Effect of different process conditions on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of plasma-activated water

The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed that increasing the processing time and power,and decreasing generated water volume,could cause an increase in the redox potential,conductivity,and temperature of PAW,and a decrease in its pH.A slower dissipation of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW was found on storage at 4℃in a sealed conical flask than on storage at room temperature.The inactivation ability of plasma-activated lactic acid(LA)to Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)was higher than that of PAW or LA alone under the same experimental conditions.The results of this study may provide theoretical information for the application of PAW as a potential antimicrobial agent in the future.

Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.

Physicochemical conditions in affecting the distribution of spring phytoplankton community

To better understand the physicochemical conditions in af fecting regional distribution of phytoplankton community, one research cruise was carried out in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea during 3 rd and 23 th May, 2010. The phytoplankton community, including Bacillariophyta(105 taxa), Pyrrophyta(54 taxa), Chrysophyta(1 taxon) and Chlorophyta(2 taxa), had been identified and clearly described from six ecological provinces. And, the six ecological provinces were partitioned based on the top twenty dominant species related with notable physicochemical parameters. In general, the regional distributions of phytoplankton ecological provinces were predominantly influenced by the physicochemical properties induced by the variable water masses and circulations. The predominant diatoms in most of water samples showed well adaptability in turbulent and eutrophic conditions. However, several species of dinoflagellates e.g., Protoperidinium conicum, Protoperidinium triestinum, Protoperidinium sp. and Gymnodinium lohmanni preferred warmer, saltier and nutrient-poor environment. Moreover, the dinoflagellates with high frequency in the Yellow Sea might be transported from the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton was depicted by diatoms and controlled by phosphate concentration, while the vertical distribution was mainly supported by light and nutrients availability in the subsurface and bottom layers, respectively.

Physicochemical Conditions during the Formation of Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit,Zhejiang Province

On the basis of mineral paragenesis and the chemistry and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions,the physicochemical parameters were calculated for the formation of the Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zu deposit in Zhejiang.From the early to the late stage of mineralization the ore-forming temperature veriation was found to be 298.5 ℃→267.0℃→217.6℃→167.3℃,with a corresponding pH change of 3.0-5.8→6.1→6.7→5.0→7.3.The pressure changed from 403.8to 128.5atm,and logfS2-9.9→-11.2→<-15;logfO2<-44→-45.6--42.6→>-44.2;and logf CO2 around -1.55.In conjunction with geological observations.the deposit is considered to be of meso-epithermal origin,i.e.,it was formed after continental volcanic-subvolcanic activity.The major factors affecting ore precipitation are the decreasing temperature and the increasing pH of ore-forming solutions.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ORE-FORMING CONDITIONS OF THE Au-Pb-QUARTZ VEIN TYPE ORE DEPOSIT,CHINA

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ORE-FORMING CONDITIONS OFTHE Au-Pb-QUARTZ VEIN TYPE ORE DEPOSIT, CHINAHe Zhili, Xu Jiuhua, Yang Zhenlin and Du Jafeng(Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Scie. and Tech. Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China)Ore-forming condition, Au-Pb-quartz vein, ore deposit, ChinaThere are few Au-Pb-Quartz vein type ore deposits in other countries except China. It might be related to the geohistory and geotectonic background. However, this kind of ore deposit has an important economical significance in China. Its formation is due to the dis-tinctive geological conditions of china. Wendong Au-Pb-Quartz type ore deposit including Wenyu and Dongchuang in Xiaoqinling gold field is the most typical. It is a polygenetic and compound ore deposit, Jintongcha and other deposits lying to the west of it in Xiaoqinling area are Au-Pb-Quartz vein type ore deposits. Others of this area lying to the east of Jintongcha are Au-Quartz vein type. This phenomenon stems from the zonnal distribution of minernal de-posits

Physicochemical and Tribological Properties of Anti-Seize Thread Lubricant

The di-aromatics base oil and graphite powder,blended with the viscosity index improver,and the anti-oxidant and rheological additive,were used to prepare a kind of anti-seize thread lubricant.Its physical chemistry properties,such as water resistance,thermal oxidation and aging properties,and tribological performance,were evaluated and compared with those of some commercial products.The results show that the overall performance of the anti-seize thread lubricant could meet the level of some commercial products,while its some properties such as thermal stability,anti-wear and anti-friction properties were better.The said anti-seize thread lubricant is more suitable for use under high temperature conditions.

Study of Initial Adhesion of a Bacterium to Different Support Materials before and after Conditioning Film of Olive Oil-Mill Wastewater

To improve the start-up speed and efficiency of bioreactors, biofilm technology is sometimes used. This technology uses various types of materials to facilitate the adhesion of microorganisms. In this study, the surface characteristics of inert substrates and substrates after olive oil-mill wastewater (OMWW) conditioning film were evaluated to understand the impact of OMWW on adhesion as well as the most suitable material to optimize bacterial adhesion. Three common substrates made of different polymers were tested for bacterial adhesion before and after treatment with OMWW: PP (polypropylene), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The surfaces’ physicochemical characteristics were studied by measuring the contact angle for the studied bacteria strain and the supports, before and after treatment with OMWW. Results of initial adhesion tests for untreated and treated supports showed differences in how bacterial cells adhered to substrates. Before treatment with OMWW, PVC and then PP showed a significant adhesion capacity, double that of PET [PVC: 1.58 × 105 CFU/cm2, PP: 1.48 × 105 CFU/cm2 and PET: 0.72 × 105 CFU/cm2]. After treatment with OMWW, initial bacterial adhesion increased by 106 (from 105 CFU/cm2 for untreated supports to 1011 CFU/cm2 for treated supports), and PET followed by PP demonstrated the highest adhesion capacity, 2 and 1.7 times more than PVC, respectively [PET: 1.39 × 1011 CFU/cm2, PP: 1.15 × 1011 CFU/cm2 and PVC: 0.67 × 1011 CFU/cm2]. OMWW conditioning film affects the physicochemical characteristics of plastic supports, especially the donor electron character, and improves the initial adhesion of bacteria to substrates (105 to 1011 CFU/cm2). Therefore, surfaces’ physicochemical characteristics were important in the initial adhesion of the bacteria onto the support before and after treatment.

Effects of solution conditions on the physicochemical properties of stratification components of extracellular polymeric substances in anaerobic digested sludge

The composition and effects of solution conditions on the physicochemical properties of the stratification components of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） in anaerobic digested sludge were determined. The total EPS in anaerobic digested sludge were extracted by the cation exchange resin method. Another EPS extraction method, the ceutrifugation and sonication technique was employed to stratify the EPS into three fractions： slime, loosely bound （LB）-EPS, and tightly bound （TB）-EPS from the outside to the inside of the anaerobic digested sludge. Proteins and polysaccharides were dispersed uniformly across the different EPS fractions, and humic-like substances were mainly partitioned in the slime, with TB-EPS second. Protein was the major constituent of the LB-EPS and TB-EPS, and the corresponding ratios ranged from 54.0% to 65.6%. The hydrophobic part in the EPS chemical components was primarily comprised of protein and DNA, while the hydrophilic part was mainly composed of polysaccharide. In the slime, the hydrophobic values of several EPS chemical components （protein, polysaccharide, humic-like substances and DNA） were all below 50%. The protein/polysaccharide ratio had a significant influence on the Zeta potentials and isoelectric point values of the EPS： the greater the protein/polysaccharide ratio of the EPS was, the greater the Zeta potential and the higher the isoelectric point value were. All Zeta potentials of the EPS showed a decreasing trend with increasing pH. The corresponding isoelectric point values （pH） were 2.8 for total EPS, 2.2 for slime, 2.7 for LB-EPS, and 2.6 for TB-EPS. As the ionic strength increased, the Zeta potentials sharply increased and then gradually became constant without charge reversal. In addition, as the temperature increased （〈 40℃）, the apparent viscosity of the EPS decreased monotonically and then gradually became stable between 40 and 60℃.

Microheterogeneity of the Koupol Deposit Fahlores as a Reflection of Changing of Physicochemical Parameters of the Ore-Forming Solution

New data on a zonal structure of the Koupol deposit fahlores grains are given, and features of their chemism are shown. The fahlores chemical composition within the zones evolves from essentially arsenious （Fe-tennantite and Zn-tennantite）, through mixed fahlores （Zn-tennantitetetrahedrite arsenious and Zn-tennantite-tetrahedrite antimonous）, to essential antimonous （Ag-bearing Zn-tetrahedrite）. Varying chemical composition manifested as mineralogical-geochemical zonation of the fahlores grains is caused by changes of physicochemical conditions of the ore forming process during the time.

江南造山带湘西南段茶溪金矿床绿泥石特征及其地质意义

绿泥石是热液矿床中的常见蚀变产物,被广泛应用于成矿物理化学条件演化的反演。江南造山带湘西南段金矿床较为发育,但由于成矿过程和物理化学条件缺乏精细的制约,其矿床成因一直存在争议。茶溪金矿床是湘西南段近两年新发现的金矿床,以发育多世代的绿泥石为特征。基于矿脉穿切关系、矿物共生组合特征及其交代关系,该矿床的成矿过程可以划分为石英‒绢云母‒黄铁矿(Ⅰ)、石英‒自然金‒多金属硫化物(Ⅱ,成矿主阶段)和石英‒白云石‒绿泥石(Ⅲ)三个阶段,且三个成矿阶段均有绿泥石产出,即Chl-Ⅰ,Chl-Ⅱ和Chl-Ⅲ。三世代绿泥石类型分别为铁绿泥石(Chl-Ⅰ)、铁镁绿泥石(Chl-Ⅱ)以及镁绿泥石(Chl-Ⅲ)。绿泥石地质温度计显示Chl-Ⅰ的峰值温度为180~200℃,Chl-Ⅱ和Chl-Ⅲ的峰值温度为160~180℃,指示其为中低温的热液成矿环境,且成矿温度具有逐渐降低的趋势。绿泥石lgfO_(2)为-59.1~-48.8,主成矿阶段lgfS_(2)为-13.3~-12.1,表明该区绿泥石形成于低氧逸度和低硫逸度的环境,并且二者均表现出从成矿早期到主成矿阶段逐渐降低的演化趋势。茶溪金矿床矿物组合和围岩蚀变等特征明显有别于与岩浆热液相关的金矿床、SEDEX型金矿床,其地质特征和成矿物理化学条件演化与典型造山型金矿床相似,推测茶溪金矿床为造山型金矿床。

静止和流动油体状态下沿面放电对油纸绝缘性能劣化的对比实验研究

本文在静止和流动油体状态下,对油纸在沿面放电劣化过程中的理化性能及电气性能进行了对比实验研究。利用红外光谱仪、微水测量仪分析油纸的放电产物及水分;利用黏度测试仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜分析油纸的多层次微观结构;利用电气测量手段分析油纸的电导率、电气强度及局部放电等电气性能;对比分析油纸在静止与流动油体中的多类型放电劣化特征。结果表明:油体的流动减缓了油纸的沿面放电劣化,减缓了油纸电导率的上升幅度和电气强度的下降幅度,抑制了沿面放电的发生和发展;表面电导率决定了沿面放电发生的难易程度,其增长导致沿面放电次数统计分布逐渐呈现“波浪”的重复性特征;放电频次决定了油纸沿面放电劣化和破坏的程度,是评估油纸沿面放电劣化状态的高效特征量。

湘中成矿带杏枫山Au-W矿床白钨矿特征及地质意义

杏枫山Au-W矿床位于湘中Au-Sb-W成矿带西部,以发育矽卡岩型钨矿化和席状石英脉型金矿化两套成矿系统为典型特征,明显有别于区域其它Au-W矿床,为进一步研究区域金、钨成矿机制提供了理想对象。文章根据野外穿切关系、矿物共生组合以及结构特征,将杏枫山白钨矿按次序划分为早期矽卡岩型钨矿化中具振荡环带的Sch-1、内部结构均一的Sch-2、多孔状的Sch-3和晚期席状石英脉型金矿化中结构均一的Sch-4。Sch-1和Sch-2的Mo含量和Eu异常(δEu)分别呈现逐渐降低(47.5×10^(-6)→0.044×10^(-6))和升高(1.74→3.18)的趋势,暗示其成矿热液氧逸度的逐步降低,这可能与其富Sr特征(251×10^(-6)~4916×10^(-6))和与矽卡岩矿物共生所指示的强烈水岩反应相关。同时,Sch-1至Sch-3整体上与白马山印支期岩体具有相似的Y/Ho比值,结合前人的年代学研究指示其成矿热液可能来自白马山印支期岩体。Sch-4的低Mo含量(0.014×10^(-6)~0.068×10^(-6))、高δEu(平均值3.96)和与磁黄铁矿的共生关系均揭示席状石英脉型金矿化成矿热液的低氧逸度特征,其高Sr含量(2319×10^(-6)~5329×10^(-6))也说明其形成受到明显的水岩反应控制,这与其脉侧明显的黑云母蚀变晕特征吻合,也揭示水岩反应及其相关的氧逸度下降可能是杏枫山金沉淀的重要控制因素。另外,席状石英脉中电气石的发育及其脉侧的黑云母蚀变晕显示其具高温岩浆热液成矿特征,揭示矽卡岩型钨矿化与席状石英脉型金矿化应分属两次不同的成矿事件,可能对应白马山复式岩体不同时期的岩浆活动,其中矽卡岩型钨矿化与白马山晚三叠世侵入岩相关,石英脉型金矿化则可能与白马山早侏罗世岩浆活动相关,而杏枫山矿床属于早期矽卡岩型钨矿化和晚期席状石英脉型金矿化的叠加复合成矿。

絮凝调理技术在淤泥处理中的优势

絮凝剂作为一种特殊的添加剂,因能有效吸附水体中的胶体和悬浮颗粒而被广泛用于工业用水的净化处理和废水污泥的脱水处理中。现有研究表明,絮凝剂的调理作用也能有效改善疏浚淤泥的脱水性能,降低淤泥中的有效含水率。因此,有学者将絮凝剂引入到淤泥处理工艺中,并提出了絮凝-真空(堆载)预压技术、理化复合技术、理化复合-真空预压技术。本文结合部分室内土工试验以及整理已公开发表的关于絮凝-真空预压试验成果、理化复合法处理淤泥试验成果和理化复合-真空预压处理淤泥试验成果,对絮凝调理技术融入传统淤泥处理技术后所表现出的技术优势做全面介绍。

岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献:以云南金平长安冲铜钼矿为例

长安冲铜钼矿床位于中国西南部哀牢山构造带南段,区内斑岩型/矽卡岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿床广泛出露。前人已对这些矿床成矿斑岩体物理化学条件进行了大量的研究。然而,前人研究主要依据为副矿物锆石主微量元素,对主要造岩矿物关注较少,导致对成矿岩浆演化早期物理化学条件缺乏制约。此外,成矿物质来源也需要更多同位素数据制约。因此,我们对成矿斑岩体开展了系统的单矿物(长石、云母、角闪石)电子探针分析和硫化物S-Pb同位素研究,以制约岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献。研究表明,角闪石水压计计算结果表明角闪石结晶时岩浆水含量约为3.7%~4.2%,说明成矿岩浆含水量较高。根据角闪石成分分析计算氧逸度值介于?NNO=+1.2~+1.8之间,表明含矿岩浆具有较高的氧逸度。通过角闪石压力计得出角闪石结晶压力为61~106 MPa,通过黑云母压力计得出黑云母结晶压力为32~123 MPa,对应成岩成矿深度为1.3~4.6 km,这一结果与前人流体包裹体研究成果基本一致。主成矿阶段硫化物Pb同位素与成矿斑岩源区的下地壳角闪岩分布一致,δ34S同位素介于0.2‰~1.5‰之间,为岩浆硫。综上,岩浆岩是长安冲铜钼矿床的主要成矿物质来源,成矿岩浆岩高氧逸度和水含量是成矿金属富集的重要因素,单矿物压力计是估算矽卡岩型矿床成矿深度可行方法。

煅烧温度对四氧化三钴颗粒成型理化指标调控的影响

四氧化三钴是制备锂离子电池用钴酸锂正极材料的前驱物,其理化指标对最终产品的性能具有直接影响。本文以碳酸钴为原料,系统地研究了煅烧温度条件对生成球形四氧化三钴产品理化指标的影响。结果表明,随着煅烧温度的提高,总体上材料的振实密度逐渐提升,比表面积则逐渐减小。低和高温结合的分段煅烧时,能够节约煅烧时间,获得样品的钴含量约在72.0%、振实密度2.13~2.45 g·cm^(-3)、比表面积0.35~6.04 m^(2)·g^(-1)。这种能够使产品兼具振实密度和比表面积等需求的可控制备条件,能为后端钴酸锂材料生产的原料选择提供极大便利。

中国不同成因伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件

对湖南幕阜山、云南哀牢山、新疆可可托海及福建西坑４个地区的伟晶岩研究表明：这些伟晶岩矿物的熔融包裹体和熔流包裹体均一温度为４５０～１１４０°Ｃ，气—液包裹体均一温度为１８０～４００°Ｃ，不同地区包裹体类型和均一温度有所差别。气液包裹体中的主要液相组分有Ｃａ２＋，Ｋ＋，Ｎａ＋，Ｍｇ２＋，Ｆｅ３＋，ＨＣＯ－３，ＳＯ２－４，Ｃｌ－，Ｆ－以及Ｃ２Ｈ６，不同的伟晶岩这些组分的相对含量有明显不同，表明这些伟晶岩具有不同的成因。

挤压改性对糙米粉理化特性的影响

研究了挤压对糙米粉糊化特性、水化特性、损伤淀粉含量及微观形貌的影响。结果表明,随着物料水分的增加,挤压糙米粉峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度显著增加,吸水率和膨润力也明显升高,水溶性和损伤淀粉含量大幅降低;挤压温度与吸水指数和膨润力显著负相关(p<0.05),螺杆转速与峰值黏度和最低黏度显著负相关(p<0.05)。挤压改性明显提升了糙米粉的水化特性,降低了糊化黏度,同时使糙米粉微观形貌由颗粒状变为表面有褶皱的不规则薄片状,增加了糙米粉的水溶性。

铜陵冬瓜山层控矽卡岩型铜金矿床的成因机制:硫同位素制约

冬瓜山铜金矿床是铜陵矿集区乃至长江中下游成矿带中的一个重要矿床。矿床上部受石炭系层位控制,发育层状、似层状层控矽卡岩型矿体;下部受岩体及其接触带控制,在岩体及其接触带围岩中发育脉状、细脉浸染状矿体。上部层控矽卡岩型矿体中的矿石类型以含铜(金)石英硫化物为主,矿石硫化物矿物的硫同位素组成显示主要成矿阶段的硫同位素基本达到了平衡。矿石矿物中的硫化物和硫酸盐的硫同位素组成对比表明,冬瓜山矿床与斑岩型矿床相似,而与Sedex型和VHMS型矿床不同。结合矿床成矿物理化学条件和矿石矿物共生组合关系,根据硫同位素储库效应,认为冬瓜山矿床硫化物阶段成矿热液中的含硫物种以H2S为主(XH2S>0.99),硫化物的结晶沉淀对成矿热液的δ34S值影响不大。应用大本模式,高温岩浆来源的热液与熔体之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S为0‰～+5‰,依据岩浆岩全岩硫同位素组成可以确定岩浆来源热液的硫同位素组成为+0.3‰～+12.0‰。在高温(600～350℃)硅酸盐阶段和氧化物阶段,硬石膏与成矿热液之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S为+5.0‰～+19.0‰,而在高温(450～350℃)氧化物阶段后期及低温(350～200℃)硫化物阶段,黄铁矿与成矿热液之间的硫同位素分馏Δ34S分别为-1.0‰～0‰和0‰～+1.5‰。据此计算的含硫矿物硫同位素组成理论值与冬瓜山矿床实测值基本一致,显示成矿热液流体中的硫源为岩浆来源。综合前人对区域及冬瓜山矿床的研究,本文认为冬瓜山矿床为与燕山期岩浆作用密切相关的层控矽卡岩型铜金矿床。岩浆及其平衡热液中较高的总硫同位素组成暗示岩浆混染了区域沉积地层中广泛发育的膏盐成分。虽然硫同位素组成特征显示区域沉积岩成岩过程中经历了明显的海水沉积作用和细菌硫酸盐还原作用,但冬瓜山矿床矿石没有保存海西期沉积成矿的硫同位素证据。

大水沟碲矿床成矿物理化学条件研究

本文在对大水沟碲矿床各成矿阶段矿物共生分析、成矿温度、矿液成分研究的基础上 ,对成矿的其它物理化学条件 ,如 p H、f O2 、f S2 、f Te2 等作了热力学计算 ,并结合矿床地质资料 ,计算与分析了成矿过程中碲的迁移形式及富集机理。

海洋细菌B-9987发酵条件的优化及胞外抑菌物质的理化特性

从海泥中分离获得的芽孢杆菌Ｂ－９９８７，其胞外代谢产物对植物病原真菌有很强的拮抗作用。以改良的２２１６Ｅ为基础培养基，通过正交试验，得到Ｂ－９９８７放大培养的最佳配方。胞外抑菌物质在碱性条件下活性大，酸性条件下具有良好的热稳定性，且水溶性、醇溶性和脂溶性都较大。纸电泳表明此物质呈弱酸性。