Study on the multi-sources of ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids in the Huize lead-zinc ore deposit

The Huize large-sized Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is characterized by favorable metallogenic background and particular geological settings. This suggested that the ore-forming mechanism is relatively unique. On the basis of geological features such as the contents of mineralization elements, the REE concentrations of gangue calcites, the REE concentrations of calcite veins in the NE-trending tectonic zone and the Pb, Sr, C, H and O isotopic compositions of different minerals, this paper presents that the ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids of the deposit were derived from various types of strata or rocks. This is a very significant conclusion for us to further discuss the mineralization mechanism of the deposit at depth and establish an available genetic model.

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and ore-forming materials source of the Tudimiaogou – Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield, west Henan

1 Introduction The Tudimiaogou-Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield is located in the Tudimiaogou-Weimoshi lead and zinc silver polymetallic metallogenic belt.The belt is an important part of southwestern Henan lead and zinc

Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from the main stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan Province and that in quartz from Laowan granite were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry （ICP-MS） to trace the source of ore-forming materials. Meanwhile, the REE compositions of the deposit ore, granite and metamorphic wall rock were also considered for comparative studies in detail. The range of ∑REE of quartz and pyrite from the deposit ores is 4.18 × 10^-6- 30.91 × 10^-6, the average of ∑REE is 13.39 × 10^-6, and the average of ∑REE of quartz in the Laowan granite is 6.68 × 10^-6. There is no distinct difference of REE parameters between the deposit ore quartz and granite quartz. The quartz in gold deposit has the same REE particular parameters as quartzes from Laowan granite, such as δEu, δCe, （La/Yb）N and （La/Sm）N, partition degree of LREE to HREE, especially, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, but no similarity to those from metamorphic wall rock, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid is mainly the fluid coming from the Laowan granite magma, rather than metamorphic fluid. Meanwhile, comparison studies on REE features between minerals from the deposit ores and related geological bodies in the deposit show that REE characteristics of minerals can serve as an indicator of ore-forming fluid properties and sources, while the REE characteristics of the bulk samples （such as deposit ores, granites and wall rocks） can not trace the source of the ore-forming materials exactly.

Rb-Sr Dating of Pyrite and Quartz Fluid Inclusions and Origin of Ore-forming Materials of the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China

The Jinshan gold deposit is located in the Northeast Jiangxi province,South China,which related to the ductile shear zone.It contains two ore types,i.e.the alteration-type ore and the goldbearing quartz vein ore.Rb-Sr age dating is applied to both gold-bearing pyrite in the alteration-type ore and fluid inclusion in the gold-bearing quartz vein to make clear the time of the gold mineralization of the Jinshan deposit.Analytical results of this study yielded that the age of the alteration-type ore bodies is about 838±110Ma,with an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7045±0.0020.However,the age of the gold-bearing quartz vein-type ore is about 379±49Ma,and the initial 87Sr/86Sr is 0.7138±0.0011.Based on the age data from this work and many previous studies,the authors consider that the Jinshan gold deposit is a product of multi-staged mineralization,which may include the Jinninian,Caledonian,Hercynian,and Yanshanian Periods.Among them,the Jinninian Period and the Hercynian Period might be the two most important ore-forming periods for Jinshan deposit.The Jinninian Period is the main stage for the formation of alteration-type ore bodies,while the Hercynian Period is the major time for ore bodies of gold-bearing quartz vein type.The initial values of the 87Sr/86Sr from this study,as well as the previous isotope and trace element studies,indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly derived from the metamorphic wall rocks,and the ore-forming fluids mainly originated from the deep metamorphic water.

Discussion on the Source of Ore-forming Materials of the Yinan Gold Deposit,Shandong

Based on the main characteristics of the tectonic -magmatic evolution of region and Tanlu fault zone,we have discussed ore-bearing magmatic rocks petrochemistry,strontium and lead isotope,and the source of ore-forming materials in Yinan skarn deposit in this paper.The petrochemical features show that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks are calc-alkaline rocks of sub-alkaline series formed during

Geochemical Tracing of Ore-forming Material Sources of Carlin-type Gold Deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle Area --A Case Study of the Application of the Combined Silicon Isotopes Geochemistry and Siliceous Cathodoluminescence Analysis

Abstract This paper deals with characteristics of silicon isotope compositions and siliceous cathodoluminescence of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal silicified quartz of the Carlin-type ore deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi triangle area. The study shows that primary silicified quartz is nonluminescent but quartz in host rocks and secondary silicified quartz are luminescent by the action of cathode rays. Correspondingly, silicon isotope compositions of host rocks, ores and hydro6thermal quartz veins are clearly distinguished. In strata from the Middle Triassic to the “Dachang” host bed, δ30Si of the host rocks ranges from 0.0% ?0.3%, while that of primary ore-forming silicified fluids from ?0.1% to ?0.4%; in the Upper Permian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Indosinian diabase host beds, δ30Si of the host rocks is from ?0.1% to ?0.2% and that of the primary silicified quartz veins from 0.3 % ?0.5 %. This pattern demonstrates the following geochemical mineralization process, primary ore-forming siliceous fluids migrated upwards quickly along the main passages of deep-seated faults from mantle to crust and entered secondary faults where gold deposits were eventually formed as a result of permeation and replacement of the siliceous ore-forming fluids into different ore-bearing strata. This gives important evidence for the fact that ore-forming fluids of this type of gold deposits were mainly derived from upper mantle differentiation and shows good prospects for deep gold deposits and geochemical background for large and superlarge gold deposits.

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry Characteristics of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from main mineralized stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan province and that of quartz from Laowan granite were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The REE of deposit ore of the Laowan gold deposit, wall-rock and Laowan granite also were studied to trace the source of metallogenic materials in Laowan gold deposit in detail. The range of ∑ REE in quartz and pyrite from gold deposit is 4.18 × 10^-6 - 30.91 × 10^-6, average of 13.39 × 10^-6, 6.68 × 10^-6 of the Laowan granite quartz, obviously lower to REE concentration of deposit, granite and wall-rock. The value of （La/ Yb）N and （La/Sm）N of ore minerals from the gold deposit is 13.23 and 4.17 respectively. The differences in REE parameters, such as δEu, δCe and diffusion degree in REE from light to heavy, among deposit ore minerals and granite mineral are weak. Especially, there are no differences between the chondrite-normalised REE curves of minerals from gold deposit and those of quartzs in Laowan granite, no similarity to wall-rock＇, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid mainly came from magma fluid resulting from the Laowan granite magma, metamorphic fluid in few. The results also show that REE characteristics of ore minerals in deposit are effective for disclosing oreforming fluid quality comparing with deposit ore＇REE compositions.

Ore-Forming Material Sources of the Shizishan Pb-Zn Deposit in Western Hunan Province,China

Objective The Shizishan Pb-Zn deposit is located in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block,and its Pb-Zn orebodies are mainly hosted in the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation limestone.Previous researches have investigated the geological characteristics,geochemistry and fluid inclusions of this deposit.

Ore-forming mechanism of Xiajinbao gold deposit in Pingquan, Hebei based on fluid inclusions and stable isotopes

The Xiajinbao gold deposit is located in Yong’an-Xiayingfang-Maojiagou polymetallic metallogenic belt,which is animportant metallogenic belt in North China block.In this paper,we present a detailed study on fluid inclusions and stable isotopes ofthe Xiajinbao gold deposit,Hebei Province,China,aiming at discussing the ore source,evolution of ore-forming fluid andore-forming mechanism of the deposit.The macroscopic geological characteristics,S and Pb isotopic analysis results show that thesource of ore-forming materials is mainly from granitic magma,and subordinately from country rocks.H and O isotopic compositionfeatures indicate that the ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from magmatic water.Fluid inclusion characteristics show that theore-forming fluid experienced boiling during the early mineralization stage,which led to the precipitation of gold.Fluid mixingdominated the precipitation of the ore-forming materials during the middle and late stages.The gold precipitation was caused bywater/rock reaction throughout the whole ore-forming process.

Source of ore-forming materials in Laowangzhai gold deposit, Yunnan. Evidence from lead isotopic composition

THE Laowangzhai superlarge gold deposit was found in 1984. Although studies on regional structure, geology of deposits and lamprophyres, which are temporally and spatially related to gold mineralization,have been carried out, the views on the source of ore-forming materials have been different. Thisnote summarized the characteristics of lead isotopic composition of the deposits, and probed further intothe source of ore-forming materials. 1 Geological setting The Laowangzhai gold deposit, located in the north of the Ailaoshan fault zone, consists of Donggualin and Laowangzhai ore block. The strata in the orefield include Paleozoic （Pz3） epimetamorphic ma-

内蒙古二道河铅锌银矿床成矿流体、物质来源及成因探讨

【研究目的】二道河铅锌银矿位于大兴安岭中段,是近年来发现的具有代表性的大型矽卡岩型矿床,通过对该矿床成因的研究将有助于指导大兴安岭中段多金属矿床的勘查工作。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查的基础上,选取各成矿阶段热液石英进行流体包裹体研究,并结合矿石S、Pb同位素与方解石C、O同位素,探讨该矿床成矿流体及物质来源。【研究结果】二道河矿床先后经历了矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段、石英碳酸盐阶段。测温结果显示,热液石英中的包裹体以气液两相为主,矽卡岩阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为310~435℃,盐度为11.7%~0.71%NaCleqv;石英-硫化物阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为195~310℃,盐度为12.9%~0.35%NaCleqv;石英-碳酸盐阶段石英中包裹体均一温度为148~195℃,盐度为4.18%~0.35%NaCleqv。方解石C、O同位素显示矿床经历了水岩反应,并有大气降水的加入。矿石硫同位素δ^(34)S为5.4‰~10.0‰,来源于岩浆与地层的混合硫;铅同位素特征参数表明,铅的来源与造山相关的岩浆作用有关,以上地壳铅为主并混合了少量的深源铅。【结论】综上所述,二道河铅锌银矿的成矿流体与物质来源应与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山后伸展导致的大规模岩浆作用有关。

鲁西地区沂南金矿床成因:硫化物矿石与围岩稀土和微量元素的制约

沂南金矿床为鲁西地区典型的矽卡岩型矿床,产于早白垩世中酸性杂岩与新太古界—寒武系接触带及其附近。本次利用岩/矿石稀土和微量元素组成,示踪成矿物质来源及成矿流体地球化学性质。结果显示,成矿的闪长玢岩负Eu异常不显著,且早矿化阶段发育大量磁铁矿,暗示早阶段成矿流体具有氧化性特征。晚(金)矿化阶段的黄铁矿和黄铜矿相对富集轻稀土元素和高场强元素,负Eu异常显著,Ce异常不明显,且Hf/Sm、Nb/La值大于1,显示含F-的还原性流体特征。矿石的Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta值变化较大,且黄铁矿Co/Ni>10,表明成矿流体源于岩浆水和大气降水的混入。矿石与赋矿围岩具有相似的稀土元素配分模式和微量元素地球化学行为,且具有相同范围/趋势的微量元素比值,说明沂南杂岩体和碳酸盐岩提供了必要的成矿物质。综上,沂南金矿床的成矿过程得到了较好的约束,同时也对区域范围内金矿成因有一定指示意义。

湖北来凤革勒车地区铅锌-萤石矿流体包裹体与C-H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

鄂西南地区铅锌矿化分布广泛,但至今未发现大型矿床,对成矿系统的研究亦存在不足。对来凤革勒车地区铅锌-萤石矿流体包裹体进行了显微测温及C-H-O-S-Pb同位素测试分析。结果表明:区内萤石、方解石流体包裹体均一温度集中在137~170℃之间,盐度变化范围为11.46%~16.89%,属低温度、中低盐度NaCl-H_(2)O体系流体,主要来源可能为含沉积硫酸盐(海相沉积物)的岩石建造变质脱水;δ^(34)S值介于9.5‰~11.8‰之间,均值为10.92‰;^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb<18.20,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb>15.60,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb<39.00,铅同位素具有比值变化小,具有高μ和高ω的特征。硫源和铅源均主要来自于上地壳古生代沉积盆地奥陶纪和寒武纪容矿地层,同生沉积成岩后生中低温热液改造作用是革勒车地区铅锌-萤石矿床的主导成因类型。与鄂湘西扬子地台区典型铅锌矿床进行对比发现,它们具有较大的相似性,同时在成矿流体、古生代沉积环境、构造背景3个方面具有明显的差异性。

ON ORE SOURCE AND ORE-FORMING FLUID OF DONGCHUAN-YIMEN TYPE COPPER DEPOSITS

The macroscopic and microscopic studies (in mineral inclusions, stable isotopes, traceelements, etc.) on the Donchuan-Yimen type copper deposits show that the ore material deriv-ed from host rocks and their underlying beds, and Bi, Pb, Zn probably did from deep frac-tures. The ore-forming fluid is hot brine in nature, and the water in it is probably stratumwater in origin. The sulphur derived from bacteria reducing of sulphate in sea water. Thecarbon derived from marine carbonate. The organic carbon plays an important role in themetallogenesis. In the Kangdian Axis, two deep fractures controlled the sedimentation of thecupriferous algal reef carbonate formation. They were ore-, heat-, brine-conducting tectonicsand led to the formation and transformation of many copper ore beds.

Source and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in the Youjiang Basin,South China:Evidences from Solute Data of Fluid Inclusion Extracts

The source and evolution of ore-forming fluids is important to understand the genesis of Carlin-type gold deposit.Constraints on the source and evolution of ore fluid components by the con-ventional geochemical methods have long been a challenge due to the very fine-grained nature and complex textures of hydrothermal minerals in these deposits.In this study,we present the crush-leach analyzed solute data of fluid inclusion extracts within quartz,calcite,realgar,and fluorite from the Shuiyindong,Nibao,and Yata gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin,providing new insights into the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids.The results show that the high molar Cl/Br ratios up to 2508 in fluid inclusion extracts are indicative of a contribution of magmatic hydrothermal fluids.Flu-ids mixing between basinal and magmatic-hydrothermal fluids are evident on the plots of Cl/Br versus Na/K ratios,showing that ore-stage milky quartz near the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids reflects magma origin of the ore-forming fluids,whereas late ore-stage drusy quartz and realgar near the de-fined basinal fluids suggest the later input of basinal fluids in late-ore stage.Although the predominate-ly host rocks in Shuiyindong,Nibao and Yata gold deposit are bioclastic limestone,sedimentary tuff,and calcareous siltstone,respectively,the solute data of fluid inclusion extracts records they underwent the similar fluid-rocks reactions between the Na-rich magmatic hydrothermal fluids and the Ca-and Mg-rich host rocks.This study highlights the solute data of fluid inclusion extracts obtained by crush-leach analyses have the potential to fingerprint the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of the Carlin-type gold deposit.

Genesis, metallogenic model, and prospecting prediction of the Nibao gold deposit in the Guizhou Province, China

Southwestern Guizhou province is one of China’s most important distribution areas of Carlin-type gold deposits. The Nibao deposit is a typical gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou. To elucidate the genesis of the Nibao gold deposit, establish a metallogenic model, and guide prospecting prediction, we systematically collected previously reported geological, geochemical, and dating data and discussed the genesis of the Nibao gold deposit,based on which we proposed the metallogenic model.Earlier works show that the Nibao anticline, F1 fault, and its hanging wall dragged anticline(Erlongqiangbao anticline) were formed before or simultaneously with gold mineralization, while F2, F3, and F4 faults postdate gold mineralization. Regional geophysical data showed extensive low resistivity anomaly areas near the SBT(the product of tectonic slippage and hydrothermal alteration)between the P2/P3 and the strata of the Longtan Formation in the SSE direction of Nibao anticline in the lower plate of F1 and hanging wall dragged anticline(Erlongqiangbao anticline), and the anomaly areas are distributed within the influence range of anticlines. Simultaneously, soil and structural geochemistry show that F1, Nibao anticline,Erlongqiangbao anticline, and their transition areas all show good metallogenic elements(Au, As, and S) assemblage anomalies, with good metallogenic space and prospecting possibilities. There are five main hypotheses about the source of ore-forming fluids and Au in the Nibao gold deposit:(1) related to the Emeishan mantle plume activity;(2) source from the Emeishan basalt;(3) metamorphic fluid mineralization;(4) basin fluid mineralization;(5) related to deep concealed magmatic rocks;of these, the mainstream understanding is the fifth speculation. It is acknowledged that the ore-forming fluids are hydrothermal fluids with medium–low temperature, high pressure, medium–low salinity, low density, low oxygen fugacity, weak acidity, weak reduction, and rich in CO_(2)and CH_(4). The fluid pressure is 2–96.54 MPa, corresponding to depths of 0.23–3.64 km. The dating results show that the metallogenic age is ~141 Ma, the extensional tectonic environment related to the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Based on the above explanation, the genetic model related to deep concealed magmatic rocks of the Nibao gold deposit is established, and favorable prospecting areas are outlined;this is of great significance for regional mineral exploration and studying the genesis of gold deposits.

湘南龙王山金矿床金的赋存状态及成矿物质来源研究

龙王山金矿床位于湖南省常宁市水口山多金属矿田内,是一个中型金矿床。本文在详细的野外地质工作基础上,对龙王山金矿床进行系统的矿相学、矿石电子探针成分分析、矿石S-Pb同位素以及含矿石英H-O同位素等综合研究。结果显示,龙王山金矿床中的可见金主要为显微金,以包体金、晶隙金和裂隙金的形式分布于载金矿物中。电子探针分析结果表明,氧化矿石的金含量普遍高于原生矿石,反映金在氧化带中相对富集。原生矿石中的不可见金主要为机械混入的微粒金;氧化矿石中金颗粒在胶体沉淀过程中被吸附于褐铁矿表面。龙王山金矿床原生矿石中黄铁矿的S同位素组成为δ^(34)SV-CDT=–2.67‰~–0.23‰,Pb同位素组成比较均一:^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=18.312~18.520,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.648~15.698,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.599~38.782,表明成矿物质主要来源于晚侏罗世岩浆活动。H-O同位素分析结果显示,含矿石英δD=–78.0‰~–61.4‰,δ^(18)O_(H_(2)O)=–1.7‰~1.5‰,表明龙王山金矿床成矿流体早期主要为岩浆水,后期有大气降水注入。晚侏罗世,研究区爆发了大规模花岗质岩浆活动,岩浆结晶晚期富含Au等成矿元素的热液流体由于大气降水的混入,在适宜的构造部位富集沉淀成矿,后期在表生作用下发生氧化淋滤,金次生富集形成铁帽型龙王山金矿床。

川滇黔接壤地区铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:方铅矿原位Pb同位素制约

位于扬子板块西南缘的川滇黔铅锌矿集区,是我国以碳酸盐岩为容矿岩石的铅锌矿产最为集中发育的区域,在我国铅锌成矿区/带中占有重要地位。尽管以往研究取得了丰硕的理论认识和找矿成果,但是对研究区铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源一直存有争议。以9个赋存于震旦系(乌斯河、赤普、银厂沟和茂租矿床)、泥盆系(火德红、毛坪和猫榨厂矿床)和石炭系(毛坪、会泽、亮岩和猫榨厂矿床)中的铅锌矿床为例,进行了较为系统的方铅矿原位Pb同位素地球化学综合研究。结果表明:①乌斯河、赤普、银厂沟、茂租、火德红、毛坪、猫榨厂、会泽、亮岩矿床原位Pb同位素组成的线性关系明显,其Pb-Pb等时线年龄约为2.5 Ga((2574±30)Ma),暗示这些矿床的成矿物质来源相同,且太古代-古元古代结晶基底岩石是最可能的主要金属源区;②在赋矿地层时代上,Pb同位素组成由老(震旦系)至新(石炭系)逐渐增加;在赋矿层位空间上,Pb同位素组成由北(西)部的乌斯河、赤普矿床向南(东)部的猫榨厂、亮岩矿床逐渐增加;这些特征暗示其是同一成矿流体不同演化阶段的产物,且在区域尺度上来源或流经结晶基底岩石的成矿流体由深部向浅部、由北(西)向南(东)方向运移演化。

扬子浅滩MIS6阶段沉积物流体包裹体特征及物源分析

为探究东海扬子浅滩晚更新世沉积物的来源,对该区域的YZ05钻孔MIS6阶段沉积物中的石英流体包裹体进行了岩相学分析,并与长江干流表层沉积物中的流体包裹体进行对比研究。结果显示,YZ05钻孔晚更新世沉积物中单位体积(0.001 mm3)石英颗粒的包裹体数量在17~47个之间,个体大小多为2~5μm,以孤立分布为主。其中次生包裹体数量较多,约占包裹体总数的88%~96%,原生包裹体以椭圆或四边形居多,室温下多为富液相,气液比大多为10%~30%。研究区及现代长江干流表层沉积物中的流体包裹体形态较为一致。此外,研究还发现了颈缩形态的包裹体及气液比大于80%的富气相原生包裹体,此类包裹体在长江上游石鼓地区较为常见。因此,可以推测晚更新世时(至少在47 ka BP),长江上游物质已经到达扬子浅滩西南海域。

青海东昆仑阿斯哈金矿床成矿物质来源:C-H-O-S-Pb同位素约束

都兰县阿斯哈金矿床位于青海东昆仑造山带东段,为近年来发现的大型金矿床。金矿体受NNE向和NNW-NW向断裂构造控制,赋存于闪长岩和花岗闪长岩体中。围岩蚀变强烈,主要有硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、碳酸岩化(方解石化)、绢云岩化、黄铜矿化和高岭土化。本文通过脉石矿物C-H-O同位素和矿石矿物S-Pb同位素地球化学研究,探讨该矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源。方解石δ^(13)C值为−2.72‰~−2.46‰,δ^(18)O值为10.36‰~11.61‰,表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。石英δD值为−84.3‰~−59.6‰,δ^(18)O_(H_(2)O)值为5.7‰~12.0‰,进一步表明成矿流体属于岩浆流体。硫化物δ^(34)S值变化范围较窄,为3.2‰~7.7‰,平均值为6.1‰,与变质流体和沉积岩中的S同位素组成不同,而与中酸性岩浆S同位素组成相似,暗示S来源于中酸性岩浆。硫化物Pb同位素值变化较小(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=18.199~18.235,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.542~15.605,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.163~38.321),且落入造山带Pb演化线附近,指示造山作用对阿斯哈金矿床的形成可能有一定影响。结合已报道的成果,认为阿斯哈金矿床的成矿流体属于岩浆热液,成矿物质主要由中酸性岩浆提供,属于造山过程中形成的、与岩浆(很可能是已发现的斑岩)作用有关的热液脉型金矿床,为中–晚三叠世东昆仑造山伸展构造背景下岩浆–流体–构造耦合成矿的产物。