Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials:A Review Based on Micro‑Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls

Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.

Analysis of the Ore-Controlling Structure of Ductile Shear Zone Type Gold Deposit in Southern Beishan Area, Gansu, Northwest China

The ductile shear zone-type gold deposit is a kind that both the ore-forming mechanism and ore-controlling factors are closely related to the ductile shear zone and its evolution. Ductile shear zone develops in Beishan area, Gansu of Northwest China, and develops especially well in the south belt. The controls of the ductile shear zone on gold deposits are as follows. （1） The regional distribution of gold deposits （and gold spots） is controlled by the ductile shear zone. （2） The ductile-brittle shear zone is formed in the evolution process of ductile shear zone and both are only ore-bearing structures and control the shape, attitude, scale, and distribution of mineralization zones and ore-bodies. （3） Compresso-shear ductile deformation results in that the main kind of gold mineralization is altered mylonite type and the main alteralization is metasomatic. （4） Ore-bearing fracture systems are mainly P-type ones, some D-type and R-type ones, but only individual R＇-type and T-type ones. （5） Dynamic differen- tiation and dynamic metamorphic hydrothermal solution resulting from ductile deformation is one of the sources of ore-forming fluid of gold mineralization, and this is identical with that ore-forming materials are mainly from metamorphic rocks, and ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of metamorphic water, and with the fluid inclusion and geo-chemical characteristics of the deposit. （6） There is a negative correlation between the gold abundance and susceptibility anlsotropy （P） of the altered mylonlte samples from the deposit, which shows that the gold mineralization is slightly later than the structural deformation. All above further expound the ore-forming model of the ductile shear zone type of gold deposits.

Analysis of the ore-controlling structure of the Shihu gold deposit, Hebei Province and deep-seated ore-prospecting prediction

Under the guidance of the theory of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis and on the basis of the geological characteristics, analysis of the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, the geochemical characteristics of metallogenesis, the source of ore-forming materials, changes in the physical and chemical conditions of metallogenesis, changes in the vertical width of ore veins, and changes in gold grade of the Shihu gold deposit, the mechanism of its metallogenesis was discussed and the rules of vertical variation of ore veins were summarized in this study. It is pointed out that the orebodies under exploitation at present time should be in the middle and upper portions of gold veins in the Shihu gold mining district. Particularly on the basis of the characteristics of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis, it is indicated that metallogenesis is controlled mainly by such ore-forming conditions as temperature and pressure. Deep-seated ore-forming fluids are characterized mainly by injection and precipitation. So the vein bodies in the adjacent metallogenic structures are of obvious comparability, and there would be great prospects for ore search both at depth and in the periphery of the Shihu gold deposit. Therefore, ore prospecting should be strengthened both at depth and in the peripheries.

Analysis of the ore-controlling role of Guojiadian mantle branch structure,Northwest Shandong Peninsula,China

Metallogenesis in the gold ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula is closely related to deep processes.The region in the eastern part of North China entered into the stage of mantle plume evolution during the Yanshanian movement,following the long-time stage of stable platform evolution during Paleozoic time.At that time,the ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula just entered into the development-evolution stage of the Laiyang sub-mantle plume and the Guojiadian mantle branch structure in its periphery.The core-mantle-source gold was present in the gas-liquid form,and it migrated through mantle plume→sub-mantle plume→mantle branch structure→favorable tectonic expansion zone to the favorable loci of the mantle branch structure,where gold was deposited as ores,thereafter constituting a series of large-to medium-sized gold deposits distributed around the Guojiadian mantle branch structure.This study also dealt with the Jiaojia fault as the main detachment(fault altered rock) belt on the northwestern margin of the mantle branch structure and also presented a basic cognition about the fact that the Sanshandao fault as the listric fault on the hanging wall of the detachment belt.Furthermore,on this basis,this study also pointed out the orientation for further ore prospecting in this region.

Study on the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure of the Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit, Hebei Province, China

The Mujicun Cu (Mo) ore deposit at Laiyuan, Hebei Province, is a currently proven large-sized Cu (Mo) polymetallic ore deposit and it is located in the second-ordered fault depression basin of the ditachment belt on the hanging-wall on the western side at the juncture of the Laiyuan dumbell-shaped complex in the northern part of the Fuping mantle-branch structure. Metallogenesis is controlled by diorite porphyrite in intrusive relation with the fault depression basin and other relevant fault structure systems and intenstive wall-rock alteration zones. This study, in conjunction with the most recent exploration data, analyzed the geological background of metallogenesis of this deposit, summaried the geological characteristics of typical ore deposits, determined the alteration zonation of the deposit, investigated regional metallogenesis and the genesis of typical ore deposits, discussed the regional ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, and generalized the regional ore-controlling model and metallogenic model of the deposit. It is considered that the Mujicun porphry Cu (Mo) deposit, the Tieling, Futuyu, Xiaoligou and other skarn-type Fe-Cu deposits and the He'ergou hydrothermal-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit jointly constitute a three-in-one polymetallic orefield, with the characteristics of typical metallogenic series.

GEOCHEMICAL REASERCH ON ORE-CONTROLLING STRUCTURE IN LIAODONG LUOQUANBEI-BAIYUN GOLD MINERAL BELT

In recent2 0 years,because of the finding ofmany large- superlargegold deposits,we re- new the theories for prospecting and gain many things and conceptions.The current geo- chemical and gold- forming theories underline the importance of the early submarine volcano- sedimentation,metamorphic differention,sedimentation of terrigenous clastics,thermal spring and it’s sedimentation,syngenesis process and other hypergene supplying the source for metallogenic materials.According to the study for source bed(rock) and depsitional for- mation of gold,we find that gold will be gradually enriched and mineralized in source bed (rock) ,because of variousgeologicprocesses,such as regional metamorphism ormigmatiza- tion,geothermal bittern,volcanism. The ore- control of deep and giant fault and ductile shear beltand tectono- flash space is emphasized,especially,we should notice the long- term, succession and multistage of the

Characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong and its roles in minerogenesis and ore-controlling

This work deals with the characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong Province, China, with respect to the distribution characteristics and ages of the regional strata, the development of ring-like and radial faults, the development of gently inclined detachment-slip structures in the axial part, mantle-source magmatic activities, regional petrology, petrochemistry and isotope geology. The study indicated that the N-W sharply plunged ductile shear zone in the region of western Shandong cuts through the mantle rocks detached from the deep-seated North China mantle sub-plume, hence leading to unloading in response to depressurization and thereafter the formation of anatexis magma. The intense and complete magmatic evolution series not only manifests a variation trend of alkalinity of magma from high to low and its intrusive depth from deep to shallow, but also reflects that the wall-rock alteration shows a general evolution trend from strong to weak. The evolution of mantle structure played an important role in controlling endo-mineralogenesis, accompanied with the rise of the country rocks. As a result, typical mantle branch structures were formed as observed in western Shandong. At the top of the mantle branch structure was developed an obvious detachment-tilt fault block, and some endogenic ores, at the same time, were uplifted onto the shallow levels.

Identification of time-varying system and energy-based optimization of adaptive control in seismically excited structure

The combination of structural health monitoring and vibration control is of great importance to provide components of smart structures.While synthetic algorithms have been proposed,adaptive control that is compatible with changing conditions still needs to be used,and time-varying systems are required to be simultaneously estimated with the application of adaptive control.In this research,the identification of structural time-varying dynamic characteristics and optimized simple adaptive control are integrated.First,reduced variations of physical parameters are estimated online using the multiple forgetting factor recursive least squares(MFRLS)method.Then,the energy from the structural vibration is simultaneously specified to optimize the control force with the identified parameters to be operational.Optimization is also performed based on the probability density function of the energy under the seismic excitation at any time.Finally,the optimal control force is obtained by the simple adaptive control(SAC)algorithm and energy coefficient.A numerical example and benchmark structure are employed to investigate the efficiency of the proposed approach.The simulation results revealed the effectiveness of the integrated online identification and optimal adaptive control in systems.

Multiple-Step Predictive Control for Offshore Structures

Ocean wave propagation is slow, visible and measurable, so a wave theory can be used to approximately predict the imminnent wave force on an offshore structure based on measured, real-time wave elevation near the structure. This predictability suggests the development of a more efficient algorithm, than those that have been developed for structures under wind and seismic loads, for the active vibration control of offshore structures. The present study delveops a mutiple-step predictive optimal control (MPOC) algorithm that accounts for multiple step external loading in the determination of optimal control forces. The control efficiency of the newly developed MPOC algorithm has been Investigated under both regular (single-frequency) and irregular (multiple-frequency) wave loads, and compared with that of two other well-known optimal control algorithms: classical linear optimal control(CLOC) and instantaneous optimal control(IOC).

Three-Dimensional Normal Stress for Controlling Electronic Structure and Magnetic Property of Fe2Ge

A system study of the three-dimensional normal stress for regulating electronic structure and magnetic property of Fe_2Ge is studied. The density states of Fe more than 92% contribution come from Fe 3d,the density states of Ge mainly contributed from Ge 4p and Ge 4s,and the Fe 3d spin induces the Ge 4p electron transfer. The inductive effect increases germanium electron energy,weakens the Fe spin density of states,opposes the stability of the ferromagnetic state. The magnetic moment varies from 5 to 3 μB with the stress charges from-30 to 30 GPa. The charge of Fe is negative whereas the Ge atom is positively charged,the Fe atom loses charge,the charge transfers to the Ge atom. The unevenly distributed charge forms the newoccupy state and spin polarization state in the Fe_2Ge electron structure system. The Fe is the electron donor,the total electron is transferred to Ge,but the total numbers of gain electron and total numbers of lost electron are not equal,so the Fe_2Ge electron system may have hybridization between the Fe 3d state and Ge 4p state.The magnetic of Fe_2Ge mainly comes from the unoccupied Fe 3d orbital,the Fe 3d is positive spinpolarization state and the spin-polarization strength is decreased,the Ge 4p is negative spin-polarization state and the spin-polarization strength are increased. M oreover,electrons-spin polarization is relevant to the structure parameters of the Fe_2Ge system,and controls spin-polarized electronic behavior by means of adjusting ferromagnetic.

Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers

In this paper, the control performance is investigated of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) over torsional response of offshore platform structures excited by ground motions. Based on the equation of motion for the CTLCD-structure system, the optimal control parameters of CTLCD are given through some derivations on the supposition that the ground motion is a stochastic process. The influence of systematic parameters on the equivalent damping ratio of the structures is analyzed with purely torsional vibration and translational-torsional coupled vibration, respectively. The results show that the Circular Tuned Liquid Column Damper (CTLCD) is an effective torsional response control device.

Mechanical analysis of en echelon structure and its significance of controlling earthquakes

The paper deals with the mechanical origin and rules of en echelon folds and their secondary fractures by means of elastic stability theory and nonlinear fracture criterion.Obtains the quantitative relations among en echelon angles of en echelon folds,ratios of boundary stresses and en echelon pitches of shear zone under an action of general boundary forces(tension shear,pure shear or compression shear).As an applied example,the paper researches the displacement field,stress field,distortion energy distribution, state of secondary fractures and energy released by fracturing of en echelon fold structure developed at the east foot of Taihang Mountain.The results of research show that maximum principal (compressive) stresses,maximum shear stresses,high value area of distortion energy are in the nuclear parts of en echelon folds.In these parts compressive fractures were easily developed in approximately parallel with fold axis.So it is verified that the secondary fracture of en echelon folds is a mechanism controlling a strong earthquake.

New strategy for controlling structures collapse against earthquakes

A control strategy for structures subjected to earthquake actions is investigated. The strategy is inspired from the human beings reaction when they are attack by earthquake excitation. Humans realize the earthquake excitation by the neurons, sent this information to the brain, a decision is taken there and by neuron system the decision is sent it back to the muscles for suitable action. In similar way the control strategy consists of monitoring the incoming signal, analyzing it and recognizing its dynamic characteristics, applying the control algorithm for the calculation of the required action, and, finally, applying this action. Thus, the way in which the structure is controlled, and the algorithm that is used, are based on the dynamic characteristics and the frequency content of the applied earthquake signal. The algorithm transforms the earthquake signal and structure into a complex plane and, depending on their relative positions, the equivalent forces that should be applied to the structure by the control devices, which are installed on the building, are calculated. From the numerical results it is shown that the above control procedure is efficient in reducing the response of building structures subjected to earthquake loading, with small amount of required control forces. The influence of time delay and saturation capacity is taken into account. Characteristic buildings controlled by pole placement algorithm and subjected to earthquake excitation are analyzed for a range of levels of time delay and saturation capacity of the control devices. The response reduction surfaces for the combined influence of time delay and force saturation of the controlled buildings are obtained. Conclusions regarding the choice of the control system and the desired properties of the control devices are drawn.

Offshore Structural Control Considering Fluid Structure Interaction

Tuned Mass Damper （TMD） was applied to an offshore structure to control ocean wave-induced vibration, In the analysis of the dynamic response of the offshore structure, fluid-structure interaction is considered and the errors, which occur in the linearization of the interaction, are investigated. For the investigation of the performance of TMD in controlling the vibration, both regular waves with different periods and irregular waves with different significant wave heights are used. Based on the numerical analysis it is concluded that the fluid-structure interaction should be considered in the evaluation of the capability of TMD in vibration control of offshore structures.

Population Structure Dynamics and Control Countermeasures of Sugarcane Borers in Yunnan Sugarcane Area

To control sugarcane borers scientifically and effectively, the species, population structure and dynamics of sugarcane borers in Yunnan sugarcane areas were analyzed, based on the historical data and survey research. The distribution area and damage of the major sugarcane borers in Yunnan sugarcane areas were ascertained, and the factors influencing population structure dynamics of sugarcane borers and their rampant causes were revealed. According to the damaging characteristics of sugarcane borers, suitable control countermeasures were proposed, including establish-ing and improving sugarcane quarantine system, enhancing quarantine of imported varieties/clones, investigating new sugarcane borer populations thoroughly and systematically, establishing early warning and monitoring system, actively carrying out physical and biological control, and enhancing protection of natural enemies. These countermeasures could help to effectively control sugarcane borers and reduce the damage caused by these borers.

Synthesis of the Core-Shell Structure Materials as the Controlled-Release Drug Carrier

We have developed a controlled-release drug carrier. Smartly controlled-release polymer nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through RAFT polymerization as the controlled-release core. The structural and particle properties of polymer nanoparticles were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mesoporous materials were selected as the shell materials to encapsulate the smart core as the stable shell. The mesoporous shell was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the results showed that a well-defined core-shell structure with mesoporous structure was obtained, and this controllable delivery system will have the great potential in nanomedicine.

3D characterization and analysis of pore structure of packed ore particle beds based on computed tomography images

Methods and procedures of three-dimensional （3D） characterization of the pore structure features in the packed ore particle bed are focused. X-ray computed tomography was applied to deriving the cross-sectional images of specimens with single particle size of 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 ram. Based on the in-house developed 3D image analysis programs using Matlab, the volume porosity, pore size distribution and degree of connectivity were calculated and analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the volume porosity, the mean diameter of pores and the effective pore size （d50） increase with the increasing of particle size. Lognormal distribution or Gauss distribution is mostly suitable to model the pore size distribution. The degree of connectivity investigated on the basis of cluster-labeling algorithm also increases with increasing the particle size approximately.

Fuzzy variable structure delay control algorithms and their applications to AQM

This paper analyzes the fuzzy variable structure control algorithms for delay systems and describes the compensation mechanism of the integral factor to the effect of the delay. Based on the linearized model of the congestion-avoidance flow-control mode of transmission control protocol (TCP), we present delay control algorithms for active queue management (AQM) and discuss the parameter tuning of the algorithms. The NS (network simulator) simulation results show that the proposed control scheme for the nonlinear TCP/AQM model has good performance and robustness with respect to the uncertainties of the round-trip time (RTT) and the number of active TCP sessions. Compared to other similar schemes, our algorithms perform better in terms of packet loss ratio, throughput and butter fluctuation.

VIBRATION CONTROL OF A SPACE TRUSS STRUCTURE WITH A PIEZOELECTRIC ACTIVE MEMBER

Active vibration control is an effective way of increasing robustness of the design to meet the stringent accuracy requirements for space structures. This paper presents the results of active damping realized by a piezoelectric active member to control the vibration of a four-bay four-longern aluminum truss structure with cantilever boundary. The active member, which utilizes a piezoelectric actuating unit and an integrated load cell, is designed for vibration control of the space truss structures. Active damping control is realized using direct velocity feedback around the active member. The placement of the active member as one of the most important factor of affecting the control system performance, is also investigated by modal dissipation energy ratio as indicator. The active damping effectiveness is evaluated by comparing the closed-loop response with the open loop response.

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELLING EXPERIMENTS ON THE DEPOSIT-CONTROLLING STRUCTURE OF SHEAR-ZONE GOLD DEPOSIT IN CHINA

THE CHARACTERISTICS ANDMODELLING EXPERIMENTS ON THEDEPOSIT-CONTROLLING STRUCTUREOF SHEAR-ZONE GOLD DEPOSITIN CHINAWu Xueyi(Institute of Geochemistry, Academia Sinica, Guiyang, 550002, China)shear zone, gold-controlled structure, modelling experimentThe shear-zone gold deposits found in China can be divided into four types: (1) gold deposits controlled by the ductile shear-zones; (2) gold deposits controlled by the brittle-ductile shear zones; (3) gold deposits conntrolled by the ductile-brittle shear zones; (4) gold deposits controlled by the brittle shear zones. These gold deposits mostly occurred in the regions with higher abundance of gold, which underwent a long and complicated evolution-ary process and had obvious zoning and multiperiod metallogenic feature. The modelling exper-imental result of gold-controlled structure shows that the thermodynamics of compresso-shear structures made gold mobilizing and migrating in the earlier stage of shear zone; and that the extension process did