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Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards 被引量:7
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作者 YAN Zhen ZHENG Li-jing +2 位作者 NIE Ji-yun LI Zhi-xia CHENG Yang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第5期994-1002,共9页
In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit... In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars. 展开更多
关键词 apple organic acid sour flavor evaluation indices grading standard
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Comparison of Organic Sector Development in Six Balkan Countries
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作者 Ekaterina Arabska 《Economics World》 2014年第1期36-44,共9页
The study elaborates and examines a method for evaluation of organic farming development according to 10 indicators estimated by experts' opinion. It could be used for making comparisons in different countries, regio... The study elaborates and examines a method for evaluation of organic farming development according to 10 indicators estimated by experts' opinion. It could be used for making comparisons in different countries, regions, or even time periods on the basis of the 10 main indicators determined considering organic operators, organic area, organic production, organic farms' structure, resources, access to market, institutional support, education and training, science and technology, environmental protection, each one of them including sub-indicators. The proposed organic development index (ODI) could be used as a complex indicator for organic sector development embracing different and very significant aspects rather than only nowadays used organic area, percentage, sales, etc collected data for which are still questionable and difficult. The method was put into practice for six Balkan countries (Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, and Romania). The calculations of ODI show very low results--not well developed and competitive sector suffering the interference of international open markets. Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania perform better while Western Balkan countries (Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) are still at the beginning of organic sector development. 展开更多
关键词 organic farming organic indicators organic development index (ODI) organic data SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT sustainable agriculture
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Right Hemicolectomy and Multivisceral Resection of Right Colon Cancer:A Report of 21 Cases
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作者 赵玉洲 韩广森 +6 位作者 鲁朝敏 任莹坤 李剑 马鹏飞 顾炎晖 刘晨宇 王家祥 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2015年第2期255-258,共4页
The long-and short-term outcomes in 21 patients with right colon cancer after right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were investigated. Short-term therapeutic effects and long-term survival rate were ... The long-and short-term outcomes in 21 patients with right colon cancer after right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were investigated. Short-term therapeutic effects and long-term survival rate were retrospectively analyzed in patients with right colon cancer. These individuals underwent right hemicolectomy in combination with multivisceral resections including pancreatic head, duodenum, kidney, liver, gallbladder, and abdominal wall at the Department of General Surgery in the Henan Tumor Hospital between January 2003 and August 2014. The patients had an average age of 58.9 years(range: 39–78). Three patients had metastatic invasion only to the duodenum; meanwhile 18 patients had invasion to the duodenum and other adjacent organs. The median survival time was 41 months(95% CI: 6.972–75.028) with one death in the perioperative period. No patients lost follow-up. One-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 75%, 56%, and 43%, respectively. It was concluded that indications for surgery should be tightly controlled. Favorable clinical outcomes of right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were demonstrated for patients with right colon cancer at the T4 stage. 展开更多
关键词 Colon colon gallbladder invasion duodenum metastatic organs median indications recurrence
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Effects of ammonia exposure on carcass traits and fatty acid composition of broiler meat 被引量:8
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作者 Huan Xing Sujun Luan +2 位作者 Yongbo Sun Renna Sa Hongfu Zhang 《Animal Nutrition》 SCIE 2016年第4期282-287,共6页
We aimed to study the effects of ammonia on carcass traits, organ indices and fatty acid composition of broilers. Four hundred 21-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers with initial weight 563.52 ± 2.82 g were randomly ... We aimed to study the effects of ammonia on carcass traits, organ indices and fatty acid composition of broilers. Four hundred 21-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers with initial weight 563.52 ± 2.82 g were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 groups treated with ammonia at <3 mg/kg(control),25 ± 3. 50 ± 3, and75 ± 3 mg/kg concentrations. Each group consisted of 4 replicates of 25 birds. Broilers from 21 to 42 d were reared on the net floor in the respiration-metabolism chambers where similar environmental conditions were maintained. At 32 and 42 d of age, carcass traits and organ indices were determined for4 birds per pen. At 42 d of age, fatty acid composition in the breast and thigh muscle of broilers was measured. Results showed as follows: 1) At 32 d, the dressing percentage of broilers exposed to 25 and75 mg/kg ammonia were lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05); eviscerated yield percentage of broilers in the 25 mg/kg ammonia group was also lower(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the dressing percentage of broilers in the ammonia treatments and the thigh muscle percentage of broilers in the 50 and 75 mg/kg ammonia groups were lower(P < 0.05) than those in the control. Breast muscle percentage of broilers exposed to 25 and 50 mg/kg ammonia and eviscerated yield percentage exposed to 50 mg/kg ammonia were lower than those in the control(P < 0.05). 2) The kidney index of broilers(d 32) exposed to ammonia was greater(P < 0.05) than that of the control. At 42 d, hepatic index of broilers exposed to ammonia was increased(P < 0.05), and spleen index was decreased(P < 0.05). 3) At 42 d, stearic(C18:0)and saturated fatty acids(SFA) in the thigh muscle of broilers were higher, while the unsaturated fatty acid:saturated fatty acid(U:F) ratio and unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) were lower in the 50 mg/kg ammonia treatment than in the control group(P < 0.05). In conclusion, ammonia over 25 mg/kg could decline carcass traits and immune organ indices and increase the kidney and hepatic indices. Further,exposure to 50 mg/kg ammonia could also decrease breast and thigh muscle yield percentage while increasing SFA content and decreasing UFA content in the thigh muscle of broilers. 展开更多
关键词 AMMONIA BROILER Carcass traits Fatty acid organ indices
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil from the Tibetan Plateau 被引量:2
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作者 Zhenyu Tian Haifeng Li +4 位作者 Huiting Xie Chen Tang Ying Han Mengjing Wang Wenbin Liu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第10期2041-2047,共7页
Concentrations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in soil samples from Tibetan Plateau were determined. The average concentration of total 2,3,7,8-P... Concentrations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in soil samples from Tibetan Plateau were determined. The average concentration of total 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was(2.30 ± 1.02) pg/g, and World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalency(WHO-TEQ) average concentration was(0.013 ± 0.010)pg WHO-TEQ/g. The average concentration of ∑PCBs(7 indicator PCB and 12 dioxin like-PCB congeners) was(16.2 ± 9.25) pg/g, and WHO-TEQ average concentration was 0.043 ±0.049 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Comparing to previous studies in similar environmental conditions,PCDD/Fs and PCBs in this study showed a relatively lower concentration. The altitude dependences of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were also studied. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized concentrations presented a quadratic relation with the altitudes, and an inflection could be found on the parabola of the total concentrations and some congeners of high concentration.The concentrations decreased with altitudes below about 4500 m above sea level(a.s.l.), while they increased with altitudes above it. These phenomena indicate that cold condensation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs would happen above 4500 m a.s.l, on the Tibetan Plateau. 展开更多
关键词 Cold-trap effect Persistent organic pollutants Indicator polychlorinated biphenyls Inflection Quadratic relation
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