Bat 26 Microsatellite Instability in Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal

Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Senegal. Forty cancerous tissues, 20 healthy tissues, and 12 blood tissues were included in this study. These tissues were collected from each patient during the biopsy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were carried out to obtain sequences. Mutation surveyor, Bioedit and Dnasp software were used to perform our analyses. High instability was found in 57.5% of patients with cancer. Moreover, 90% of the patients had the same motif on healthy and cancerous tissue. Furthermore, 26.12%, 20.72%, and 11.71% polymorphic sites were found in cancerous, healthy and blood tissue respectively. Thus, a similarity between cancerous and healthy tissues seems to exist. This implies that instability of the Bat 26 microsatellite could occur early in the occurrence of oral cavity cancers.

Cystic Lymphangioma on the Floor of the Oral Cavity Extending to the Submandibular Region in Adult Patients

Lymphatic malformation (ML), formerly called cystic lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. The onset of lymphangiomas is either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rare in adults. These malformations can occur in any region of the body, Lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region (50% - 70%). The most common location in the mouth is the dorsum of tongue. If the positive diagnosis is generally easy, the therapeutic management remains controversial. We report the clinical case of a 23-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the right submandibular region. The clinically suspected tumor was thoroughly explored using tomodensitometry. The treatment consisted of complete resection by a cervicotomy with histological examination confirming the macroscopic diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Follow-up at 3 years showed no recurrence.

Levels of biological markers of nitric oxide in serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide（NO）and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde（MDA）and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers.These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment.Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum.The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）kit,and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay.Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease.Moreover,higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people.After treatment,lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment.In addition,lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded,whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment.The compounds formed with the contribution of NO,such as MDA and nitrotyrosine,may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity,and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well.Moreover,the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA,and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO.

A Real-Time Oral Cavity Gesture Based Words Synthesizer Using Sensors

The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.

Delayed pseudoaneurysm formation of the carotid artery following the oral cavity injury in a child:A case report

BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.

The State of the Oral Cavity of Adolescents Who Spend More than 3 Hours at the Computer

A significant increase in dental diseases in adolescents who spend a long time at the computer, according to modern concepts, is mediated by the electromagnetic field of the computer, the impact of which has not been fully studied. The paper presents data from a comparative study of the dental status of the oral cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in adolescents aged 18 to 15 who spend more than 5 (target group of 55 adolescents) and less than 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The selection of the contingent was carried out randomly. According to the dental characteristics of the oral cavity, the number of dental plaque was assessed according to the simplified Turkish OHI-S hygiene index, in the modification Hi Fedorov-Volotkina, the severity of inflammatory and destructive changes in periodontal tissues according to the Pi index (Russell), and their prevalence according to the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index PMA in Parma modification. The conducted comparative study showed that in adolescents who worked 8 - 12 hours at the computer, periodontal changes occur much more often and are more pronounced than in adolescents who worked less than 5 hours. In addition, the neurohormonal parameters of the saliva of adolescents who are at the computer for less than 5 hours practically do not change, but in adults who work longer than 8 hours the saliva data in the mouth changes while.

Origin of Candida albicans in Human Oral Cavity

Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes marital infection or not. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the origin of oral C. albicans by investigating the colonization and infection route to oral cavities of this organism with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: After C. albicans was isolated from four subjects (average age: 42.2, range: 33 - 56), the isolations of this organism from them were performed six months later again. To investigate whether C. albicans is an oral resident microorganism, the genotype homology of each C. albicans isolates that were isolated twice from the same subjects was compared. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated from five pairs of married couples (average period of cohabitation: 12.4 years, range: 5 - 31). To investigate whether C. albicans causes marital infection, the genotype homology of C. albicans isolates that were isolated from each pair of married couples was compared. Results: AP-PCR patterns of C. albicans that were isolated from each subject at o month and after 6 months showed the identical genotypes among each individual. C. albicans isolates from five pairs of married couples showed the identical genotypes between a husband and wife of each pair on AP-PCR. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans was an oral resident microorganism and caused the marital infection.

Determination of Fungal Colonization in the Oral Cavity of College Students

In recent years, an increase in opportunistic fungal colonization in the oral cavity in immunocompetent patients （IC） has been observed. In the bibliography, the most observable genre is Candida and less frequently found are other opportunistic such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Cryptococcus, and others. The authors determined the presence of fungi in the oral cavity of IC students, and their relationship with the concentration of secretory IgA in saliva. To this end, we collected 50 samples of oral cavity swabs, which underwent direct examination and culture in Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. For its identification, CHROMagar Candida and API Candida （BioMerieux） were used. We obtained nine positive cultures （7 Candida albicans and 2 Saccharomyses cerevisiae）, which represented 18% of the studied population. Throughout radial immunodiffusion （RID plates-PLATE）, we determined the concentration of secretory IgA. No relationship was observed between the colonized group and group that was not colinized. The colonization rate found is below the one described in the bibliography （30% to 50%）. However, these opportunistic fungi cause transitory colonization with no clinical relevance in IC patients and, its percentage can vary according to the studied population.

Application of Midline Catheter in Patients with Oral Cavity Malignancies during Perioperative Period

Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malignancies admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. 73 patients treated with midline catheters during the treatment were the experimental group, and another 73 patients were treated with indwelling needles as the control group. The indwelling time, total number of puncturing times, and incidence of adverse reactions of two catheterization methods were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, each patient was investigated for treatment satisfaction. Result: The indwelling time was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.0001), and the total number of puncturing times in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (χ2 = 4.960, P = 0.0259) was significantly lower than that in the control group in terms of catheter occlusion (χ2 = 12.56, P = 0.0004), catheter detachment (χ2 = 8.46, P = 0.0036), drug extravasation (χ2 = 3.27, P = 0.0011), phlebitis (χ2 = 3.62, P = 0.0003), and bleeding from the puncture point (χ2 = 14.98, P = 0.0001). The satisfaction rate (χ2 = 33.45, P < 0.0001) and fundamental satisfaction rate (χ2 = 16.57, P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the dissatisfaction rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ2 = 11.38, P = 0.0007). The difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with indwelling needle, the application of midline catheters in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period can effectively reduce the number of puncturing times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, with a high satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Genotyping and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Sequential Candida albicans Isolated from the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals

Objective： The study aimed to evaluate the genotypic profiles of C. albicans （Candida albicans） sequentially isolated throughout the course of HIV infections, and to determine its MIC （minimal inhibitory concentrations） to AMB （amphotericin B）, FLC （fluconazole）, KTC （ketoconazole）, and ITC （itraconazole）. Design： samples were collected from the oral cavity of HIV-positive individuals during 4 years, with a sterilized swab. MIC was performed by using the microdilution method AFST/EUCAST. The genetic similarities within and between sequential clones of C. albicans were assessed by DNA fingerprinting using the random amplification ofpolymorphic DNA technique. Results： A total of 142 oral samples were isolated from 59 HIV-infected individuals who attempted up to five visits each, with or without symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Profile analysis revealed that yeasts isolated over sequential visits from symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals showed 78% or 87% relatedness, respectively. The degree of similarity among C. albicans was higher for isolates from colonization than for those from infection. Genetically identical C. albicans samples also formed connected subelusters in sequential visits. In regard to susceptibility profile, all isolates were susceptible to AMB, FLC, KTC, and ITC and maintained this pattern all along, no differences in MICs of any given antifungal compound were observed for sequential C. albicans isolates. Conclusions： These data suggest that genotype and susceptibility to antifimgal drugs were maintained over time in sequentially isolates of C. albicans colonization and a diverse evolutionary genetic trend in C. albicans sequentially isolated from the oral eandidiasis of HIV infected individuals.

Isolation and Identification Methods for Oral Klebsiella pneumoniae Involved in Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Purpose: Recently, it was reported that Klebsiella pneumoniae is related to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease including the Crohn disease. It was frequently reported that K. pneumoniae was detected in human oral cavities. Regrettably, it currently remains unclear whether K. pneumoniae is part of the normal oral flora. The aim of this study was to establish the isolation and identification methods for K. pneumoniae from human oral cavities, and investigate its transmission pattern. Methods: A selective medium, OKPSM, for the isolation of K. pneumoniae from oral cavities was developed in this study. Also, PCR primer for the identification and detection at subspecies level of K. pneumoniae was designed. Results: OKPSM and PCR method using the primers designed in this study were useful for the isolation and identification of K. pneumoniae from human oral cavities. K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae was detected at 10.0% in 30 saliva samples. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae and K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis were detected from no sample. Moreover, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates from same subject at 0 month and after 3 months showed same genotypes on AP-PCR using OPA-07 primer. Conclusion: These results indicated that human oral cavities were not suitable for the habitat of K. pneumoniae.

Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two Selected Senior High Schools in Kumasi

BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

Oral myiasis after cerebral infarction in an elderly male patient from southern China:A case report

BACKGROUND Myiasis is a rare but risky pathology caused by a parasitic infestation of humansand animals by the dipterous larva. Oral myiasis occurs when soft tissues of theoral cavity are invaded by the larvae of flies. It is not a common disease for thereason that the oral cavity is not easily reachable for the fly to lay eggs. But it cancause pain, infection, uncomfortable feeling when the worms move, tissuedestruction and/or even life-threatening hemorrhages.CASE SUMMARY We reported a case of oral myiasis after cerebral infarction in a 78-year-old malepatient from southern China (Guangdong Zhanjiang). As a result of cerebralinfarction, he suffered from right hemiplegia, mobility and mental decline forabout 3 mo. He had difficulty swallowing and was fed via a feeding tube. Hemostly engaged in mouth breathing and had poor oral and dental hygiene. Morethan 20 live larvae were collected from the patient’s oral cavity, which werelocalized in the maxillary gingiva, the mandibular gingiva and the tongue. Thepatient recovered after the routine oral cleaning, removal of maggots,debridement and anti-infection treatment.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment of this infestation are essential due to thebothersome symptoms, such as inflammation, intense anxiety over the larvaemovement, possible serious complications, etc. Clinical staff should be familiarwith this infestation, and this disease should be considered, especially inphysically and mentally disabled patients or those at significant risk for infection.Necessary measures, including good sanitation, personal and environmentalhygiene and special care should be adopted so as to prevent this disease.

Reviews of Research on the Relationship between Oral Helicobacter pylori and H. pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogens among humans, and it is also closely related to stomach diseases. Spread of its diseases must be understood to properly control H. pylori. Oral H. pylori may also play an important role in the spread of the bacterium. This study provides an overview on the role of oral H. pylori in spread, diagnosis,and prevention of this organism. The present work also determines difficulties encountered in current studies and progress of research on the relationship between oral H. pylori and oral diseases.

Spindle cell lipoma of the mandibular mucogingival junction: a case report of unusual oral neoplasm

Spindle cell lipoma（SCL） is a benign lipomatous neoplasm typically located in the posterior neck and back of older males. It presents as a well-circumscribed mass in the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth or hard palate. There are only two case reports of SCL in the gingiva and alveolar ridge. Here, we report a case of SCL in the mandibular mucogingival junction of a 68-year-old male. Clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are presented. Although oral SCL is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms occurring in the oral cavity.

Study on the Distribution at Species Level of Genus Candida in Human Oral Cavities, Using Culture and Multiplex PCR Methods

Purpose: Although the genus Candida is frequently isolated from human oral cavities, the distribution at the species level of these organisms has been little reported. The purpose of the present study was to assess the distribution at the species level of the genus Candida in human oral cavities. Methods: This study was performed using culture and Multiplex PCR methods. Moreover, the genotyping classification of C. albicans was analyzed with a PCR. Results: Of all subjects (n = 90), detection frequency of genus Candida was 42.2%. Genus Candida was not detected in the subjects between 0 to 9 years old, and there was no difference in the detection frequencies of this organism among each generation from 10s to 80s. C. albicans was the most dominant species, followed by C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. dubliniensis. Plural Candida species tended not to be detected in the individual sample. Genotype A was dominant in the C. albicans isolates. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans of genotype A was dominant and that the genus Candida rarely coexists with other Candida species, in each individual oral cavity.

An Overview of the Use of Medicinal Plants in Regenerative Dentistry

Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future alternatives proposed by medicinal plants and all the regenerative potential of these different tissues. Material and Methods: A detailed review of the literature through the various search engines: Scopus, PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, etc., uses the selected keywords to explore the effect of the regenerative potential of several medicinal plants. Results: Through our research, we have proceeded to sort different medicinal plants, according to their repairing and regenerative potential on the different tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Future studies are conceivable to explore the opportunities and potential provided by medicinal plants in the field of regenerative dentistry.

Role of dental plaque,saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Although H. pylori may be detected in the stomach of approximately half of the world&#x02019;s population, the mechanisms of transmission of the microorganism from individual to individual are not yet clear. Transmission of H. pylori could occur through iatrogenic, fecal-oral, and oral-oral routes, and through food and water. The microorganism may be transmitted orally and has been detected in dental plaque and saliva. However, the role of the oral cavity in the transmission and recurrence of H. pylori infection has been the subject of debate. A large number of studies investigating the role of oral hygiene and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection have varied significantly in terms of their methodology and sample population, resulting in a wide variation in the reported results. Nevertheless, recent studies have not only shown that the microorganism can be detected fairly consistently from the oral cavity but also demonstrated that the chances of recurrence of H. pylori infection is more likely among patients who harbor the organism in the oral cavity. Furthermore, initial results from clinical trials have shown that H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients may benefit from periodontal therapy. This paper attempts to review the current body of evidence regarding the role of dental plaque, saliva, and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection.

An association between Helicobacter pylori and upper respiratory tract disease: Fact or fiction?

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers and considerable evidence supports the notion that infection with this bacterium is also associated with gastric malignancy in addition to various other conditions including pulmonary, vascular and autoimmune disorders. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might play an important role in upper respiratory tract infection. Although direct and/or indirect mechanisms might be involved in the association between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the etiological role of H. pylori in upper respiratory tract disorders has not yet been fully elucidated. Although various studies over the past two decades have suggested a relationship between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the findings are inconsistent. The present overview describes the outcomes of recent investigations into the impact of H. pylori on upper respiratory tract and adjacent lesions.

Helicobacter pylori and its reservoirs:A correlation with the gastric infection

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) has long been found to cause gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. The transmission medium of this bacterium has yet to be determined, though several studies have speculated that the oral cavity is a reservoir for H. pylori. Others have also reported that the oral cavity may be a source of both transmission and gastric reinfection; however, such results are controversial. We reviewed the literature and selected studies that report an association among H. pylori detections in the oral cavity(dental plaque, saliva, tongue, tonsil tissue, root canals, oral mucosa) in humans and in animals, as well as in the human stomach. The oral cavity may be considered the main reservoir for H. pylori. There are a correlations between H. pylori infection in the oral cavity and periodontal disease, oral tissue inflammation, H. pylori transmission, and gastric reinfection. We believe that the mouth is a reservoir and that it plays a crucial role in both H. pylori transmission and gastric infection.