield-e×optimum nitrogen application amount,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:13,of which 8 were soil nutrients,the results showed that soil nutrients had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:4,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,explaining the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus;contrary significant relationships:6,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,illustrating that phosphorus and nitrogen had inhibitory effect;complementary significant relationships:31,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Maize

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of maize for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum potassium application amount,Y K≈a-b×optimum nitrogen application amount-c×temperature in growth season-d×rainfall in growth season,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:22,of which 16 were soil nutrients and 5 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:14,illustrating that conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize were consistent in most cases,and it was because that maize was planted for a long term,and its fertilizer absorption law was basically stable;contrary significant relationships:0,illustrating that there was no reverse relationship between conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize;complementary significant relationships:18,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization ratio was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Comparison of the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Three Crops

This paper conducted comparative study of the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for rice,wheat and maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice,wheat and maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The main conclusions of this paper were as follow:①since the three crops all belonged to Gramineae,they were consistent in variation trends of fertilizer utilization ratio,nutrient conversion rate,relative abundance-deficiency value of soil nutrient,optimum fertilization amount in most cases.②Due to the influence of the economic production,biological production,different water conditions in paddy field and dry farmland,length of growing season,cropping system(one year before and after the rotation)and so on,sometimes the laws of four aspects above mentioned for the three crops had opposite and gradient variations.

Research on the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Three Crops

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for three crops by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice,wheat and maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.A systematic analysis of the materials and methods,the main research contents,the main research results and the main research conclusions of the column was made,in order to enable readers to understand and grasp the overall contents of the following 15 papers.

Studies on the Provincial-level Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Rice in China

In this paper,the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for rice was discussed by data mining method based on this column.Three aspects of provincial average,typical province and all samples were studied,and the results and conclusions were as follows:①climate condition was one of the main factors of soil formation,which was also an important basis for the division of rice growing areas.The proportion of available nutrients was different in different rice growing areas.This was the result of long-term climate and man-made action,which constituted the basic fertility pattern of soil available nutrients for rice in China.②One of the basic fertility indexes of rice soil in China was the proportion of available nutrients,which was the theoretical basis for adjusting the proportion of N,P and K fertilizers.③Although the total amount and proportion of available nutrients in different rice growing areas were different,they can be adjusted to the optimum absorption ratio of rice by fertilizing measures,so as to achieve the goal of ecological balanced fertilization such as high production and good quality.④The basic soil nutrient index of more than 8000 kg/hm 2 of rice production was more than 5 of available K/available P.

Theoretical Analysis on Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Three Crops

This paper analyzed theoretical basis of ecological balanced fertilization by data mining method based on the relationships among relative abundance-deficiency values of soil nutrients,optimum fertilization amounts and nutrient conversion rates of N,P and K for rice,wheat and maize in column papers.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the scientific basis of guiding fertilization by the relative abundance-deficiency value of soil nutrient was insufficient.②The scientific basis for predicting fertilizer amount according to nutrient conversion rate was sufficient.③There was consistency among the relative abundance-deficiency values of soil nutrients,indicating that the soil nutrient balance was important to the production.④There was some consistency among the optimum fertilizer amounts,indicating that N,P and K fertilizer should be balanced.⑤There was some consistency among nutrient conversion rates,indicating that nutrient uptake was consistent,which required the consistency among relative abundance-deficiency values of soil nutrients.When there was inconsistency,it needed to be supplemented by means of fertilization.⑥The relative abundance-deficiency value of soil nutrient and optimum fertilizer amounts of other nutrients were negatively correlated mostly,indicating that if the relative abundance-deficiency value of soil nutrient was high,the others also should be high,resulting in optimum fertilizer amounts of other nutrients decreased.⑦The nutrient conversion rate was negatively correlated mostly with the optimal fertilizer amounts of other nutrients,indicating that more fertilizer amount of one nutrient lowered its own conversion rate,mean while also reduced the conversion rates of other nutrients.It embodied the unity and balance of nutrient absorption by the crops.

Studies on the Provincial-level Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Wheat in China

In this paper,the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for wheat was discussed by data mining method based on this column.Three aspects of provincial average,typical province and all samples were studied,the results and conclusions were as follows:①climate condition was one of the main factors of soil formation,which was also an important basis for the division of wheat producing areas.The proportion of available nutrients was different in different wheat producing areas.This was the result of long-term climate and man-made action,and it constituted the basic fertility pattern of soil available nutrient for wheat in China.②One of the basic fertility indexes of soil for wheat in China was the proportion of available nutrients,which was the theoretical basis for adjusting the proportion of N,P and K fertilizers.③Although the total amount and proportion of available nutrients in different wheat producing areas were different,they can be adjusted to the optimum absorption ratio of wheat by fertilizing measures,so as to achieve the goal of ecological balanced fertilization such as high production and good quality.④The basic soil nutrient indexes of more than 5000 kg/hm 2 of wheat production were less than 6 of hydrolysable N/available P and less than 7 of available K/available P,and the fertilization index was that optimum K fertilization amount was 0.6-1.2 times of optimum P fertilization amount.

Specific Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Maize

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows.①Soil nutrient content could not be used as indicator of fertilizer application of maize.②The conceptual model of N conversion rate of maize for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum production-c×optimum fertilizer amount of N-d×optimum phosphorus application amount-e×optimum potassium application amount-f×temperature in growth season-g×rainfall in growth season.The conceptual model of P conversion rate of maize for plot was Y P≈a+b×optimum phosphorus application amount-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum potassium application amount.The conceptual model of K conversion rate of maize for plot was Y K≈a+b×optimum yield-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum phosphorus application amount-e×optimum potassium application amount-f×temperature in growth season-g×rainfall in growth season.③The conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of N of maize for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum phosphorus application amount+c×optimum potassium application amount+d×temperature in growing season+e×rainfall in growing season,and the conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of P was Y P≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount,and the conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of K was Y K≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×temperature in growth season+d×rainfall in growth season-e×optimum yield.④The conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil N of maize for plot was that Y N≈a,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil P was Y P≈a,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil K was Y K≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×optimum phosphorus application amount.

Specific Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Rice

This paper studied the nitrogen index system of ecological balanced fertilization for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows.①Soil nutrient content could not be used as fertilization indicator of rice.②The conceptual model of nitrogen conversion rate of rice for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum production-c×optimum nitrogen fertilization amount-d×optimum phosphorus fertilization amount,and the conceptual model of phosphorus conversion rate was Y P≈a-b×optimum phosphorus fertilization amount-c×optimum potassium fertilization amount,and the conceptual model of potassium conversion rate was Y K≈a+b×optimum production+c×optimum nitrogen fertilization amount-d×optimum potassium fertilization amount-e×annual average precipitation.③The conceptual model of the optimum nitrogen fertilization amount of rice for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum production+c×optimum phosphorus fertilization amount-d×annual average precipitation,and the conceptual model of the optimum phosphorus fertilization amount was Y P≈a+b×optimum nitrogen fertilization amount+c×optimum potassium fertilization amount,and the conceptual model of the optimum potassium fertilization amount was Y K≈a+b×optimum phosphorus fertilization amount+c×annual average precipitation.④The conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil nitrogen of rice for plot was Y N≈a-b×optimum nitrogen fertilization amount-c×optimum potassium fertilization amount,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil phosphorus was Y P≈a+b×soil available potassium-c×optimum potassium fertilization amount,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil potassium of rice was Y K≈a-b×optimum potassium fertilization amount.

Research and Application of Prediction Model for Ecological Balanced Optimal Fertilization Amount for Three Crops

This paper analyzed the modeling principle,process and application process of the new ecological balanced fertilization model by data mining method based on the relationships among soil abundance-deficiency index,optimum fertilization amount and nutrient conversion rate of N,P,K for rice,wheat and maize in column papers.The results and conclusions were as follows:①on the basis of two ecological balanced fertilization models(available and total nutrients),a prediction model system of optimum fertilization amount based on nutrient conversion rate was established,including 3 models.The first model predicted the optimum fertilization amount based on nutrient conversion rate,and the second model determined prediction difference value of optimum fertilization amount in the first amendment based on optimum yield,and the third model determined prediction difference value of optimum fertilization amount in the second amendment based on nutrient conversion rate.②Nutrient conversion rate and optimum yield were the common parameters of two models based on contents of available and total nutrients,and they were the core parameters of ecological balanced fertilization model.In the specific application,the nutrient conversion rate and optimum yield were determined mainly based on the comprehensive comparison between the regional or similar plot or one plot and the experimental plot.③The two error amendments were due to the use of the fixed nutrient removal of 100 kg seeds,and underestimated the nutrient conversion rate when higher optimum production and overestimated the nutrient conversion rate when lower optimum production.④It was proposed that the nutrient conversion rate was regarded as a comprehensive nutrient index(abundance-deficiency)of ecological balanced fertilization.It was not only a parameter to measure fertilizer efficiency,but also a parameter to measure the abundance-deficiency of nutrients,and a parameter to guide fertilization.

Specific Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Wheat

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows.①Soil nutrient content could not be used as indicator of fertilizer application of wheat.②The conceptual model of N utilization ratio of wheat for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum production-c×optimum fertilizer amount of N-d×temperature in growing season-e×rainfall in growing season,and the conceptual model of P conversion rate was Y P≈a+b×optimum production+c×temperature in growing season+d×precipitation in growing season-e×optimum fertilizer amount of P-f×optimum fertilizer amount of K,and the conceptual model of K conversion rate of wheat plots was that,Y K≈a-b×optimum fertilizer amount of K.③The conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of N of wheat for plot was Y N≈a+b×optimum production+c×optimum fertilizer amount of P-d×temperature in growing season-e×rainfall in growing season,and the conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of P was Y P≈a+b×optimum production+c×optimum fertilizer amount of N+d×optimum fertilizer amount of K,and the conceptual model of the optimum fertilizer amount of K was Y K≈a+b×optimum fertilizer amount of P.④The conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil N of wheat for plot was that Y N≈a-b×temperature in growing season-c×precipitation in growing season,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil P was Y P≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of N+d×precipitation in growing season-e×optimum fertilizer amount of K,and the conceptual model of relative abundance-deficiency value of soil K was Y K≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K.

Studies on the Provincial-level Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Maize in China

In this paper,the index system of ecological balanced fertilization of maize was discussed by data mining method based on this column.Three aspects of provincial average,typical province and all samples were studied,and the results and conclusions were as follows:①climate condition was one of the main factors of soil formation,which was also an important basis for the division of maize producing areas.The proportion of available nutrients was different in different maize producing areas.This was the result of long-term climate and man-made action,which constituted the basic fertility pattern of soil available nutrient for maize in China.②One of the basic fertility indexes of maize soil in China was the proportion of available nutrients,which was the theoretical basis for adjusting the proportion of N,P and K fertilizers.③Although the total amount and proportion of available nutrients in different maize producing areas were different,they can be adjusted to the optimum absorption ratio of maize by fertilizing measures,so as to achieve the goal of ecological balanced fertilization such as high production and good quality.④The basic soil nutrient index of more than 9000 kg/hm 2 of maize production was less than 8 of hydrolysable N/available P,and the fertilization index was that optimum N fertilization amount was more than 0.8 times of optimum P fertilization amount.

Summary on the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Wheat

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the optimum N,P and K fertilization amounts of wheat were within the normal range,and the application of this standard could not cause obvious non-point source pollution.②The conversion rates of N,P and K of wheat were 58.78%,58.63%and 199.88%higher than the utilization ratios of N,P and K under the optimum fertilization amount,respectively.③At present,the soil N for wheat was in a low equilibrium stage,and soil P and K were in the middle and high levels,in which P was in the accumulation stage,and K was in the depletion stage.④The relationship between fertilizer effect or fertility and optimum production had consistency.The fertilizer effect was negatively correlated with the optimum fertilization amounts of its own nutrient and other nutrients.N,P and K fertilizers had mutual promoting effects when they were balanced.Soil nutrient played an inhibitory role in the fertilizer efficiency of its own nutrient.⑤The phosphorus and potassium utilization ratios were significantly positively correlated with the optimum phosphorus fertilization amount and the optimal potassium fertilization amount,which was the scientific basis for phosphorus and potassium concentrated fertilization of wheat.

Summary on the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Maize

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the optimum N,P and K fertilization amounts of maize were within the normal range,and the application of this standard could not cause obvious non-point source pollution.②The conversion rates of N,P and K of maize were respectively higher than their respective utilization ratios under the optimum fertilization amount.③At present,the soil N for maize was in an absence state,and soil P and K were in a state of not obvious lack.④Optimum N,P and K fertilization amounts were significantly negatively correlated with their respective conversion ratios,respectively,and it provided a quantitative scientific basis for calculating the optimum fertilization amount according to the nutrient conversion rate.Each province can use this significant relationship to guide the determination of the average optimal fertilization amounts of N,P and K and the optimal production in the province.⑤The research results of nutrient conversion rate showed that any excessive application of N,P and K would reduce their own nutrient conversion rates,and may also reduce the conversion rates of other nutrients.The characteristics of crops absorbing N,P and K proportionally required that soil nutrients must be balanced in order to obtain high production,and fertilization was only the main means to regulate soil nutrient balance.

Summary on the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Rice

This paper studied the index system of ecological balanced fertilization for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the optimum N,P and K fertilization amounts of rice were within the normal range,and the application of this standard could not cause obvious non-point source pollution.②N,P and K conversion ratios were 76.4%,166.58%and 261.89%higher than N,P and K utilization ratios under the optimum fertilizer amount of rice,respectively.③At present,the soil N for rice was in a low equilibrium stage,and soil P and K were in the middle and high level,in which P was in the accumulation stage,while K was in the depletion stage.④The relationship between fertilizer effect or fertility and optimum production had consistency.The fertilizer effect was negatively correlated with the optimum fertilization amount of its own nutrient.N,P and K fertilizers had mutual promoting effect when they were balanced.Soil nutrient played an inhibitory role in the fertilizer efficiency of its own nutrient.Soil nutrient sometimes played a role in promoting the efficiency of other nutrients,and sometimes inhibited them.It was a positive correlation between soil nutrients with the same attribute.

适宜氮磷钾用量和配比协同促进盆栽牡丹营养和生殖生长

【目的】牡丹是我国著名的木本观赏植物,施肥不平衡严重影响盆栽牡丹的生长和观赏效果。研究开花前后氮、磷、钾不同施用量和配施比例对盆栽牡丹生长的影响,确定适宜的氮、磷、钾施用量及配比,为盆栽牡丹精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以5年生牡丹‘紫二乔’为供试材料,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计进行盆栽试验,结合隶属函数法评价牡丹的生长状况,利用肥料效应模型拟合牡丹植株的综合隶属函数值与施肥量之间的数学关系,得出牡丹最佳生长的氮、磷、钾肥推荐施肥量。【结果】牡丹开花前后施用氮磷钾肥显著影响植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、花径和单株花数(P<0.05),适宜氮磷钾用量和配比促进盆栽牡丹营养和生殖生长的协同提高。氮、磷、钾三因素配合处理的牡丹综合隶属函数值均大于缺素处理,缺素处理又大于无肥处理,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理的综合隶属函数值(0.73)是N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)的3.17倍。氮磷钾对牡丹综合生长的影响表现为氮>磷>钾。氮、磷、钾肥对牡丹营养和生殖生长存在明显交互作用,任一肥料水平的过量或不足均会抑制牡丹植株生长,降低观赏效果。采用一元二次、二元二次、三元二次肥料效应函数方程拟合牡丹的综合隶属函数值和施肥量,二者相关性均达显著水平,综合各肥料效应函数方程的推荐用量及相应的综合隶属函数值,得出牡丹开花前后氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)的最优推荐施肥量分别为4.21、2.07、2.52 g/株,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.49∶0.60。【结论】开花前后施用适量的氮、磷、钾肥可提高牡丹的农艺性状,促进牡丹的营养和生殖生长协同提高。氮、磷、钾的最优推荐施肥量为4.21、2.07、2.52 g/株,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.49∶0.60。

基于3414试验设计的云南雪茄烟叶生产施肥技术研究

为明确云南省瑞丽雪茄烟区土壤合理施肥方案,采用“3414”肥料试验设计,通过熵权法和回归分析,计算了各处理对应的烟株农艺性状综合得分,探究了N、P、K对雪茄烟株长势和烟叶产量的影响,筛选出最佳施肥方案。结果表明:(1)株高对雪茄烟株农艺性状的得分所占权重最大,处理6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))对应的得分最高。(2)在一定范围内增加N、P、K的施用量,对雪茄烟的产量有积极作用,然而随着施肥量的增加产量又有所下降。(3)构建了N、P、K施用量对雪茄烟产量的二元二次和三元二次回归模型,最佳施肥方案为N施用量在118.7~126.9 kg/hm^(2)之间,P_(2)O_(5)施用量在75.7~81.4 kg/hm^(2)之间,K_(2)O施用量在342.1~366.5 kg/hm^(2)之间,目标产量在1816.3~1812.5 kg/hm^(2)之间。

不同施肥处理对金瑞油桃产量和品质的影响

为解决山西油桃园施肥不合理的现象,筛选出适合当地油桃生产的施肥配比和施肥量,以4年生金瑞油桃为试验材料,磷肥固定,氮肥和钾肥各设置4个梯度,以不施肥为对照,研究不同施肥处理对运城地区金瑞油桃产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适量增施氮肥和钾肥均可显著增加油桃的横纵径和单果质量,提高油桃可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和维生素C含量,降低总酸度,提高果实糖酸比,改善果实品质和口感;但施氮量超过240 kg/hm^(2)时,过量的氮肥会降低油桃可溶性固形物、维生素C和可溶性糖含量,不利于油桃品质和产量的提升。与不施肥对照相比,处理N_(2)PK_(2)(N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)和K_(2)O 240 kg/hm^(2))和处理N_(2)PK_(3)(N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 360 kg/hm^(2))增产率分别为28.77%和31.34%,增产值分别为25 440元/hm^(2)和27 720元/hm^(2),经济效益显著高于其他处理。通过构建施肥模型,试验地金瑞油桃的钾肥最佳施用量为398 kg/hm^(2)。综上,不同施肥配比和施肥量对油桃内在品质和产量有较大影响,试验地油桃适宜的氮、磷、钾施用比例为1.0∶0.5∶1.0~1.5,推荐施肥量分别为N 240 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 240~360 kg/hm^(2)。

氮钾运筹对烤烟养分吸收、产量与品质的影响

为优化湖南湘西州烤烟湘烟7号的氮肥和钾肥施用方案,探究施氮量、氮钾比例和钾肥基追比对烤烟养分吸收分配、经济性状及烤后化学成分的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,施氮量(A)设3水平,即90 kg/hm^(2)(A1)、112.5 kg/hm^(2)(A2)、135 kg/hm^(2)(A3);氮钾比例(B)设3水平,即1∶2(B1)、1∶3(B2)和1∶4(B3);钾肥基追比(C)设3水平,即7∶3(C1,基肥+团棵期追肥)、3∶7(C2,基肥+团棵期追肥)和3∶3∶4(C3,基肥+团棵期追肥+打顶期追肥)。利用极差分析和方差分析探究氮钾肥运筹影响烤烟各项指标的主次顺序、显著性,确定最佳组合方案。结果表明,对烤烟氮钾积累分配、氮肥吸收利用和经济性状的影响,T9(A3B3C2)和T7(A3B1C3)处理效果较佳;对烤后烟叶化学成分可用性指数的影响,T9(A3B3C2)处理和T8(A3B2C1)处理表现较好。综上,湘西烤烟湘烟7号宜采用的最佳施肥方案为T9处理(A3B3C2,施氮量135 kg/hm^(2)、氮钾比例1∶4、钾肥基追比3∶7),其次为T7处理(A3B1C3,施氮量135 kg/hm^(2)、氮钾比例1∶2、钾肥基追比3∶3∶4)。